Indipohdi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indipohdi is a verse drama in five acts by the German Nobel Prize Winner for Literature Gerhart Hauptmann , which was successful on February 23, 1922 under the title The Sacrifice in the Dresdner Schauspielhaus with Paul Wiecke as Prospero, Melitta Leithner as his daughter Pyrrha and Antonia Dietrich as his second wife Tehura was premiered. The poet had staged his play, written in iambia , together with acting director Paul Wiecke.

Gerhart Hauptmann saw the text as his will.

Gerhart Hauptmann on a painting by Lovis Corinth from 1900

Emergence

The experiment “Die Insel. Paraphrase to Shakespeare's Storm “already deviated from the play by the great Englishman. From the spring of 1913 to the summer of 1916, Hauptmann wrote the actual piece. In the previous year of the above-mentioned premiere, it was pre-printed in the Neue Deutschen Rundschau .

overview

The home of Prospero and his two children is on Lake Lugano in the Alps , near Monte Generoso . Prospero, the name of the man who was stranded with Pyrrha at the scene of the action - "on a remote island in the ocean" - recalls the Duke in Shakespeare's Storm . The material is based on this work from 1611.

The Indian inhabitants of that island take Prospero as their white savior ; make him their priest-king. From a motivational point of view, the above-mentioned victim dominates. The deity must be appeased, believe the Indians, and demand the reintroduction of human sacrifice from their new king. Prospero, an opponent of such slaughter, sacrifices himself. He climbs the Schneeberg there. From the edge of the crater he wants to plunge into the smoking volcanic embers. This is reminiscent of Holderlin's Empedocles .

On the title: Priest-King Prospero officiates in succession to the former greatest ruler there, Indipohdi - in German: Nobody knows . Because nobody knew where this ruler came from and where he had gone.

structure

Fiedler writes that, from a purely dramaturgical point of view, the plot rests “firmly in itself” and justifies the assertion with outstanding structural elements:

1

Prospero's 14-year-old graceful daughter Pyrrha - called Yakka by the Indians - goes as a hunter with a bow and arrow on the snowy slope of the Fire Mountain and kills a condor . In the snow region, the girl faints after an image appears to her. Prospero, to whom the experience is reported, fears: "... the evil shadow is taking shape ..." It goes with this, Amaru, an Indian youth, the declared opponent of the crowned King Prospero in the play, reports that "strange sons of the sun" floated on the other Island side around. Amaru would like to slay Prospero with the club, but leaves it at an insult: "... blasphemers of the gods war, war, war!"

2

In fact, Prospero's almost 30-year-old son, Prince Ormann, was shipwrecked with three sailors and, unnoticed by Prospero, was able to land at the scene of the action, this "Devil's Rope". Ormann discovers a "ghost place ... built by human hands" while climbing the volcano, in which people were apparently sacrificed. During the further ascent he sees “a young woman with white skin” who kills that condor.

One of Ormann's small team succumbs to the exertions. The dying man visually expresses to his prince: “I see your father.” Ormann meets Amaru. The Indian suggests: "... join Amarus' vengeance with oaths and contracts." Both of them, of the same mind, join forces against Prospero, because Amaru "wants to push the horny son of a dog from the throne of the country." He means Ormann's father Prospero. During the coronation, the Indian high priest Oro had offered his virgin daughter Tehura to Prospero as a wife. However, the noble new husband Prospero, who had gratefully accepted, does not touch his second wife.

3

At the climax of the plot, the huntress Pyrrha is chased by the murder burner Amaru. Prospero throws down the royal crown. Amaru fails and is shackled by the men of the high priest Oro.

4th

Prospero tells Tehura the story of his expulsion, ten years ago. His own son pushed him from the throne.

The Indians now finally expect a human sacrifice from Prospero. The high priest Oro thinks that the priest-king will sacrifice his mortal enemy Ormann. Ormann is prepared for sacrifice by Indian priest boys. Error, the king sacrifices himself.

Ormann and Pyrrha, who do not recognize each other as siblings, confess their love to each other. Pyrrha calls the father a weakling who was rightly expelled from the world of whites. Ormann learns from Prospero in a letter: The father will sacrifice himself for the son.

5

Prospero climbs up to the edge of the volcanic crater. Ormann, the mother-murderer, calls himself a "miserable, accursed son" and hurries after; never wanted to have been the father's enemy. Pyrrha confesses to Tehura her love for the finally recognized brother. Pyrrha is ready for any crime, in this case incestuous .

Finally, Fiedler writes: "The fifth act is ... no longer necessary and looks like a lyrical-visionary culmination of the whole."

reception

  • February 1920, Hermann Stehr , to date Gerhart Hauptmann's friend, tore up the dramatic structure of the play.
  • November 1921 in the Lucerna Palace in Prague : Max Brod was impressed by the primal power of the reciter Gerhart Hauptmann.
  • 1952, Mayer emphasizes, Prospero “is ... the ruling philosopher from Plato's state philosophy .” “When Prospero's son is thrown onto the island, the types of the ruler and the ruling philosopher confront each other in father and son ... But Prospero's worldview remains unclear. Too many interlocking conflicting components has Hauptmann want to unite with each other here: Platonism and Buddhism , Christ image and Hölderlin shear humanism ... So a quantity moderate accumulation resulted instead of a truly creative unit ".
  • 1998, Marx remarks that Tehura bears traces of Goethe's Iphigenia and closes his review with a devastating judgment: In an effort to bring Shakespeare, Holderlin, Goethe and the Gospels of Christianity under one roof, Hauptmann's drama collapses.
  • 2012, Sprengel writes more cautiously on the same facts, the poet has grown over the head of his own creation.

literature

Book editions

First edition:
  • Indipohdi. Dramatic poem. S. Fischer, Berlin 1921
Output used:
  • Indipohdi. Dramatic poetry. P. 181–284 in Gerhart Hauptmann: Selected dramas in four volumes. Vol. 4,543 pages. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1952

Secondary literature

  • Gerhart Hauptmann: Selected dramas in four volumes. Vol. 1. With an introduction to the dramatic work of Gerhart Hauptmann by Hans Mayer . 692 pages. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1952
  • Indipohdi (dramatic poetry) pp. 13-20 in Ralph Fiedler (* 1926 in Berlin-Röntgen ): The late dramas of Gerhart Hauptmann. Attempt at an interpretation. 152 pages. Bergstadtverlag Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn , Munich 1954
  • Gerhard Stenzel (Ed.): Gerhart Hauptmann's works in two volumes. Volume II. 1072 pages. Verlag Das Bergland-Buch, Salzburg 1956 (thin print), pp. 821–822 table of contents
  • Friedhelm Marx : Gerhart Hauptmann . Reclam, Stuttgart 1998 (RUB 17608, Literature Studies series). 403 pages, ISBN 3-15-017608-5
  • Peter Sprengel : Gerhart Hauptmann. Bourgeoisie and big dream. A biography. 848 pages. CH Beck, Munich 2012 (1st edition), ISBN 978-3-406-64045-2

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marx, p. 197, 5. Zvo
  2. ^ Sprengel, p. 527, 7th Zvu
  3. ↑ Marx, p. 196 below
  4. ↑ Edition used, p. 217, 3rd Zvo
  5. ^ Fiedler, p. 13, 8. Zvo
  6. ^ Fiedler, p. 13, 16. Zvo
  7. ↑ Edition used, p. 273
  8. ^ Fiedler, p. 14, 3rd Zvu
  9. ↑ Edition used, p. 198, 4th Zvu
  10. ↑ Edition used, p. 199, 5. Zvo
  11. ↑ Edition used, p. 204, 10th Zvu
  12. ↑ Edition used, p. 227, 2nd Zvo
  13. ↑ Edition used, p. 230, 16. Zvu
  14. ↑ Edition used, p. 280, 7. Zvo
  15. ↑ Edition used, p. 280, middle
  16. ^ Fiedler, p. 14, 14th Zvu
  17. ^ Sprengel, p. 527, 3rd Zvu
  18. ^ Sprengel, p. 550 below
  19. ↑ Mayer, p. 75, 16. Zvu
  20. ↑ Mayer, p. 75, 13. Zvu to p. 76, 16. Zvo
  21. ^ Marx, p. 198, 17. Zvo
  22. ↑ Sprengel, p. 505, 20th Zvu
  23. ^ First edition S. Fischer, Berlin 1921