Synagogues in Karlsruhe
The present synagogue of the Jewish Community of Karlsruhe dates from 1971. It was preceded by several previous buildings. Already in the first decade after the city was founded (1715), the Karlsruhe Jews had a house of prayer with a mikvah on Kronenstrasse .
Synagogue construction by Weinbrenner, 1798–1871
When the simple "community building" of the 18th century became too small, plans arose for a new synagogue in Karlsruhe. The young Karlsruhe architect Friedrich Weinbrenner , who had just returned from Rome, worked out the plans for this building . It was his first major project in the city, the image of which he later shaped. Construction began quickly with the laying of the foundation stone on June 10, 1798 at the site of the former church. The building was used from 1800 onwards, but the official inauguration of the “Jewish School”, as Israelite prayer, teaching and meeting houses were then commonly called, did not take place until 1806, in the presence of Margrave Karl Friedrich .
The complex between Kronenstraße and Lange Straße (today: Kaiserstraße ) consisted of a front building with apartments and administrative rooms, a column-lined courtyard for weddings and the festival of tabernacles and the sacred building behind it, including the mikveh (the ritual bath) and the actual cult room with the aron haKodesch (the Torah shrine ). The building was an early example of a classicistic monumental building with pointed arches as a stylistic element of orientalism . Egyptian style pylons on either side of the portal, pointed arches - arcades and Doric columns in the interior around the farm marked the massive building, which was also a model for other buildings of this style in the 19th century with its oriental charisma.
Made largely of wood, this synagogue burned down on the night of May 29th to 30th, 1871, caused by a fire in a neighboring house.
- Weinbrenner Synagogue
Designed by Friedrich Weinbrenner, around 1798
Facade, around 1810
Inner courtyard, around 1810
Exterior view, around 1870
Liberal Synagogue, 1872–1938
A new building was built in the same place in 1872–75. An architect was commissioned with the later chief building director Josef Durm , who subsequently designed the representative buildings of the city of Karlsruhe. The main front, together with the flanking side buildings, formed a small forecourt, the location of which marks today's monument. The equipment included u. a. also an organ .
During the November pogroms in 1938 , the facility was demolished and the community was forced to have the building demolished at their own expense.
- Liberal synagogue
Synagogue building by Durm, around 1900
Synagogue building by Durm, around 1900
Synagogue building by Durm, around 1900
Preserved wing structures, 2008
graveyard
On the main cemetery of Karlsruhe was the liberal Jewish part of a building for funerals built 1895th
- Cemetery building
Cemetery building, 2008
Orthodox synagogue, 1881–1938
In 1881, according to plans by Gustav Ziegler, another synagogue was built in the courtyard at Karl-Friedrich-Strasse 16. This community center with prayer house and school belonged to the Orthodox Israelite Religious Society , which had left the old Jewish community . Given the location of the property, the main facade had to be attached to the east side. The Torah shrine is located behind the apparent entrance.
This synagogue was also destroyed in 1938. Only a plaque on today's G. Braun Medienhaus reminds of the former location.
- Orthodox synagogue
Orthodox synagogue, around 1900
Interior, around 1900
Destroyed interior, 1938
Herrenstrasse 14
In 1889 Curjel and Moser , later also known for their Protestant church buildings, erected a building at Herrenstrasse 14 for the Jewish community.
This community center, together with the Hotel Nassauer Hof on Kriegsstrasse , was the last refuge for many Jewish residents of Karlsruhe before they escaped or were deported. The building was not destroyed in the war and then served as a prayer house and community center for returnees and displaced persons .
Herrenstrasse 14, 2007
New Synagogue (1971)
In 1971 the Jewish community erected a new building on Knielinger Allee, in the area of what is now Nordstadt . The architecture firm Backhaus und Brosinsky had previously planned buildings for well-known Karlsruhe companies as well as housing estates for the people's apartment and the occupying powers. The synagogue has a hexagonal floor plan, the roof structure forms a Star of David , the wall surfaces inclined triangles. Inside, a tent-like impression is created. There is a ballroom under the synagogue hall. There is no mikveh.
The upper council of the IRG Baden also has its seat in the office extension .
Bibliography
- Gerhard Everke: Synagogues in Karlsruhe. From Friedrich Weinbrenner to Josef Durm and Gustav Ziegler . In: Heinz Schmitt (Ed.): Jews in Karlsruhe. Contributions to their history up to the Nazi seizure of power . 2nd Edition. Revised special edition. Badenia, Karlsruhe 1990, ISBN 3-7617-0268-X , ( Publications of the Karlsruhe City Archives 8), pp. 221–246.
- Arthur Valdenaire: Friedrich Weinbrenner. His life and his buildings . 4th edition. CF Müller, Karlsruhe 1985, ISBN 3-7880-9715-9 , pp. 64-66.
- ↑ Valdenaire, p. 65 based on a memo from Baurat Müller (1798)
Web links
- Alemannia Judaica on the Karlsruhe synagogues
- Chabad Synagogue in Karlsruhe
- The locations of the former synagogues (City of Karlsruhe)
- Judaism in Karlsruhe
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 34.8 " N , 8 ° 24 ′ 30.6" E