August beer

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August beer, 1908

August Bier (born November 24, 1861 in Helsen , Waldeck , † March 12, 1949 in Berlin ) was a German surgeon and university professor. He was also an important forester.

Life

August Bier’s father was the geometer Theodor Bier. In 1881 Bier passed his Abitur at the old state school in Korbach . From 1881 to 1886 he studied human medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin , the University of Leipzig and the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel . After graduating and working as a medical assistant , he first practiced as a country doctor. He came to Central and South America as a ship's doctor .

Kiel

In the three emperor year 1888 he went as an assistant to the Kiel surgery under Friedrich von Esmarch . He completed his habilitation in 1889, at the age of 28. In 1894 he became an associate professor . In Kiel he began his attempts at local anesthesia with an injection of cocaine into the spinal canal . In August 1898, he and his assistant August Hildebrandt performed each other's spinal anesthesia with 0.5 percent cocaine solution via a lumbar puncture, as Quincke had described in 1891. By injecting cocaine, "a strong blow with an iron hammer against the shin [and] strong pushing and pulling on the testicle" was no longer perceived as painful. As a result, both of them developed a very pronounced post-spinal headache with nausea and vomiting. The American James Leonard Corning had already made similar attempts in 1885 and injected cocaine into structures near the spinal cord. Whether spinal anesthesia was successful or whether the substances were only applied to the ligamentous structures or whether the first epidural anesthesia was (accidentally) successful is a matter of dispute . Following the publication of August Bier, controversy arose over the first successful anesthetic procedure of its kind, which both Bier and Corning claimed for themselves. As a result, Bier fell out with his assistant Hildebrandt, who was dissatisfied because Bier had not listed him as a co-author. In the 21st century, Corning is credited with creating the experimental and theoretical prerequisites for spinal anesthesia, while Bier is responsible for the successful application and subsequent establishment of the method in the clinic.

Chairs

In 1899, just appointed to the Royal University of Greifswald , Bier appendectomized the young Hansjoachim von Rohr - with Mamsell as an assistant on the kitchen table at Gutshof Demmin .

In 1903 he changed to the chair of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität . August Bier operated in the St. Johannes Hospital because Bonn University did not yet have its own operating theater .

In 1907 he took over the directorate of the surgical university clinic in Ziegelstrasse in the capital of Berlin. During the First World War , Bier was a Marine General Consultant Surgeon of the XVIII. Army Corps . His many hospital visits led him to develop the German M1916 steel helmet , which quickly caught on and protected many soldiers from severe head injuries. Beer invented a cupping head that no longer created negative pressure by heating and cooling, but with a suction bell. In the Weimar Republic , beer was involved in therapeutic gymnastics and sport . He also dealt with homeopathy and the soul . In 1920 he was appointed as the first director of the University for Physical Education in Berlin. Carl Diem , whom he became a Dr. hc med. had helped at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität , became his deputy. Beer operated among others the politicians Hugo Stinnes (1924) and Friedrich Ebert (1925). From 1930 until his retirement in 1932, Bier was chairman of the Berlin Surgical Society .

emeritus

In addition to his medical practice gained beer forestry historical significance by silvicultural work on his Waldgut sows in Beeskow in Brandenburg . In 1912, Bier fulfilled his wish to design in the forest by purchasing the 500 hectare property, which he later expanded to 800 hectares. He succeeded in converting the run-down pine heather there into a mixed forest suitable for the location . In order to achieve this, he gave up the previous pine tree management and brought deciduous trees such as sessile oak , red beech , sycamore maple and linden , but also spruce and Douglas fir into these monocultures . This resulted in a harmoniously composed mixed stand of hardwood and coniferous wood with shrubs and ground plants. The construction of forest coats , the "warm rock of the forest" , was also essential to him . This forest conversion , which resulted from many different individual steps and experiments, aroused a lot of attention in forestry circles, like the “ Bärenthorener Kiefernwirtschaft ” developed by Friedrich von Kalitsch , and the Sauen estate developed into a point of attraction for numerous visitors. In his function as forester, Bier was also a member of the board of trustees of the Fürst Donnersmarck Foundation from 1931 to 1948 , which was supposed to draw its current expenses from the management of the Frohnau Forest.

Retired in 1932, Bier was close to National Socialism in the last years of his life . On the 3rd / 4th In April 1932 he published an appeal for the National Socialist German Workers' Party in the Völkischer Beobachter . His highest honor Got Beer 1937. When Nazi Party was him and Ferdinand Sauerbruch endowed with 100,000 Reichsmark German National Prize for Art and Science awarded the a "substitute" for the loud Regulation Nobel Prize should represent. On August 18, 1942, Adolf Hitler appointed him extraordinary member of the scientific senate of the military medical services. Bier was also an associate editor of MMW Advances in Medicine .

In 1951 Bier's book Das Leben was published by JF Lehmann in Munich.

August Bier died at the age of 87 and found his final resting place in his forest in Sauen. Bier's daughter Christa von Winning (1912–2012) also had a passion for forestry. She founded the much acclaimed Arboretum Melzingen in the Lüneburg Heath. His grandson Jürgen Bier was an oral surgeon and full professor at the Free University of Berlin .

Honors

Anna and August Biers grave in Sauen

Foundation for Ecology and Medicine

In the 1990s, Biers Erben and the European Society of August Bier für Ökologie und Medizin e. V. the August Bier Foundation for Ecology and Medicine . She has been managing the preserved forest in Sauen since 1994. The foundation has set up an audio path through the forest and, since December 2009, a small information center.

literature

  • Misia Sophia Doms: August Bier's essay “How should we face homeopathy?” And the following discussion about homeopathy in the German medical profession. In: Medicine, Society and History 23 (2005), pp. 243–282.
  • Albrecht Milnik : August beer . In: Albrecht Milnik (ed.): In the service of the forest - life paths and achievements of Brandenburg forest people. Brandenburg pictures of life . Verlag Kessel, Remagen-Oberwinter 2006, ISBN 3-935638-79-5 , pp. 262-264.
  • Martin Müller:  Beer, August. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 230 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • H. Pagel: The eventful life of August beer . FOCUS MUL 22, Heft 2 (2005), p. 5. (Journal of the University of Lübeck)
  • G. Riehl: On the 100th birthday of Privy Councilor Professor August Bier . In: Forest Archive . 32nd year, issue 12/1961, pp. 247–248.
  • Reto U. Schneider : Eisenhammer against Schienbein , NZZ Folio 6/2003.
  • Manfred Stürzbecher : Beer, August. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 176.
  • Karl Vogeler : August Bier - Life and Work . JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich / Berlin 1941.

Movie

  • August beer. The surgeon who planted trees. Documentary by Alma Barkey. 50 min. Alma Barkey 2009 film.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Habilitation thesis: About circular gut suture .
  2. ↑ August Bier: Experiments on the cocainization of the spinal cord. In: German journal for surgery. Volume 51, 1899, pp. 361-368.
  3. ↑ a b Peter Oehme and M. Goering: Spinal cord anesthesia with cocaine: The priority controversy on lumbar anesthesia. Dtsch Arztebl 1998; 95 (41): A-2556-8.
  4. ^ JL Corning: Spinal anesthesia and local medication of the cord . New York State Med J 42 (1885), p. 483
  5. ^ HC von Rohr: A Conservative Fighter. The Nazi opponent and agricultural politician Hansjoachim von Rohr . Hohenheim Verlag, Stuttgart and Leipzig 2010, p. 9 f.
  6. ↑ Homeopathy and Biochemistry. Debate in the Association for Internal Medicine . In: Vossische Zeitung , June 30, 1925, evening edition, p. 2.
  7. ↑ August Bier: The soul. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich / Berlin 1939
  8. ↑ a b August Bier Foundation (accessed on August 30, 2013)
  9. ↑ D. Barley: When the abdominal cavity was opened, a copious amount of exudate flowed off. In: Doctors newspaper. Retrieved February 28, 2005, and saved as a memento on April 17, 2020.
  10. ↑ H. Krauss: August Bier as a bionom thinker, doctor and forester on his 125th birthday , medical journal for naturopathic treatment, issue 11/1986, pp. 721–724
  11. ↑ G. Riehl: the 100th birthday of Privy Councilor Professor August Bier , Forstarchiv , Issue 12/1961, pp 247-248
  12. ^ Sebastian Weinert: 100 Years of the Fürst Donnersmarck Foundation 1916–2016. Berlin 2016. p. 49.
  13. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 49.
  14. ^ Albrecht Milnik: August Bier , in: In the service of the forest - life paths and achievements of Brandenburg forest people. Brandenburg pictures of life . Kessel, Remagen-Oberwinter 2006, p. 263
  15. ↑ Ranking list of the Imperial German Navy for the year 1918 , Ed .: Marine-Kabinett, Mittler & Sohn Verlag, Berlin 1918, p. 132
  16. ↑ Antje Scherer: With the travel guide in the ear into nature . Märkische Oderzeitung , May 17, 2010, p. 12
personal data
SURNAME Beer, August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Beer, August Karl Gustav (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German surgeon and university professor; Medical officer and forester
DATE OF BIRTH November 24, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH Helsen , North Hesse
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1949
Place of death Berlin