Garden city of Karlsruhe
The garden city Karlsruhe is a housing estate in the northeast of Karlsruhe-Rüppurr , which was planned and realized according to the principles of a garden city . In 1907 the building cooperative Gartenstadt Karlsruhe eGmbH was founded, in 1911 construction of the Gartenstadt began, and in 1912 the first 42 houses could be occupied.
The garden city of Karlsruhe is one of the oldest German garden cities - along with Hellerau - on the basis of shared house and land ownership.
development
In 1905, Hans Kampffmeyer and a small group of like-minded people founded the Karlsruhe branch of the German Garden City Society . The declared goal was the formation of a cooperative that was to build “garden city-like settlements in the vicinity of Karlsruhe”.
On March 13, 1907, at the invitation of Hans Kampffmeyer and the factory owners Friedrich Ettlinger and Eugen Geiger, the founding meeting of the Gartenstadt Karlsruhe eGmbH (registered cooperative with limited liability) took place. The 23 founders included a. also the lawyers Richard Gönner and Wilhelm Handel, as well as the architects Pfeifer and Großmann . In a six-person supervisory board was u. a. Max Laeuger elected.
In the following years, negotiations about a suitable site as well as the development plan and the building regulations were in the foreground. In 1910, the Gartenstadt-Genossenschaft received 8 hectares of land from the Karlsruhe Domain Office at a preferential price of 3 Marks per m², and a further 64 hectares were available for later acquisitions. Construction of the garden city began in 1911. The first 42 houses in Blumenweg, Heckenweg and Auer Straße (today Holderweg) were ready to move into in 1912.
The first development plan for the garden city of Karlsruhe was drawn up in 1910 by the Durlach architect Karl Kohler based on designs by Hans Kampffmeyer . Soon afterwards, the Kohler development plan was revised by Friedrich Ostendorf . This gave the entrance area of the settlement a harmonious, semicircular shape that opens wide towards the old Rüppurr. This square, called Ostendorfplatz since 1915, is surrounded by business premises and fulfills functions for everyday use.
External architects (Kohler, Pfeifer & Großmann, Zippelius and Ostendorf) were also responsible for the planning and execution of the first houses and apartments; later construction projects were then carried out independently by the building department of the garden city under the direction of Georg Botz.
Structural substance
In 1912 ten single houses, a large number of semi-detached houses and three terraced houses were built. Each house had a garden of different sizes (170 to 1000 m²). Side paths (so-called "private paths") enabled access to the gardens from the rear. Different types of houses made the overall picture of the garden city varied.
It became clear early on that for economic reasons it was not possible to build single-family houses on their own. Therefore, double houses and mostly row houses were built. In later decades there was a move to the construction of apartment buildings, especially on the edges of the settlement. The originally planned construction of a Volkshaus also fell victim to economic constraints.
Quote
“First of all, we wanted to create better, lighter, airier, healthier and cheaper apartments in single houses for as large a number of people as possible. We succeeded. Secondly, we wanted to eliminate speculation with land by, under all circumstances, and, as I can safely say, against a not entirely inconsiderable trend in our own ranks, insistently that the land remains the property of the community and that only the houses can be rented, while the added value of the land belongs to the cooperative. This principle has been observed. Thirdly, we wanted to redeem people from the stone deserts of cities and reconnect them to maternal soil, bring them back close to nature, let them become one again with sun, rain, wind and stars, with flowers, bushes and trees, and these sources of life for them Open up again that seemed to us buried in the dust, haze and noise of the cities. Here, too, our seeds were granted fruit. "
The garden city society
After the end of the First World War, cooperatives were set up in the Karlsruhe districts of Grünwinkel (Gartenvorstadt Grünwinkel eGmbH) and Bulach (Bulach building cooperative ) with the aim of alleviating the housing shortage in Karlsruhe. These companies were merged with the Gartenstadt Karlsruhe in 1935 .
That is why the Gartenstadt-Gesellschaft currently manages around 1,900 apartments with around 46% of single-family houses in various districts of Karlsruhe.
literature
- Garden City Karlsruhe (Ed.): 75 Years Garden City Karlsruhe 1907–1982. (Festschrift on the occasion of the 75th anniversary), G. Braun, Karlsruhe 1982.
- Bürgergemeinschaft Rüppurr (Ed.): 900 years of Rüppurr. History of a Karlsruhe district. Info Verlagsgesellschaft, Karlsruhe 2003, ISBN 3-88190-329-1 .
- Reinfried Kiefer: The garden city. In: Bürgergesellschaft Rüppurr (ed.): Rüppurrer streets and habitats. (= Rüppurrer Hefte , Volume 3) Info Verlag, Karlsruhe 2006, ISBN 3-88190-432-8 , pp. 65-78.
Web links
- Gartenstadt Karlsruhe eG
- Overview of the garden city (or the garden city settlement with pictures) and 100 years ago garden city founded (from 2007) - pages of the city of Karlsruhe
Coordinates: 48 ° 59 ' N , 8 ° 25' E