Palace Square (Karlsruhe)
| Palace Square | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Aerial view from the southeast |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Karlsruhe |
| District | Downtown West |
| Confluent streets | Castle Square, Castle District |
| Buildings | Karlsruhe Palace , Federal Constitutional Court |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic |
The Schlossplatz is the place in front of the Karlsruhe Palace . The square was created as a baroque garden during the founding of the planned baroque city of Karlsruhe . In its 300-year history, the importance of the Schlossplatz has changed from the courtyard of honor to the pleasure garden and finally the Bürgergarten. Today the Schlossplatz, like the castle, is owned by the state of Baden-Württemberg .
The renovation and redesign of the palace square was honored with the award of exemplary building "Karlsruhe-Stadt 2005–2012" from the Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Architects .
area
The Schlossplatz is located south of the Karlsruhe Palace. In the east it is bounded by the building of the Faculty of Economics of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , in the west by the Federal Constitutional Court and the Botanical Garden . The Staatliche Kunsthalle adjoins it in the southwest . The Castle District street runs both east and west of Schlossplatz along the border.
The city center is located south of the square. The border forms a street, also named Schlossplatz , parallel to the circle , which is also called the Great Circle or the Outer Circle . From the palace through the central axis of the palace square runs the Via Triumphalis , which forms the central ray of the total of 9 rays of the Karlsruhe fan going south from the palace square.
The southern end of the square is formed by the circular buildings, a uniformly designed row of buildings designed by Weinbrenner. The buildings were initially used as residential buildings by privileged citizens, civil servants and officers, later some Baden ministries were located there. During the Second World War, the area was badly damaged, so that the buildings were then rebuilt in a functional style as government buildings. The uniform arcades planned by Weinbrenner towards the palace square were once again taken into account. The uniform building height as well as the continuous front preserve the uniform image and the visual relationship to the castle. Today the premises include the regional council , the district court , the headquarters of the L-Bank and the tax office .
Between the Schlossplatz and the market square , on Via Triumphalis, lies the central part of the Platz der Grundrechte , which forms the entrance from the Schlossplatz to the urban space.
Schlossplatz street with underpass.
View of the café on Schlossplatz above the underpass.
The district court with a view from the west.
Fundamental Rights Square at night.
history
After the city was founded on June 17, 1715 and the subsequent construction of the palace, the palace square served the city founder Karl Wilhelm as a botanical garden. At that time there was no direct access from the castle to the city. Little by little, the houses of privileged citizens, civil servants and officers were built on the south side of the Schloßplatz, and later also the buildings of Baden ministries. In 1803, some buildings turned out to be dilapidated, which led to a new office building designed by Friedrich Weinbrenner. The requirement was that the symmetry to the Via Triumphalis should be preserved. However, when it was decided in 1813 that all buildings in the street should be the same, Weinbrenner's plans could not be implemented as planned.
In 1808 the court theater, also designed by Friedrich Weinbrenner, was opened under the direction of Johann Peter Hebel . A short time later, in 1810, it was named the Grand Ducal Court Theater. In 1853 a new theater building was opened, this time based on plans by Heinrich Hübsch . The theater later opened in the Baden State Theater .
Fairs were held on the Schlossplatz at different times until the last Karlsruhe Mass was held there in 1872. In 1873 it was redesigned and replanted.
During the First World War , celebrations and meetings took place on the Schlossplatz, for example after Germany's victory between Metz and the Vosges. At the beginning of the Third Reich in 1933, several large demonstrations with tens of thousands of participants took place on Schlossplatz, including the "Celebration of the National Uprising" for the seizure of power with an appearance by the later Reich governor and Gauleiter of Baden, Robert Wagner . In the same year, a linden tree was planted in the palace square in honor of Adolf Hitler . In addition, on June 17, 1933 , the Hitler Youth carried out a book burning in the course of a solstice fire. In the course of the Second World War , the front palace square was opened for growing vegetables in 1941. Large parts of the inner city were the targets of Allied air raids , including the destruction of the theater in 1944.
In the 1960s and 1970s, extensive redesigns took place on and around Schlossplatz. In 1957 eight of the originally ten sculptures by Ignaz Lengelacher were put up again in front of the palace. These were probably in the middle of the palace square around 1800 and then changed their location several times. In 1960, drafts for a new theater building on Schlossplatz were collected; the opening was planned for the city anniversary in 1965. However, after the site was offered to the Federal Constitutional Court for a new building in order to keep the location in Karlsruhe, the plans were not pursued any further. The new building of the Federal Constitutional Court was opened in 1969. After the city's jubilee, the Federal Garden Show was due in 1967. In addition to a complete redesign of the Schlossplatz, an underground car park and a street underpass were created on the southern edge of the Schlossplatz.
In the course of preparations for the next festive city birthday ("275 Years of Karlsruhe"), the square was again extensively redesigned from 1988 to 1990, with a baroque design, as it was originally to be found, was chosen. In 1992 the first museum festival of the Badisches Landesmuseum took place on Schlossplatz, on the occasion of the reopening of the prehistoric collection.
In 2005 the square of the basic rights was opened on the central axis between the palace square and the circle. Subsequently, from 2006 to 2013, the Schlossplatz was finally completely renovated and redesigned. The renovation was initiated by severe damage due to intensive use and material deterioration. The occasion was used to carry out redesigns at the same time without separate financial planning. The design concept that was being pursued thus returned to the plans for the 1967 Federal Horticultural Show. The costs totaled 5.5 million euros.
View of the Schlossplatz and the castle at night.
View of the Schlossplatz and the castle in winter 2005.
Design of the middle part along the central axis.
Schlosslichtspiele 2016.
Fountains and monuments
There are some cultural monuments on the palace square. The Grand Duke Karl Friedrich Monument was erected in 1844 on the instructions of Grand Duke Leopold by the sculptor Ludwig Schwanthaler on Schlossplatz. It shows the Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden with the document for the abolition of serfdom in Baden, which the then Baden Margrave Karl Friedrich enforced in 1783, in his right hand. The base is adorned with the grand ducal coat of arms from 1807 to 1830. There is a female figure at each corner of the base. As part of the preparations for the upcoming Federal Horticultural Show in 1967 , the monument was moved to the south and turned. When the square was redesigned in 2011 and 2012, the memorial was rebuilt and a moat was created around the memorial.
Along the central axis of the Schlossplatz are two parallel rows of sculptures with a total of ten mythological sculptures by Ignaz Friedrich Lengelacher depicting various gods and heroes. Originally erected in 1782, Friedrich Weinbrenner had the figures removed in 1814. The originals are now kept in the State Building Department. In 1965 and 1966, copies of the groups of figures were made. In the course of this, a supplementary figure by Emil Sutor was erected at the northern end of the parallel rows of sculptures .
There are also two fountains in front of the castle, which are also symmetrical to the central axis. These fountains were created by Karl Dyckerhoff in 1864 under Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden .
literature
- Manfred Koch (ed.): City squares in Karlsruhe . Publications of the Karlsruhe City Archives Vol. 26, Info Verlag, Karlsruhe 2003.
- Franz Sales Meyer : The capital and residence city of Karlsruhe, a guide for their guests . Self-published by the city, Karlsruhe 1898.
Web links
- Schlossplatz in the Stadtwiki Karlsruhe
Individual evidence
- ↑ Exemplary building, award procedure "Karlsruhe-Stadt 2005 - 2012". Schlossplatz Karlsruhe - changing scenery. (No longer available online.) Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Architects, July 11, 2013, archived from the original on June 6, 2015 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ downtown west. Baden-Württemberg State Archive, accessed on December 14, 2014 .
- ^ Karlsruhe: Living and Working - Parks and Green Areas. Palace Square. City of Karlsruhe, November 22, 2012, accessed on December 14, 2014 .
- ↑ Lecture by Dr. Gottfried Leiber, Karlsruhe. Unbuilt visions for Karlsruhe: Unapproved plans through Friedrich Weinbrenner's plans. Working group for historical regional studies on the Upper Rhine eV, October 8, 2010, accessed on December 14, 2014 .
- ↑ lecture by Ernst Otto Bräunche. The book burning on June 17, 1933 on the Schlossplatz in Karlsruhe. City of Karlsruhe, May 10, 2013, accessed on December 14, 2014 .
- ^ Karlsruhe Palace Square. Refurbishment and remodeling. Assets and Construction Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe Office, September 8, 2011, accessed on December 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Database of cultural monuments. Palace Square. City of Karlsruhe, December 12, 2014, accessed on December 13, 2014 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 42.9 " N , 8 ° 24 ′ 15.4" E