Eagle shield of the German Empire

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Max Liebermann with the eagle shield awarded to him by the Reich President Paul von Hindenburg

The eagle shield of the German Reich was a non-bearable decoration of the German Reich donated on November 15, 1922 under Reich President Friedrich Ebert . It was the highest honorary gift during the Weimar Republic , but it was also awarded during the Third Reich . A total of around 65 people were honored with the award of the eagle shield.

Awards in the Weimar Republic

Article 109, paragraph 3 of the Weimar Constitution provided: 'medals and decorations may not be awarded by the state. ", Voicing a religious prohibition from. In order to meet the constitutional need for symbolic honors, the eagle shield of the German Empire was designed as a gift of honor. It was a 108 mm large cast medal from bronze . The medal was mounted on a bronze base and on the back with an inscription tailored to the honored personalities. The eagle shield of the German Empire was designed by Josef Wackerle . The gift of honor was given to distinguished personalities from the fields of art, culture, the humanities and natural sciences and business.

This award was presented by handwriting from the respective Reich President . The Reich Ministry of the Interior decided on the honor at the suggestion of the Reichskunstwarts Edwin Redslob , who also supervised the artistic execution. According to Redslob, the shape of the eagle should give expression to the " imperial concept ". During the time of the Weimar Republic before 1933, the eagle shield of the German Reich was awarded to 20 people:

  1. Gerhart Hauptmann (November 15, 1922, 60th birthday)
  2. Paul Wagner (March 7, 1923, 80th birthday)
  3. Harry Plate (August 28, 1925, (after) 70th birthday)
  4. Emil Warburg (March 9, 1926, 80th birthday)
  5. Adolf von Harnack (May 7, 1926, 75th birthday)
  6. Max Liebermann (July 20, 1927, 80th birthday)
  7. Max Planck (April 23, 1928, 70th birthday)
  8. Hans Delbrück (November 11, 1928, 80th birthday)
  9. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (December 22, 1928, 80th birthday)
  10. Wilhelm Kahl (June 17, 1929, 80th birthday)
  11. Lujo Brentano (December 18, 1929, 85th birthday)
  12. Oskar von Miller (May 7, 1930, 75th birthday)
  13. Friedrich Schmidt-Ott (June 4, 1930, 70th birthday)
  14. Theodor Lewald (August 18, 1930, 70th birthday)
  15. Georg Dehio (November 22, 1930, 80th birthday)
  16. Robert Bosch (September 23, 1931, 70th birthday)
  17. Walter Simons (September 24, 1931, 70th birthday)
  18. Carl Duisberg (September 25, 1931, 70th birthday)
  19. Max Sering (January 18, 1932, 75th birthday)
  20. Ernst Brandes (March 11, 1932, 70th birthday)
  21. Adolph Goldschmidt (1933, 70th birthday)

Awards during National Socialism

Award of the eagle shield in 1943 to Wilhelm Kreis

The eagle shield of the German Empire was also awarded during the time of National Socialism . Up to January 1, 1943, the award was demonstrably awarded in 60 cases. From 1934 the eagle designed by Josef Wackerle was replaced by an imperial eagle, which corresponded more to the ideas of National Socialism. The reverse of the otherwise unchanged medal was marked with the individual inscription DER FÜHRER UND REICHSKANZLER and, from 1940, the inscription DER FÜHRER .

  1. Eduard Schwartz (August 22, 1933)
  2. Friedrich von Müller (September 17, 1933)
  3. Werner Körte (October 21, 1933)
  4. Wilhelm Dörpfeld (December 26, 1933)
  5. Hermann Stehr (February 16, 1934)
  6. Reinhold Seeberg (April 5, 1934)
  7. Hugo Hergesell (May 29, 1934)
  8. Richard Strauss (June 11, 1934)
  9. Adolf Schmidt (geophysicist) (July 23, 1934)
  10. Theodor Wiegand (October 30, 1934)
  11. Julius Friedrich Lehmann (November 28, 1934)
  12. Heinrich Finke (June 13, 1935)
  13. Ludwig Aschoff (January 10, 1936)
  14. Gustav Tammann (April 20, 1936)
  15. Ludolf von Krehl (June 25, 1936)
  16. Erich Marcks (November 17, 1936)
  17. August Bier (November 24, 1936)
  18. Wladimir Peter Köppen (March 28, 1937)
  19. Emil Kirdorf (April 8, 1937)
  20. Adolf Bartels (May 1, 1937)
  21. Bernhard Nocht (November 4, 1937)
  22. Alexander Koenig (February 20, 1938)
  23. Adalbert Czerny (March 25, 1938)
  24. Henry Ford (1938)
  25. Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (1938)
  26. Robert von Ostertag (April 20, 1939)
  27. Friedrich Karl Kleine (May 14, 1939)
  28. Albert Pietzsch (June 28, 1939)
  29. Heinrich Sohnrey (June 19, 1939)
  30. Julius Dorpmüller (July 24, 1939)
  31. Arthur Kampf (September 28, 1939)
  32. Karl Muck (October 22, 1939)
  33. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach (August 7, 1940)
  34. Paul Kehr (December 28, 1940)
  35. Heinrich Schnee (February 4, 1941)
  36. Albert Brackmann (June 24, 1941)
  37. Ernst Poensgen (October 17, 1941)
  38. Wilhelm Kreis (March 17, 1943)
  39. Gustav Bauer (October 1, 1944)
  40. Hermann Röchling (November 12, 1942)
  41. Alfred Hugenberg (March 3, 1943)
  42. Ernst Rüdin (April 19, 1944)
  43. Eugen Fischer (June 1944)
  44. Paul Schultze-Naumburg (June 10, 1944)

literature

Web links

Commons : Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Kauffmann:  Goldschmidt, Adolph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 614 ( digitized version ). Presumably awarded on January 15, 1933. The eagle shield for Goldschmidt is not listed in the lexicon of German-Jewish authors .