St. Stephan (Karlsruhe)

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"Weinbrenners Pantheon" St. Stephan (east side)
Front with portico (south side)

The parish church of St. Stephan is a classical Roman Catholic church building in Karlsruhe by Friedrich Weinbrenner .

Building history

As early as 1807, Grand Duke Karl Friedrich donated the property of the later church to the Catholic community and left part of the estate of Margravine Maria Viktoria Pauline von Arenberg , wife of Margrave August Georg Simpert von Baden, to the community . Their marriage remained childless; therefore the lines of the margraviate of Baden , Baden-Durlach and the Catholic line of Baden-Baden reunited.

The church was built between 1808 and 1814 according to the specifications of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden and the plans of the architect Friedrich Weinbrenner .

Started one year after the laying of the foundation stone of the Evangelical City Church , St. Stephan represents the Catholic counterpart of the inner-city churches in Karlsruhe. The unconventional building was built based on the model of the Roman pantheon , which is why the 43 m high steeple should be dispensed with for the time being not to thwart the central character of the church building . Weinbrenner was inspired by the massive classicism of the church on a trip to Italy. For a long time Weinbrenner resisted the Grand Duke's request to build a tower on the church, but eventually he put his stylistic concerns aside and so it happened that the Grand Duke laid the foundation stone for the church as early as 1808 at an advanced age. The church was consecrated in 1814.

Originally, the central building of St. Stephan had four buildings at the corners. Two buildings were built by 1850, these were the school and the rectory , they were destroyed in the air raids in World War II.

The distinctive dome structure, which shapes the cityscape, rises above the ground plan of a Greek cross and contains the relief of the Trinity created by Hans Morinck (1555–1616) , a tapestry triptych made by Emil Wachter , which illustrates the martyrdom of St. Stephen , and a High altar painting by Marie Ellenrieder (1791–1863). Until 1882, the housing for the high altar was based on a design by the architect Karl Joseph Berckmüller . The election for the Stephanus patronage by the parish took place before the completion of the central building and pays homage to the Catholic Grand Duchess Stéphanie de Beauharnais (1789–1860), who stood up for Catholicism in Baden.

Since 1882, the unplastered outer facade has shaped the classicist sacred building, which is one of Weinbrenner's major works and is one of the most important classicist domed churches in southwest Germany . Inside the tower there is a bell with a Christmas motif, which was saved from destruction in the Second World War by being transported away for melting down. The “Stephansglocke”, cast in 1966, was the largest church bell in Baden-Württemberg until the nearby Christ Church was given an even larger one in 2004 .

During the Second World War, the church was partially destroyed in air raids in 1944. In 1946 the archbishop's building authority in Heidelberg initiated the reconstruction. In the years 1951 to 1955 the church was rebuilt. The new dome created during the reconstruction is made of precast concrete . On March 27, 1954, Auxiliary Bishop Eugen Seiterich from Freiburg consecrated the new high altar, and the following Sunday saw the solemn entry into the church.

The building of the church had an urban planning influence on the Badische Landesbibliothek , which was built between 1984 and 1991 opposite , which refers to Weinbrenner's church through column elements and a domed roof over the main reading room.

A comprehensive interior renovation took place in 2011, the altar and ambo were also relocated to an altar island in the center of the church, the benches were arranged in a circle around the altar island. The altar was consecrated on Christmas Day 2011 by Archbishop Robert Zollitsch .

organ

organ

The first significant organ was an instrument from the Abbey of St. Blasien , which was abandoned in the course of secularization , and which was completed by the organ builder Johann Andreas Silbermann in 1775. The instrument was transferred to Karlsruhe in 1813 by Johann Ferdinand Balthasar Stieffell . Here it was destroyed in a bomb attack in 1944.

Today's large organ goes back to an instrument that was built in 1959 by the organ building company Johannes Klais (Bonn). In the course of time, the slider chest instrument has been expanded and extensively rebuilt several times. Some add-built registry of the main plant and the pedal were electrically plays while the tracker action , moreover, were mechanical.

During the renovation of the church, the organ was extensively reorganized by the builder company in 2012. The basic stock has been revised, the registers added subsequently have been separated from the individual works and placed in a new auxiliary work. Today the organ has 63 registers spread over four manual works and pedal , and 27 further registers in the auxiliary works. The action actions are mechanical-electric, the stop actions are electric.

I upper section C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Tube bare 8th'
3. Quintad 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Venetian flute 4 ′
6th Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Principal 2 ′
8th. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Scharff IV 1'
11. Dulcian 16 ′
12. Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
13. Principal 16 ′
14th Principal 8th'
15th Viola da gamba 8th'
16. Dumped 8th'
17th octave 4 ′
18th Coupling flute 4 ′
19th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Super octave 2 ′
21st Kornet V 8th'
22nd Mixture IV-V 2 ′
23. Acuta IV 2 ⁄ 3 ′
24. Trumpet 8th'
25th Chip. Trumpets 8th'
Zimbelstern
III Swell C – g 3
26th Gedacktpommer 16 ′
27. Principal amabile 8th'
28. Wooden flute 8th'
29 Gemshorn 8th'
30th viola 8th'
31. Aeoline 8th'
32. Vox coelestis 8th'
33. Octave 4 ′
34. Flute octaviante 4 ′
35. Salicional 4 ′
36. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
37. Octavine 2 ′
38. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
39. Mixture V 2 ′
40. bassoon 16 ′
41. Trumpet harm. 8th'
42. Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
IV breastwork C – g 3
43. Wooden dacked 8th'
44. Reed flute 4 ′
45. Forest flute 2 ′
46. Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
47. Sifflet 1'
48. None 8 ⁄ 9 ′
49. Terzcymbel III 1 ⁄ 3 ′
50. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
51. Gedacktpommer 32 ′
52. Principal 16 ′
53. Sub bass 16 ′
54. Gedacktpommer 16 ′
55. Octave bass 8th'
56. Pommer 8th'
57. Choral bass 4 ′
58. Night horn 2 ′
59. Pedal mixture IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
60. Contrabassoon 32 ′
61. trombone 16 ′
62. Trumpet 8th'
63. Clarine 4 ′

The registers that were added later were set up in a new auxiliary section on individual tone drawers and can now be registered on the various manuals or on the pedal. The auxiliary work was also equipped with new registers, which are in its own swell. The auxiliary work comprises 27 registers.

I, II Auxiliary plant C – g 3
Drone 32 ′
Drone 16 ′
Horn principal 8th'
flute 8th'
Drone 8th'
Wide octave 4 ′
flute 4 ′
third 3 1 ⁄ 5  ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
flute 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Wide octave 1'
(Continuation)
Trumpet 16 ′
clarinet 16 ′
tuba 8th'
clarinet 8th'
tuba 4 ′
Trumpet 4 ′
swellable
Stentor viol 8th'
Stentor flute 8th'
Stentor viol 4 ′
Stentor flute 4 ′
III Auxiliary plant C – g 3
clarinet 16 ′
tuba 8th'
clarinet 8th'
tuba 4 ′
swellable
Stentor viol 8th'
Stentor flute 8th'
Stentor viol 4 ′
Stentor flute 4 ′
IV Auxiliary plant C – g 3
Drone 16 ′
flute 8th'
Drone 8th'
flute 4 ′
Trumpet 16 ′
clarinet 16 ′
tuba 8th'
clarinet 8th'
tuba 4 ′
Trumpet 4 ′
Carillon
swellable
Stentor viol 8th'
Stentor flute 8th'
Stentor viol 4 ′
Stentor flute 4 ′
Pedal auxiliary movement
double bass 32 ′
Drone 32 ′
double bass 16 ′
Drone 16 ′
Horn principal 8th'
flute 8th'
Drone 8th'
Fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Wide octave 4 ′
flute 4 ′
third 3 1 ⁄ 5  ′
Basszink IV 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 16 ′
clarinet 16 ′
tuba 8th'
clarinet 8th'
tuba 4 ′
swellable
Stentor viol 8th'
Stentor flute 8th'

Bells

The magnificent ornament with Christmas depiction on the Rosenlaecher bell from 1866
Die große Stephansglocke ist die zweitgrößte Kirchenglocke Baden-Württembergs. Das Geläut hat eine typische Disposition der Nachkriegszeit mit einer Mischung aus harmonischer und melodischer Tonfolge. Die Ludwigsglocke – auch Weihnachtsglocke genannt – von 1866 verleiht dem Gesamtgeläut sein charakteristisches Klangbild. 1987 erweiterte die Karlsruher Glocken- und Kunstgießerei das Geläut um vier Zimbelglocken. Die verschiedenen klanglichen Kombinationen der Glocken (Motive) und deren Verteilung auf die verschiedenen liturgischen Anlässe sind in der Läuteordnung festgelegt. Die Glockenzier der Stephans- und der Marienglocke stammt von Harry MacLean.
No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Mass
(kg) 		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )
1 Stephen 1966 Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling , Heidelberg 2290 8510 fis 0 -4
2 Ludwig 1866 Carl Rosenlaecher , Constance 1790 ≈3250 ais 0 -5
3 Ave Maria 1951 Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling, Heidelberg 1410 1675 cis 1 -4
4th Joseph 1966 1250 1150 dis 1 -4
5 Elisabeth 1951 1100 780 ice 1 -4
6th Bernhard 1953 1030 603 f sharp 1 -4
7th Michael 1951 980 572 gis 1 -4
8th John the Baptist 870 405 ais 1 -4
9 Albertus Magnus 1987 Karlsruhe bell and art foundry 760 310 cis 2 -2
10 Teresa of Avila 670 216 dis 2 -2
11 Catherine of Siena 600 155 ice 2 -2
12 Guardian Angel 560 135 g sharp 2 ± 0

literature

  • Annette Ludwig , Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann , Bernhard Schmitt: Karlsruhe - architecture in view. A cross section . Röser, Karlsruhe 2005, ISBN 3-9805361-2-2 .
  • Johann Michael Fritz: The restoration of the late Gothic altar cross of St. Stefan in Karlsruhe. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 5th year 1976, issue 1, pp. 23–26. ( PDF ) [not evaluated]
  • Gottfried Leiber : Friedrich Weinbrenner and the Church of St. Stephan in Karlsruhe. In: Badische Heimat. ( ISSN  0930-7001 ), issue 2/2008, pp. 204-216.

Web links

Commons : St. Stephan (Karlsruhe)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Elisabeth Spitzbart: Karl Joseph Berckmüller. Braun, Karlsruhe 1999, ISBN 3-7650-9052-2 , p. 123.
  2. ↑ More about the Klais organ ( Memento from January 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Information about today's conception and disposition on the website of the organ building company

Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 31 ″  N , 8 ° 23 ′ 58 ″  E