Johann Rudolf Huber

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Self-Portrait (1710)
Friedrich Carl of Württemberg-Winnental (1699)
Portrait of Johann Rudolf Sinner (1704)
Putti making music (1705)
Susanna Margaretha Frisching b. Stürler de Serraux (1705)
Portrait sketch of a member of the Bernese Grand Council (around 1710)
Portrait of an Unknown Lady (around 1710)
Portrait of Niklaus Tscharner (1719)
Portrait of Albrecht von Haller (1736)

Johann Rudolf Huber the Elder Ä. (baptized April 21 . jul / 1. May  1668 greg. in Basel , † 28. February 1748 ) was a Swiss painter , draftsman and politicians.

biography

Origin and years of apprenticeship

The Huber family of councilors and scholars, who are nicknamed Ringli-Huber (after the family coat of arms) in Basel to differentiate between other sexes of the same name, originally came from Ravensburg and became naturalized in the city of Basel in 1504. Ten-year-old Huber is said to have received his first drawing lessons from a member of the Wannewetsch family of glass painters. He completed his apprenticeship in the workshop of the Basel portrait painter Johann Caspar Meyer (1645–1705). In 1683 Johann Rudolf Huber entered Joseph Werner's (1637–1710) house academy in Bern. In his early days in Bern, Huber said he painted a bailiff and his wife, several barbers and a seal cutter. In 1685, Niklaus Dachselhofer (1634–1707) was one of his customers. In the same year he traveled to Venice . Once there, he found employment in 1686 with the Dutch master Cavaliere Tempesta (1637–1701). Johann Caspar Füssli reports that Huber primarily painted staffages for the landscape and maritime painter Tempesta. Apparently Huber also worked on his own behalf, because in his catalog raisonné there are numerous portraits painted from life for Venice, including that of Doge Francesco Morosini and August the Strong , the art-loving Elector of Saxony. Around 1689 Johann Rudolf Huber entered the Roman art academy and became a student of the famous Carlo Maratta . According to Füssli, after spending six years in Italy, Huber reached Paris via Geneva and Lyon. There is no reference to French locations in the catalog raisonné.

Württemberg and Baden

In the spring of 1693 he returned to Basel and was soon accepted into the Guild of Heaven . In the following year he was elected to the guild board and at the same time to the city council of Basel. In the same year he met Friedrich VII. Magnus von Baden-Durlach , who was in exile in Basel , and made a total of 22 portraits of relatives of the margrave from spring to autumn 1694. In 1696 he also met the future son-in-law of the margrave, Duke Eberhard IV. Ludwig von Württemberg (1676–1733). He was commissioned to paint the Duke's bride, Princess Johanna Elisabeth von Baden-Durlach . Huber entered into negotiations with the duke.

In June 1697 Johann Rudolf Huber traveled to Stuttgart to enter the service of the young duke. He had made the important leap from the guild workshop painter to the Württemberg court. In 1698, work began on the Duke's audience room, the tower chamber and the Duchess's cabinet in the Stuttgart Palace . With this, Huber created the first baroque ceiling paintings in Württemberg and thus set a milestone in southern German baroque painting. The ceiling paintings fell victim to the castle fire of 1931. The eight oval paintings with the deeds of Hercules from the tower chamber have been preserved.

In 1699 Huber left the Württemberg court. The motives are unclear. Huber, however, remained loyal to the Baden-Durlach family as a painter for around 30 years. The Margrave Charles III. He painted Wilhelm von Baden-Durlach many times. Today's best-known portrait of the margrave (in the Badisches Landesmuseum ) is a copy of the court painter Philipp Heinrich Kisling based on Huber's original from 1711. Huber had a long friendship with the lawyer, archivist and poet Karl Friedrich Drollinger .

Basel and Bern

From autumn 1702 Huber worked mostly in Bern . The reasons for this decision were probably the lucrative order situation there for a skilled portraitist. A friend of Huber's, the Basel engraver Justin de Beyer (1671–1738), who worked in Bern, may also have been involved. Johann Rudolf Huber had left behind both the guild- organized painting trade in Basel and his court employment in Stuttgart. In Bern there was no painters' guild whose order he had to obey. Here he knew about a large patrician clientele who liked to be captured in the picture.

The portrait of Susanna Margaretha Stürler (1668–1740) as a spring nymph , one of Huber's main works from his time in Bern , dates back to 1705 . Susanna Margaretha Stürler and her husband, who later became Venner Johann Frisching , were among Huber's best customers in Bern. Huber had initially not settled permanently in Bern. His catalog raisonné shows that he often traveled between Basel and Bern. His clients called him to historical events: 1702 to King Joseph I in Heidelberg , 1708 to settle the Neuchâtel succession dispute and in 1714 on behalf of the Comte du Luc to conclude peace between the Empire and France to end the War of the Spanish Succession in Baden in Aargau. After a long stay in Basel, he returned to Bern in December 1715.

In the spring of 1718 the entries in his work register end. Until 1738 Huber worked mainly in Bern. Nothing is known about his operation so far. We only know that he rejected Jakob Emanuel Handmann as a pupil and shortly afterwards accepted Johann Ulrich Schellenberg as such. Schellenberg later became his son-in-law, Johann Rudolf Schellenberg was Huber's grandson. In 1740 Huber was elected as a representative of the Guild of Heaven on the Small Council of the City of Basel. He held this office until he was 80.

Works (selection)

  • Katharina Huber-Faesch , around 1690.
  • Maximilian von Menzingen , around 1699.
  • Daniel Tschiffeli (1705)
  • Johann Bernhard von Muralt , 1710.
  • Niklaus Tscharner , 1719.
  • Portrait of an unknown gentleman , around 1720.
  • Johann Rudolf Zwinger , around 1721.
  • Maria Catharina Effinger-von Diesbach , around 1723.
  • Johann Anton Tillier , 1723.
  • Friedrich von Werdt , 1724.
  • Johann Bernoulli .
  • Crucifixion , 1735.

swell

literature

  • Tapan Bhattacharya: Johann Rudolf Huber. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Maurice W. Brockwell : Catalog of the pictures and other works of Art in the collection of Lord St. Oswald at Nostell Priory. London 1915.
  • Hansjakob Diggelmann:  Huber, Johann Rudolf the Elder. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 696 ( digitized version ).
  • Werner Fleischhauer : Baroque in the Duchy of Württemberg. Stuttgart 1958.
  • Johann Caspar Füssli : History of the best artists in Switzerland. Vol. 2 Orell, Gessner and Comp., Zurich 1757, pp. 212-223. ( Digitized version )
  • Eduard His:  Huber, Johann Rudolf the Elder . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 231 f.
  • Johann Rudolf Huber 1668–1748. A painter from Bernese society at the beginning of the 18th century. Exhibition catalog. Jegenstorf 1982.
  • Manuel Kehrli: His mind is capable of anything. The painter, collector and art connoisseur Johann Rudolf Huber (1668–1748). Basel 2010. online book text (not illustrated)
  • Manuel Kehrli: The Bernese coat of arms stone from 1706 in the town church of Zofingen. In: Zofinger Neujahrsblatt 2011, pp. 13-18.
  • Gerda Franziska Kircher: Zähringer portrait collection in the New Castle in Baden-Baden. Karlsruhe 1958.
  • Ulrich Klein, Albert Raff: "On the coinage of a guldine mesdailles for Mahler Huber from 16 ½ ducats". Comments on the work of the Swiss painter Johann Rudolf Huber for Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg in the period around 1700. In: Schweizer Münzblätter, Volume 46 (1996), No. 182, pp. 38–44. doi: 10.5169 / seals-171626
  • Wolfgang Friedrich von Mülinen : From older Bernese portraits and portraitists. One try. In: Heinrich Türler (Ed.): New Berner Taschenbuch on the year 1916. Bern 1916, pp. 23–82. Digitized
  • Elisabeth Nau: Eberhard Ludwig's picture gallery. In: Yearbook of the State Art Collections in Baden-Württemberg, 32 (1995), p. 77.
  • Paul Quensel: Johann Ulrich Schellenberg 1709–1795. Life and work. Bern 1953.
  • Hans Rott : Art and artists at the Baden-Durlacher Hof until the founding of Karlsruhe. Edited by the Grand Ducal Baden Ministry of Culture and Education. Karlsruhe 1917. in the Internet Archive
  • Horst Vey: The paintings of the Margraves of Baden-Durlach based on the inventories of 1688, 1736 and 1773. In: Yearbook of the State Art Collections in Baden-Württemberg, 18 (2002), pp. 7–72.
  • Johannes Zahlten: HERCULES WIRTEMBERGICUS . Reflections on the baroque iconography of rulers. In: Yearbook of the State Art Collections in Baden-Württemberg, 18 (1981), pp. 7–31.
  • Johannes Zahlten: The "God Hall of the Capitolium (City Palace) in Studtgardt" based on a description from 1850. With comments on the re-evaluation of mythology. In: Yearbook of the State Art Collections in Baden-Württemberg, 20 (1983), pp. 19–32.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 25.
  2. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 25.
  3. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 26.
  4. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 27.
  5. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 27.
  6. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 29.
  7. ↑ Füssli 1757, p. 215.
  8. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 30.
  9. ↑ Basel State Archives, ZA Himmelzunft 3, fol. 92v.
  10. ↑ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, 47/664; Kehrli 2010, p. 184 (transcription).
  11. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 32.
  12. ↑ Kunstmuseum Winterthur, Huber, p. 5, nos. 1–2; Kehrli 2010, p. 32.
  13. ↑ Kehrli 2010, pp. 116–120.
  14. ↑ Kehrli 2010, pp. 50–51.
  15. ↑ Kehrli 2010, p. 57.
  16. ^ Art Museum Winterthur. on-line
  17. ^ Fischer Auctions, Lucerne. on-line
  18. ↑ Bern Burger Library, collection of paintings. on-line
  19. ↑ Bern Burger Library, collection of paintings. on-line
  20. ^ Jegenstorf Castle Foundation, Inv. No. 2721.
  21. ^ Dobiaschofsky auctions. on-line
  22. ↑ online ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hmb.ch
  23. ↑ Wildegg Castle. online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / webcollection.landesmuseen.ch  
  24. ↑ Kunstmuseum Bern, G 0,264th online
  25. ^ Art Museum Winterthur, Inv. 747. online
  26. ↑ online
  27. ^ Art Museum Winterthur. on-line

Web links

Commons : Johann Rudolf Huber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Huber, Johann Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Huber the Elder, Johann Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss painter
DATE OF BIRTH baptized May 1, 1668
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1748
Place of death Basel