Joseph Maria Olbrich

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Joseph Maria Olbrich
Ornaments by JM Olbrich at the Karlsplatz tram station in Vienna

Joseph Maria Olbrich (born December 22, 1867 in Troppau ; † August 8, 1908 in Düsseldorf ) was an Austrian designer and architect of the Vienna School , who lived and worked in Germany from 1900.

Life

Joseph Maria Olbrich was born as the third child of the married couple Edmund and Aloisia Olbrich. He had two sisters who had died before he was born and the younger brothers Johann and Edmund. His father was a wealthy master confectioner and wax maker and owned, among other things, a brick factory , which aroused Olbrich's interest in the construction industry at an early age.

Olbrich attended high school in Troppau, left it before graduation, completed an apprenticeship as a bricklayer and then worked as a draftsman for a building contractor. In 1882 he went to Vienna to enter the architecture class at the Vienna State Trade School. His teachers included Julius Deininger and Camillo Sitte .

In 1886, Olbrich passed his final exam with the grade “excellent”.

He then returned briefly to Troppau and worked there again as a draftsman for a construction company. From 1890 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna as a pupil of Karl Freiherr von Hasenauer and won several prizes with his designs, such as the Pein Prize, the Court Prize 1st Class and the Academy's Rome Prize. In 1893 he joined Otto Wagner's office . Most of the detailed plans for the buildings of the Vienna Stadtbahn were probably made by Olbrich; this is not exactly known. Wagner held him in high regard; at times he considered marrying his daughter to him.

The Secession Building

In 1896, because of the dissatisfaction of several artists, the Vienna Secession was created under the leadership of Gustav Klimt as a spin-off from the Vienna Künstlerhaus . The group needed its own exhibition building; Olbrich received the order and built the Secession building in 1897 . This was his first big assignment. Later he also built several houses in Vienna and the surrounding area, including the house for Hermann Bahr in Veitlissengasse in Hietzing (13th district). In return, Bahr proclaimed Olbrich in his essays and feature articles as a central architect of Vienna.

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig von Hessen und bei Rhein ( Hessen-Darmstadt ) visited Vienna frequently and was very interested in modern art. At his instigation, the Darmstadt artists' colony was established on the Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt in 1899 . For this purpose he brought Olbrich to Darmstadt, who quickly became the unofficial leader of the artists' colony and also received the highest salary. On April 4, 1900 he was awarded the title of professor by the Grand Duke and became a citizen of Hesse. At that time Olbrich was the only architect in the artist group; Peter Behrens originally only worked as a painter and graphic artist. The publisher Alexander Koch (1860-1939) dealt with Olbrich and the Darmstadt artists' colony in the important magazines Interior Decoration and German Art and Decoration . In 1903, Olbrich married Claire Morawe in Wiesbaden , the divorced wife of the writer Christian Ferdinand Morawe .

The artist colony became an experimental field for Olbrich, where he also built the main building, the Ernst-Ludwig-Haus . In addition, various residential buildings and temporary buildings were built for the exhibitions. Hans Heller (1884–1917) , who came from Magdeburg , had been working in Olbrich's studio since 1901, where he qualified to take on a professorship for interior design at the Hamburg School of Applied Arts in 1907 . Olbrich also designed ceramic dishes for the artist colony, which were produced in Waechtersbacher Keramik , furniture for the furniture manufacturer Julius Glückert and musical instruments such as the Mand Olbrich grand piano. Olbrich remained loyal to the colony longer than many other members. His contributions to the Louisiana Exhibition in St. Louis made such an impression that he became a corresponding member of the American Institute of Architects - probably at the instigation of Frank Lloyd Wright . In 1906 he received his last and largest order: the Tietz department store in Düsseldorf . In the same year, the twin screw express mail steamer Kronprinzessin Cecilie was launched. In addition to Olbrich, Bruno Paul and Richard Riemerschmid, among others, worked on the interior design and equipment of this transatlantic liner .

Shortly after the birth of his daughter Marianne on July 19, 1908, Olbrich - only 40 years old - died of leukemia on August 8 in Düsseldorf . Four days later he was buried in the old cemetery in Darmstadt (grave site: IV C 11).

plant

Buildings and designs

Wedding tower
Ernst Ludwig House
Department store of Leonhard Tietz AG , today Kaufhof , Düsseldorf
Princess House in the park of Wolfsgarten Castle near Langen
  • 1897–1898: Exhibition building of the Vienna Secession in Vienna
  • 1898/1899: Clubhouse of the cycling club of court and state officials in Vienna-Leopoldstadt, Rustenschacherallee 7 ( Pratercottage )
  • 1898: Café Niedermeyer in Troppau
  • 1898-1899: Max Friedmann's house in Hinterbrühl
  • 1899: House Stöhr in St. Pölten
  • 1899–1900: House for Hermann Bahr in Vienna 13., Veitlissengasse 7
  • 1900: Sift house in Vienna
  • 1900: Tomb of the Glückert family in the old cemetery in Darmstadt
  • 1900: Group of houses for the building contractor Wilhelm Ganss in Darmstadt (destroyed in the war, rebuilt in a modern way)
  • 1900–1901: Ernst Ludwig House on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt
  • 1900–1901: own house on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (significantly changed)
  • 1900–1901: House for Hans Christiansen on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (destroyed in the war)
  • 1900–1901: House for Carl Keller on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (destroyed by the war)
  • 1900–1901: House for Julius Glückert , so-called Great Glückert House on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt
  • 1900–1901, residence for Rudolf Bosselt , so-called Small Glückert House on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt
  • 1900–1901: Ludwig Habich's house on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt
  • 1901: Exhibition building "House for Surface Art", "Playhouse" for the Darmstadt Games and main portal on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt. The wooden buildings were dismantled after five months after the building exhibition A Document of German Art .
  • 1901: Albert Hochstrasser's house in Kronberg im Taunus
  • 1901–1902: Double house for Gustav and Joseph Stade on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt
  • 1902: Princesses house in the park of the hunting lodge Wolfsgarten
  • 1902–1903: Carl Kuntze's house in Berlin-Steglitz
  • 1903: Facade of the Edmund Olbrich house in Troppau
  • 1903–1904: "Three-House Group" ("Blue House", "Corner House" and "Gray House" or "Hofprediger House") on the Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt
  • 1903–1904: Sculptor's studio as an extension to the "Ernst-Ludwig-Haus" on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (today used as a museum shop)
  • 1905–1906: Exhibition building "Frauen-Rosenhof" for the German Art Exhibition Cologne 1906 in the Cologne Flora , Cologne-Riehl (changed)
  • 1905–1907: Interior fittings for the private rooms for Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse and near the Rhine in the Old Castle in Gießen
  • 1907–1908: "Upper Hessian House" for the Hessian State Exhibition for Fine and Applied Art on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (used as a residential building after 1908, changed)
  • 1907–1908: House for Hugo Kruska in Cologne- Lindenthal (destroyed in the war)
  • 1907–1908: Hochzeitsturm on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt

(+) = completed after Olbrich's death

  • 1908 (+): House for Max Clarenbach in Düsseldorf-Wittlaer , An der Kalvey 21 (significantly changed)
  • 1907–1909 (+): Department store of Leonhard Tietz AG (today Kaufhof ) in Düsseldorf (completely changed inside)
  • 1908 (+): "Arbeiterhaus Opel" (model house) for the Hessian state exhibition for fine and applied arts on Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (not preserved)
  • 1908 (+): Künstlerhaus Krefeld, it was financed by a donation from the Commerce Councilor Albert Oetker to the city of Krefeld and the property was donated by Jentges'sche Grundbesitz GmbH.
  • 1908–1909 (+): Villa for Josef Feinhals in Cologne-Marienburg (destroyed in the war)
  • 1908–1909 (+): Residence for Walther Banzhaf in Cologne-Marienburg (rebuilt in 1926 by Wilhelm Riphahn , destroyed in the war)
  • 1908–1909 (+): Department store for Theodor Althoff AG in Gladbeck

Fonts

  • (with Ludwig Hevesi): Ideas from Olbrich. 1st edition, 1900. / 2nd expanded edition, Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1904.
as reprint : Wasmuth, Tübingen 1988. / Arnold'sche Art Publishers, Stuttgart 1992. / Arnold'sche Art Publishers, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-89790-279-4 .
  • Architecture by Olbrich. (Portfolio) Verlag Ernst Wasmuth, Berlin 1901–1914.
  • (with Wilhelm Holzamer): Games. Eugen Diederichs publishing house, Leipzig 1901.
  • (with Georgina Freiin von Rotsmann): Once upon a time. Darmstadt 1904.
as reprint: Verlag zur Megede, Darmstadt 1983.

Honors

literature

  • Alexander Koch (Hrsg.): A document of German art. (Exhibition catalog) Verlag Alexander Koch, Darmstadt 1901.
as reprint: Verlag zur Megede, Darmstadt 1989.
  • Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (Ed.), Gerhard Bott: Joseph M. Olbrich and the Darmstadt artists' colony. (= Art in Hesse and the Middle Rhine, 7th) Roether, Darmstadt 1967.
  • Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (Ed.): Joseph M. Olbrich 1867–1908. The work of the architect. (Exhibition catalog) Darmstadt 1967.
  • Karl Heinz Schreyl, Dorothea Neumeister: JM Olbrich. The drawings in the Berlin Art Library. Critical catalog. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-7861-4083-9 .
  • Ian Latham: Joseph Maria Olbrich. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-421-02561-4 .
  • Bernd Krimmel: Joseph M. Olbrich 1867–1908. (Exhibition catalog) Darmstadt 1983.
  • Renate Ulmer:  Olbrich, Joseph Maria. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 500 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Peter Haiko, Caterina Iezzi, Renate Ulmer: Joseph Maria Olbrich. Secession Vienna - Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt. Exhibition architecture around 1900. (Exhibition catalog) Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-422-06659-4 .
  • Ralf Beil, Regina Stephan (ed.): Joseph Maria Olbrich 1867–1908. Architect and designer of early modernism. (Exhibition catalog) Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7757-2549-1 .
  • Andreas Ay: New living in old walls. Joseph Maria Olbrich's interior decoration of the private rooms for Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse and near the Rhine in the Old Castle of Gießen. (Exhibition catalog) edition noir, Lich 2012, ISBN 978-3-9812398-6-7 .

Web links

Commons : Joseph Maria Olbrich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Hermann Bahr: Meister Olbrich . In: Die Zeit , 17 (1898) # 211, 42-43. (October 15, 1898), again in: Secession. Vienna: Wiener Verlag 1900, 60-65. Hermann Bahr: Olbrich. Der Tag , Berlin, (1901) # 417, Unterhaltungsblatt, 9-10. (September 22, 1901) Hermann Bahr: Josef Olbrich. (Died August 18, 1908). Nord und Süd, 32 (1908) # 127, 339-344, again in: Book of Youth. Vienna and Leipzig: H. Heller 1908, 70-76.
  2. ↑ https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/_md_search?md_query_inhaltsverz=1&md_query_cat3=all&md_query_var3=Olbrich+Kolonie
  3. ↑ Mertens, Eberhard (Ed.): The Lloyd Schnelldampfer. Kaiser Wilhelm the Great, Crown Prince Wilhelm, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Crown Princess Cecilie. Olms Presse, Hildesheim 1975. ISBN 3-487-08110-5 . P. 14
  4. ↑ http://www.leopoldmuseum.org/de/presse/mektiven/48
  5. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.svsb.at
  6. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eventlokale.at
  7. ^ Lower Austria Gestalten number 153 Theresia Hauenfels : Building jewels in Lower Austria Villa Friedmann in Hinterbrühl
  8. ↑ Figure "Max Clarenbach House", architect Joseph Maria Olbrich , in Richard Klapheck : Neue Baukunst in den Rheinlanden , Schwann, 1928, p. 25
  9. ↑ In February 1908 the shell construction of the Clarenbach house began and this was accepted by the building authorities in July of the same year; in October 1908 the painter and his family moved into the house. , in Siegfried Weiß: Max Clarenbach's house and garden in Wittlaer , on wittlaer.net
personal data
SURNAME Olbrich, Joseph Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Olbrich, Josef Maria
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian architect
DATE OF BIRTH December 22, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Troppau
DATE OF DEATH August 8, 1908
Place of death Dusseldorf