Erich Marcks (historian)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Erich Marcks (1907)

Erich Marcks (born November 17, 1861 in Magdeburg , † November 22, 1938 in Berlin ) was a German historian .

life and work

The son of the Protestant architects and government architect Albrecht Marcks († 1888) studied after visiting the Magdeburg Pedagogium the Monastery of Our love women from 1879 Ancient History , first in Strasbourg , then in Bonn and Berlin , u. a. with liberal teachers like Heinrich Nissen and Theodor Mommsen . 1884 Marcks doctorate at Nissen in Strasbourg on a theme from the Roman history ( The tradition of the Social War 91-89 BC ). Under the influence of Hermann Baumgarten and Heinrich von Treitschke , he oriented himself to modern and recent history and completed his habilitation in Berlin in 1887 under the latter on Caspar von Coligny and the murder of Franz von Guise , supplemented by the essays he had previously submitted.

In 1892, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg appointed Marcks full professor. Further stations in his academic career were professorships in Leipzig in 1894, Heidelberg in 1901, Hamburg in 1907, the USA , where he was a visiting professor in 1912, and from 1913 in Munich . In 1922 he was called to Berlin , where he taught until his retirement in 1928.

From his time in Leipzig, Marcks was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences from 1898 . From 1898 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and, during his activity in Munich from 1913 to 1922, a full member, and from 1923 President of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . From 1922 he was a full member of the Prussian , in 1936 he became a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences . From 1902 to 1903 he was chairman of the German Association of Historians . In 1900 he received the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Royal Saxon Order of Merit , in 1903 the Knight's Cross 1st Class with Oak Leaves of the Baden Order of the Zähringer Löwen .

From 1910 Marcks was co-editor of the historical magazine alongside his friend Friedrich Meinecke , with whom he was also appointed " Historiographer of the Prussian State " in 1922.

As a new Rankean, Marcks was an avowed supporter of the "objectified" historiography of Leopold von Rankes , but under the influence of Treitschke he developed into one of the leading representatives of a nationalist, politicized historical science . His main work, which was shaped by this, was a two-volume biography by Otto von Bismarck (published in 1909 and 1915), which was very influential at the time and celebrated the first Reich Chancellor as the completion of German history and with which Marcks showed himself to be the herald of the authoritarian power state.

Marcks viewed the “ Third Reich ” as a contemporary re-establishment of the Bismarck Reich, and so in 1935 he became an honorary member of Walter Frank's National Socialist “ Reich Institute for the History of the New Germany ”. In addition, he was honored in 1936 with the eagle shield of the German Empire , the highest civil honor of the German Empire donated during the Weimar Republic .

Marck's marriage to Friederike von Sellin (* 1865), which he entered into in 1889, gave birth to the three sons Albert, who died in World War I in 1914 , Erich , who later became General, and Otto. The daughter Gertrud (Gerta) married Marcks' pupil Willy Andreas . A cousin of Erich Marcks was the sculptor and graphic artist Gerhard Marcks .

Erich Marcks died just a few days after his 77th birthday on November 22, 1938 in Berlin. His grave in the Heerstraße cemetery in Berlin-Westend (field 8B-35/36) was cleared after 2005.

Fonts (selection)

  • The tradition of the Confederate War 91-89 BC Chr. Elwert, Marburg 1884 (dissertation University of Strasbourg 1884, 92 pages).
  • Gaspard from Coligny. His life and the France of his time . Stuttgart 1892.
  • Kaiser Wilhelm I. Leipzig 1897, 9th edition 1943.
  • Queen Elizabeth of England and her time . Bielefeld 1897.
  • The Bayonne Gathering. French state life and Spain in the years 1563–1567 . Strasbourg 1898.
  • Bismarck. A biography . First volume: Bismarck's youth 1815–1848 . Stuttgart 1909.
  • Men and times. Essays and speeches on recent history . 2 volumes. Leipzig 1911, 7th edition 1941.
  • Otto von Bismarck - a picture of life . Stuttgart 1915, 28th edition 1935.
  • History and present. 5 historical-political speeches . Stuttgart 1925.
  • (Co-edit. :) The age of religious upheaval. Reformation and Counter Reformation. 1550–1660 (= Propylaea World History . Volume 5), Berlin 1930.
  • The rise of the empire. German history from 1807–1871 / 78 . 2 volumes. Volume 1: The preliminary stages . Volume 2: Bismarck . German publishing house, Stuttgart 1936.
  • Bismarck and the German Revolution 1848–1851. From the estate, ed. and introduced by Willy Andreas. German publishing house, Stuttgart 1939.
  • England's power politics. Lectures and studies. New ed. and introduced by Willy Andreas. German publishing house, Stuttgart 1940.

literature

  • Willy Andreas : Erich Marcks. A tribute to his 100th birthday . In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 44, 1962, pp. 27–33.
  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1803-1932. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-540-15856-1 , p. 171.
  • Peter Fuchs:  Marcks, Erich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , pp. 122-125 ( digitized version ).
  • Otto Jacobsen: Erich Marcks. Soldier and scholar . Musterschmidt, Göttingen / Frankfurt 1971, ISBN 3-7881-1653-6 .
  • Hans-Heinz Krill: The tendril renaissance. Max Lenz and Erich Marcks. A contribution to historical-political thinking in Germany 1880-1935 (= publications of the Berlin Historical Commission at the Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin , 3). De Gruyter, Berlin 1962.
  • Jens Nordalm: Historicism and the modern world. Erich Marcks (1861–1938) in German history (= historical research , 76). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-10999-6 .
  • Karl Stählin : Erich Marcks in memory. In: Historische Zeitschrift , 160, 1939, pp. 496-533.
  • Wolfgang Weber : Biographical lexicon for historical studies in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The chair holders for history from the beginnings of the subject until 1970. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8005-6 , pp. 363-364.

Web links

Wikisource: Erich Marcks  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Membership directory of the academy .
  2. ^ Membership directory of the academy .
  3. ↑ Marcks, Erich . In: Werner Hartkopf: The Berlin Academy of Sciences. Its members and award winners 1700–1990. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-05-002153-5 , p. 230 f.
  4. ↑ Alexander Schmid-Gernig: Historians Gallery of the Institute for Historical Studies: Erich Marcks (1861–1938) ( Memento of November 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Humboldt University Berlin, November 10, 1997.
  5. ↑ Erich Marcks' medal carried the text: "The deserved German historian". Wolfgang Steguweit: The "Eagle Shield of the German Empire" . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 6, 2000, ISSN  0944-5560 , p. 186 ( luise-berlin.de ).
  6. ↑ Herrmann AL Degener (Ed.): Who is it? Our contemporaries . 10th edition. 1935.
  7. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin tombs . Haude and Spener, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-7759-0476-X . S. 198. Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial sites . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 491.
personal data
SURNAME Marcks, Erich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH November 17, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1938
Place of death Berlin