Gustav Tammann (chemist)

Gustav Tammann, 1913

Göttingen memorial plaque for Gustav Tammann

Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann (* 16 May ^July / 28 May  1861 ^greg. In Jamburg (since 1922 Kingissepp , southwest of St. Petersburg , Russia , near the border with Estonia ); † December 17, 1938 in Göttingen ) a German-Baltic chemist .

Life

Tammann was the son of a doctor. He studied chemistry in Dorpat (now Tartu , Estonia ) and became a lecturer in 1889. In 1890 he received his doctorate there with a thesis on the metamerism of metaphosphates . In 1892 Tammann became an associate professor and in 1894 a full professor in Dorpat.

In 1903, Tammann was appointed director of the newly founded Institute for Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Göttingen . In 1907/1908 he became director of the Institute for Physical Chemistry as the successor to Walther Nernst and Friedrich Dolezalek (until 1929). In 1910 he was elected a full member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and in 1919 a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Since 1912 he was a corresponding and since 1927 honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

In 1925 Gustav Tammann received the Liebig Medal from the Association of German Chemists . In 1926 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Dresden University of Technology . On his 75th birthday on May 28, 1936, Tammann was honored with the eagle shield of the German Empire (dedication: the old master of German metallurgy). In 1936 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

His students included William Minot Guertler and the Japanese metallurgist Kōtarō Honda .

His son Heinrich Tammann (1894–1946) was a doctor, his grandson was the astronomer Gustav Andreas Tammann (1932–2019).

Services

He was particularly interested in the physics and physical chemistry of metals , and he is considered the founder of modern metallurgy . He wrote important works on intermediate compounds, especially intermetallic compounds, as well as on crystallization and melting processes. The "Tammann rules" and "Tammann temperatures" via self-diffusion processes in crystals and the "Tammann equation" are named after him. He developed the "Tammann furnace" with resistance heating to generate temperatures of up to 3000 degrees Celsius. He is considered to be the founder of modern metallography and thermal analysis. His publications include a “Textbook of Metallography” (1914, 4th edition 1932 under the title “Textbook of Metallography”) and the monograph “The State of Glass” (1933).

see also: Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation

aftermath

The German Society for Material Science (DGM) awards the Tammann commemorative coin, which is awarded to members of the DGM for setting up or leading scientific and technical working groups with which they have creatively implemented their own research or development concepts. The Faculty of Chemistry at the University of Göttingen awards the Gustav Tammann Prize for the best master's thesis of the year. In addition, the Tammann Peaks in Antarctica are named after him.

Web links

Commons : Gustav Tammann  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Gustav Tammann in the catalog of the German National Library
• Literature by and about Gustav Tammann (chemist) in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Anton Lerf:  Tammann, Gustav. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-428-11206-7 , p. 772 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Gustav Tammann. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
• Album academicum of the Imperial University of Dorpat , Dorpat 1889
• Original dissertation
• Gustav Tammann (English)
• Günther Beer: Museum letter No. 24. Museum der Göttinger Chemie, 2005, accessed on September 16, 2018 .  (pdf)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 238.
2. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 25, 2015 (Russian). 
3. ↑ Honorary doctoral students of the TH / TU Dresden. Technical University of Dresden, accessed on January 29, 2015 . 
4. ↑ Member entry of Gustav Tammann at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 14, 2015.
5. ↑ This is the temperature at which the characteristic coloration of crystals irreversibly disappears when slowly heating up.
6. ↑ Tammann commemorative coin. (No longer available online.) German Society for Material Science, archived from the original on November 28, 2015 ; accessed on January 29, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.