Musikheim
The Musikheim in Frankfurt (Oder) was a state institution for the further training of Prussian elementary school teachers in the field of music education . In addition, the Musikheim organized further courses in the field of adult education on the subjects of instrumental and choral music, dance and amateur play.
The establishment of the music home was the result of an initiative by Georg Götsch , a leading figure in the German youth music movement . The architect of the Musikheim was Otto Bartning . The Musikheim existed under its director Georg Götsch from 1929 to 1941. From 1945 to 2000 the building served as a venue for the Kleist Theater . To use it as a theater, extensive renovation work was carried out in several steps, which greatly changed the original shape of the music hall. The former music hall has been registered as an architectural monument in the state of Brandenburg's list of monuments since September 13, 2002.
The music home and the youth music movement
In 1921 Georg Götsch founded the youth and student choir “Märkische Spielgemeinde” in the “ Alt-Wandervogel ” in Berlin , which, in addition to singing, also performed dance and theater. The play community undertook choir trips in Germany and in other European countries and was a role model for other choirs. Following the ideals of the youth movement, the choir trips were designed in terms of living and working together. The choir should form a real human community and not just a temporary community of convenience.
Out of this claim the idea for a privately financed settlement in the country with the members of the "Märkische Spielgemeinde" arose. After the plans for a rural settlement failed, the Musikheim was founded in coordination with the Prussian minister of education, Carl Heinrich Becker, as a state-funded adult education institution. The aim was the musical further education of the Prussian elementary school teachers in the spirit of the guidelines developed by Leo Kestenberg for school music lessons in three courses of eight weeks each year. The music home should be a learning and living space and the community feeling of the participants should be strengthened by working and living together over a longer period of time. In addition to the arts subjects were u. a. drawing lessons and morning exercises are also on the program.
In addition to the state courses, other courses, trips and leisure time took place, such as B. a “conference on the rediscovery of baroque instruments”, a leisure time for amateurs on the subject of “music in amateur play” with Martin Luserke , a free time at the Günther School in Munich with Carl Orff and several trips by the “German Singing Circle”. The “Convivium Viadrinum” in the winter semester of 1932/33 was an attempt at a university semester at the Musikheim with the aim of implementing and testing the ideas of the university reform with a small group of students.
Of great importance to the contact was Rolf Gardiner , a personal friend George Götschs, the old English contra dances had rediscovered and these now made popular in Germany. The music home existed from 1929 to 1941 (according to other sources until 1942). In addition to adapting to the changed political situation after 1933, personal contacts made it possible to continue the work even under National Socialist rule.
In 1949, supporters of the Musikheim founded the “Society of Friends of the Music Home”, which was renamed “ Musische Gesellschaft ” in 1951 and is based at Fürsteneck Castle . Through the mediation of Georg Götsch, Otto Bartning was won over as the architect for the renovation of the castle. He designed the castle hall based on the hall of the music hall.
prehistory
The new eastern borders of Germany that emerged after the First World War had a major impact on the economic situation of Frankfurt (Oder), as the old trade connections to the east had been lost. Targeted measures should strengthen the economic power and the cultural and political importance of the city.
In this context, the relocation of the East German Railway Directorate from Berlin to Frankfurt (Oder) was of particular importance . An extensive housing construction program was required for the railway officials moving to Frankfurt (Oder). As part of this program, the architect Martin Kießling (1879–1944) designed the Paulinenhofsiedlung (built 1922–1925) in Nuhnenvorstadt . He designed this settlement in the style of a garden city with a spacious square as the center, a wide avenue as the main and visual axis and entrances emphasized by gateways.
The city of Frankfurt (Oder) under Mayor Hugo Kinne also endeavored to locate further, non-university educational institutions, which included the Musikheim and the Pedagogical Academy , which were built in the immediate vicinity of the Paulinenhofsiedlung.
The architect Otto Bartning , who was a friend of Carl Heinrich Becker and Georg Götsch and who was director of the Staatliche Bauhochschule in Weimar at the time, was won over as the planner for the Musikheim . Bartning had received the contract by bypassing the Frankfurt City Planning Department and without a public tender. The foundation stone was laid on September 17, 1928, and after a year of construction, the music hall was inaugurated on October 15, 1929, the interior of which was designed by Erich Dieckmann .
The building complex
The construction of the music hall was realized with a very tight budget of around 300,000 Reichsmarks , which corresponded to a value of 30 RM / m³ of enclosed space. This sum was enough for a solid and local execution. The conventional construction of the building contrasts with the modern floor plan. The Musikheim is a building, the floor plan of which is developed from the inside and whose design is completely tailored to its function and the needs of its residents. A representative design of the exterior and an integration into the environment was almost completely dispensed with.
The various functional areas - residential wing, utility wing, administration wing, hall, etc. - are additively combined and form an open, extensive floor plan. The connecting design elements are the consistently used brick masonry in a simple, traditionally handcrafted execution and the dark engobed roof tiles of the gable roofs. Inside, the parts of the building are connected by a long corridor that runs through the entire music hall almost without interruption like a lifeline. The introverted character of the building suggests a comparison with medieval monasteries.
The center of the music hall was the large, light-flooded hall with an open roof structure, which clearly towered over the other parts of the building. The hall offered space for up to 500 people and was used for theater performances and dance events as part of the courses and as a ballroom. A compact, two-story round tower with a conical roof forms the connection between the training wing and the utility wing. The dining room was located on the ground floor of the tower, the room on the upper floor served as an intimate meeting place for chamber music, choir exercises and contemplative events. It is covered by an elaborately designed, open roof structure, which gives the room a special acoustics.
The total of 31 individual living rooms, each 9 m² in size, of the course participants, also known as “living cells”, were characterized by their practical and homely design. The sanitary areas, in which the sexes were not separated, were housed as common rooms in a separate wing of the residential wing. A large garden with old fruit trees adjoins the building of the music hall in the north. It is limited to the street by a striking stone wall, the northern end formed the lecturers' houses for the director Georg Götsch and the music hall teachers.
All rooms of the Musikheim were furnished by the workshops of the building college with high-quality furniture by Erich Dieckmann , lighting fixtures and fittings by Wilhelm Wagenfeld as well as curtain fabrics. Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack designed the color concept for the walls, floors and ceilings, which gave the rooms a friendly and inviting character. The original spatial effect can only be experienced in a few places today, as the music hall was largely converted, reshaped and supplemented by other buildings for use as a theater.
Known teachers
- Erich Bitterhoff (1915–1995)
- Klaus Borries
- Rolf Gardiner (1902–1971)
- Georg Götsch (1895–1956)
- Karl Gofferje (1893–1966)
- Hans Grosser
- Ludwig Kelbetz (1905–1943)
- Eduard Meier-Menzel (1887–1958)
- Walter Neumerkel
- Carl Orff (1895–1982)
- Walter Praetorius
- Gisela Reiners
- Kurt Sydow (1908-1981)
- Konrad Weitzel
Known students
- Jens Jürgen Rohwer (1914–1994)
Situation today
Since the Kleist Theater was closed in 2000, the former Musikheim has only been used in parts by the theater and event workshop "Backstage" and a costume rental company. Many parts of the building are empty and are increasingly threatened by decay and vandalism .
literature
- Erich Bitterhof: The Frankfurt / Oder Musikheim 1929–1941, Ludwigstein Castle, 1980
- Christof Baier, Julia Berger: Frankfurt on the Oder. Otto Bartning's music home and Hans Petersen's educational academy. Two architectural testimonies to the educational reform of the Weimar Republic, in: Brandenburgische Denkmalpflege, Volume 13, 2004, Issue 1
- Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, monuments in Brandenburg, city of Frankfurt (Oder), published by the Ministry for Science, Research and Culture of the State of Brandenburg, texts Sybille Gramlich u. a., Worms, 2002
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Erich Dieckmann (1896–1944) , on: franklandau.com
- ↑ Erich Bitterhoff (Ed.): Das Musikheim Frankfurt / Oder 1929–1941. Contributions of the youth movement to Prussian cultural policy, teacher training and adult education. A documentary report . Ludwigstein Youth Castle Foundation, Witzenhausen 1980.
- ^ Rolf Gardiner: Frankfurt an der Oder - Lighthouse in the East (PDF file; 137 kB). On: musikheim.net
- ↑ Georg Götsch: Musische Bildung, Volume 2, 1953, manuscript in the archives of the youth movement Burg Ludwigstein, Georg Götsch estate (N62) (PDF file; 80 kB). On: musikheim.net
- ↑ Lt. Herbert Saß: In the fight for leaders and people, the following fell: ... Ludwig Kelbetz ... ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Obituary with photo). In: The Movement - Organ of the Reichsstudentenführung , 11th year, volume 10, Munich, edition at the end of June 1943, p. 10.
- ↑ Das Musikheim Frankfurt (Oder) - Tradition and New Beginnings (PDF file; 523 kB). On: frankfurter-kinder-und-jugendkantorei.de
Coordinates: 52 ° 20 ′ 43.1 ″ N , 14 ° 30 ′ 56.6 ″ E