Peter Oehme (doctor)

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Peter Oehme during his years at the Institute for Drug Research

Peter Oehme (born  June 5, 1937 in Leipzig ) is a German doctor and pharmacologist . From 1976 to 1991 he was director of the Institute for Active Substance Research at the Academy of Sciences of the GDR in Berlin, which he founded . The focus of his work was the neuropeptide substance P and its importance for adaptation processes and stress .

Childhood and youth

Peter Oehme started school in the 49th elementary school in Leipzig-Schleußig, Rödelstraße 6; Today: Schule am Auwald (founded in 1908, here renovation started in 2018)
Former New High School in Berlin-Pankow, where Peter Oehme graduated from high school in 1955; now used elsewhere (2004)

Peter Oehme was the only child of the master mechanic Albert Oehme (1907–1992) and his wife Ruth Oehme , b. Lemser (1910–1995) born in Leipzig. There he started school in the 49th elementary school in 1943, today's "Schule am Auwald" in Leipzig-Schleußig . After the heavy bombing in late 1943 and early 1944, he was evacuated to the village of Börln west of the Elbe town of Torgau , after which he attended the New Nikolaischule in Leipzig-Stötteritz .

In 1950 the family moved to Berlin , where Peter Oehme attended the Friedrich List Oberschule (now part of the Max Delbrück Gymnasium) in Berlin-Pankow . After the 10th grade, he switched to the New High School , also in Berlin-Pankow, where he passed his Abitur in 1955 . This school is now used for other purposes. His class teacher at the time, Siegfried Radlach , who taught chemistry and biology , significantly influenced his later career choice. With Radlach, who moved to West Berlin in 1956 and was later involved in the Board of Trustees of Indivisible Germany , closer contacts existed again after German reunification.

After graduating from high school, Peter Oehme began studying human medicine at the Humboldt University in Berlin (HUB) in 1955 . In 1960, he put the medical state examination at the Charité in Berlin from 1962 took place here his promotion to Doctor of Medicine (MD.).

At the Charité

Pharmacological Institute of the Humboldt University, at the time of Peter Oehme in what was then Clara-Zetkin-Straße, today Dorotheenstraße

In 1961 Peter Oehme started first as a compulsory assistant and then as an assistant in the Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology at the HUB.

The director of the institute was the pharmacologist Friedrich Jung . At the same time he headed the Pharmacological Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin-Buch. In both institutes, peptide research , which is just beginning, was a focus. For Peter Oehme, peptide research became his scientific field of work in the following years. He expanded the neuropharmacological studies on hydrazino acids and hydrazinopeptides. These also formed the basis of his habilitation in 1967 at the Berlin Charité .

Peter Oehme was also active in teaching, in 1963 he and Else Ackermann took over the lecture on "Drug Prescription Theory". In 1966 he was given the teaching assignment for the lecture "Clinical Pharmacology". At that point in time, there was no such subject or lecture at the Charité. In 1968 he was appointed part-time lecturer at the HUB. A number of publications on clinical-pharmacological topics resulted from this period.

In 1963 Peter Oehme came into contact with the popular science writer Bernt Karger-Decker . Two books were written with him: Poisons, Witch's Ointments, Love Potions and The Reach for the Brain . These books were published in 1966 and 1972 by Koehler and Amelang Verlag in Leipzig.

In addition, from 1966 Peter Oehme took on tasks at the Pharmacological Institute in Berlin-Buch. There, Friedrich Jung made him head of the “Special Pharmacology” working group in 1966. In 1968 he was appointed Deputy Director of the Academy Institute. This started a relocation of his place of work from the Charité to the medical campus in Berlin-Buch.

On the academy campus in Berlin-Buch

Immediately after starting this activity in 1968, Oehme declared to the Buch directorate that he was ready to form a working group of younger, committed Buch scientists to develop a concept for the future profile of the Bucher institutes. The “Hullerbusch Concept” created by the group was then incorporated into the beginning reform of the academy. During the reform of the academy , Peter Oehme temporarily took on leadership roles in the formation of the Research Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine (FZMM) from 1969 to 1972. In 1969 Oehme became a member of the SED , he had no party functions.

There was a bitter disappointment for Oehme due to a measure taken by the academy management at the time. In July 1971, the President of the Academy, Hermann Klare, set up a working group to investigate the management activities of the Research Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine (FZMM), which is currently being established. This also applied to his tasks in the management of the FZMM, in addition to his scientific work. The working group came to the fundamental conclusion that responsibility for a research group and management responsibility at the same time are not compatible. This led to his decision to go to science, so Oehme asked to be dismissed from his management position and continued his research group. He remained true to this credo and always refused later offered higher management positions in the academy and in the Ministry of Health.

The problems in Berlin-Buch, especially the critical spatial situation, led to considerations for a change of location. A solution was found in Berlin-Friedrichsfelde , about 30 km away , a part of the Berlin-Lichtenberg district . The Academy Institute for Comparative Pathology, which was being "wound up", existed there. The density of occupancy in the laboratory rooms was low and offered good opportunities for further use. After a consultation by Peter Oehme with the employees of the pharmacological institute, most of them decided to move to Friedrichsfelde. In June 1971 the Buch pharmacologists and peptide chemists “moved out”.

At the Institute for Drug Research (IWF)

Main laboratory building of the IWF founded by Peter Oehme in Berlin-Friedrichsfelde
Peter Oehme (left) together with the discoverer of substance P, Nobel laureate Ulf von Euler , at the Nobel symposium on substance P in Stockholm (1976)
Peter Oehme presented on the III. The IMF's symposium on active ingredients in Berlin on the subject of “Peptides and Adaptation”, the “Karl Lohmann Memorial Medal” to Detlev Ganten (Heidelberg) and Oleg Gomazkov (Moscow)

Since 1971, new and modern work directions have been established on the Friedrichsfeld academy site. This included theoretical molecular pharmacology ( Rainer Franke ) and modern cell cultivation and cell pharmacology ( Klaus-Dieter Jentzsch ). The peptide synthesis was expanded to an active substance synthesis with additional biopharmaceutical and organic-synthetic work ( Hartmut Niedrich , Burkhard Mehlis , Michael Bienert ). The pharmacological work profile was also enriched by new areas from CNS, cardiovascular and regulatory pharmacology ( Elfriede Scheer , Hans Löwe , Jutta Bergmann , Peter Oehme ). Later, an immune pharmacology was set up ( Heinrich Repke ).

This laid the foundation for an interdisciplinary institute for drug research (IWF) of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (AdW). The IWF was officially founded in early 1976. Peter Oehme was appointed founding director and also headed a research department.

Later a development / technical center (Klaus-Dieter Kaufmann) was set up and a small clinical-pharmacological group (Hellmut Landmann, Klaus Janowski) was set up in cooperation with the nearby Wilhelm-Griesinger Hospital .

An institute for pharmacological research of the Pharmacological Combine Germed (IPhF) was also set up on the academy premises under the direction of the pharmacologist and young student Erhard Göres . A close cooperation developed between the IMF and the IPhF in a so-called Academy-Industry-Complex (AIK), which was pioneering work at the time.

The focus at the IMF was neuropeptide research . This particularly concerned the work on the neuropeptide substance P (SP). For this purpose, SP research at the IWF was subsequently expanded to include interdisciplinary approaches - from peptide synthesis to pharmacology. Together with the Berlin pathophysiologist Karl Hecht , most recently at the Berlin Charité, an anti-stress effect was described for SP . The mechanism of action was investigated and a general model for the adaptive effect of regulatory peptides ( regulides ) was developed.

These basic results were further investigated with cooperation partners in clinical-experimental work on patients with sleep disorders , hypertension and bronchial hyperreactivity (Karl Hecht, Hans-Dieter Faulhaber, Walter Schilling and others). In addition, SP was involved in the preparation of primates for biosatellites , together with Karl Hecht and the Moscow Institute for Medico-Biological Problems in Space . For many years, Peter Oehme was co-organizer of the international SP symposia .

The events of the turning point hit the IMF in a situation of increasing material and technical difficulties, but the institute had good scientific results and viable concepts. The institute faced the democratic renewal processes. For example, the institute's director was given a vote of confidence at a general meeting of scientists in April 1990 . At the same time, he was elected by the representatives of the bioscientific and biomedical academy institutes as a representative (speaker) and thus a participant in the “Round Table of the Academy”.

In 1990 Peter Oehme was elected as a full member of the GDR Academy of Sciences. In the same year, German reunification took place , and preparations began for the evaluation of the institute in accordance with Article 38 of the Unification Treaty .

In 1979, during the time of the IMF, he married again with Bärbel Oehme , b. Hartig (* 1947). The Oehme couple have a son and a daughter and two grandchildren.

Turning and post-turning times

On December 15, 1990, the evaluation of the IMF was carried out and the result communicated by the commission: "The institute is recommended for continuation". In the later written statement of the Science Council it says u. a. that "... this institute is a successful example of interdisciplinary research ..." It also says "... In principle, the existing research directions should be continued ..." Finally, the recommendation was made to turn it into a facility for molecular pharmacology to found, which orients its work on adaptation processes with the long-term goal of "addiction research".

But like all other academy institutes, the IMF was "wound up" at the end of 1991. For all IMF employees, the employment relationships ended on December 31, 1991; they had to reapply, but mostly only received temporary employment contracts. Oehme successfully applied to head an independent research group in the newly formed Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP). He continued his work on the mechanism of action of substance P with his research group “Peptiderge Regulation / Adaptation Pharmacology”. In collaboration with Bruce Livett's group ( Melbourne ), the modulatory effect of SP was investigated on isolated chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla . Peter Oehme was also co-organizer of the international Substance P symposia in Florence 1995 and Cairns 1997. He has given lectures in Italy , Japan , the Netherlands , Russia , Sweden , Australia and Switzerland .

Peter Oehme also returned to his apprenticeship . In 1993 he took over the facultative series of lectures "Addiction behavior - theoretical foundations, practical consequences" at the University of Potsdam . He also received a similar teaching position at the medical faculty of the HUB.

In the German Association of Civil Servants , he was involved for many years as chairman or deputy chairman of the Berlin Academic Association (BRH Berlin) for a performance-based pension scheme for academics who were accepted into the public service.

Back at the Berlin-Buch Medical Campus

Peter Oehme on the occasion of his 65th birthday in front of the new building of the FMP (from left to right Bärbel Oehme, John C. Foreman, Peter Oehme, Bruce Livett, Diana Livett); 2002

In the research institute FMP, which was founded in 1992, a complicated situation arose due to three changes of director. Thanks to the commitment of the former IWF employees, especially Michael Bienert , and with the support of the Berlin Research Association, this difficult time was overcome. The fourth FMP founding director was the Gießen pharmacologist Walter Rosenthal (* 1954); only under his leadership did stable development begin. The new institute building on the Berlin-Buch medical campus became a reality; in 2000, a modern, well-equipped new building was moved into in Berlin-Buch . For a large part of the former IMF employees, this closed a historical circle in a positive sense.

Peter Oehme with Helena Rasková on a visit to Prague (2007)

Two years later it was Peter Oehme's 65th birthday. On this occasion, a scientific symposium was held on June 14, 2002 at the FMP. As speakers and participants, this event brought together numerous specialist colleagues from home and abroad with whom he had worked in his academic career. So u. a .: Oleg Gomazkov (Moscow), John C. Foreman (London), Bruce G. Livett (Melbourne), Michael Bienert (Berlin). William A. Krivoy (Lexington, USA) - a friend and helper in difficult times - had died in 1993. During the official part of the ceremony with speeches by Walter Rosenthal (director FMP) and Ganten (Foundation Board of the "Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine" MDC) appeared as a surprise guest who befriended Prague pharmacologist and former director of the local Pharmacological Institute Helena Rašková with Son and grandson .

After this official departure from the FMP, Peter Oehme continued to work in an advisory capacity in the pharmaceutical industry. He also continued his medical history work, u. a. to Louis Lewin , Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge , Jan Evangelista Purkinje , August Bier and Oscar Liebreich .

In 2009 Walter Rosenthal left the FMP directorate and took over the management of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) . Therefore, from 2010 to 2013, Oehme took on consulting tasks at the FMP together with Matthias Bräutigam from the West Berlin School of Pharmacology and most recently a senior employee at Schering / Bayer AG .

2017 was the 25th annual meeting of the institutes newly formed after German reunification. On this occasion, a scientific symposium and a festive event took place at the Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) at the beginning of June , at which the former FMP director Walter Rosenthal gave the main lecture. Peter Oehme as director of the FMP predecessor institute was invited to this anniversary event, and he was congratulated by the incumbent FMP director Dorothea Fiedler on his imminent 80th birthday as the “grandfather of the institute”.

Peter Oehme at the poster discussion 2017 in Schloss Biesdorf

On the occasion of the 80th birthday of Peter Oehme, a scientific event with the topic “Historical and current information on drug research” took place in Biesdorf Palace in Berlin in October 2017 . The symposium was organized by the Leibniz Society in cooperation with the Foundation East-West Meeting Place Schloss Biesdorf e. V. and with the support of BBB Management GmbH Campus Berlin-Buch , the Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry and the Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) . The main lecture was given by Wolf-Dieter Ludwig as chairman of the Drugs Commission of the German Medical Association (AkdÄ) on the subject of "Development of new active ingredients: How do we define innovations and recognize substantial progress".

In the other lectures, posters and in the discussion, current and historical issues were combined. In this sense, the posters from the FMP showed both interesting current research results from the FMP and the roots in the IMF.

Scientific work

Peter Oehme's research focused on the fundamentals of stress behavior , the relationships between stress and addiction and, in particular, the function of the neuropeptide substance P in the stress response and adaptation of the body .

Oehme published more than 400 publications, monographs and monographs as first or co-author. These can be assigned to the following focal points:

  • Neuropharmacology,
  • Peptide research,
  • Clinical pharmacology,
  • Experimental pharmacology,
  • Drug research,
  • Addiction research including opioids and
  • History of science.

A compilation of his work up to 2006 can be found in his autobiography.

He was the editor (together with Erhard Göres and Hans Löwe ) of more than 40 titles in the series "Contributions to drug research". Oehme gave more than 500 lectures as an author or co-author; more than half of them in an international context. He stayed at guest lectures a . a. in Japan, the Soviet Union, Norway, Sweden and Great Britain.

Memberships, honors and awards (selection)

  • 1971 Leibniz Medal of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin (DAW) for the results in the field of circulatory active peptides (in a collective)
  • Elected in 1985 as a corresponding member and in 1990 as a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR
  • 1985–1990 President of the Society for Experimental Medicine of the GDR
  • 1988 National Prize of the GDR 2nd class for science and technology on the topic: Synthesis of biologically active peptides and the elucidation of their regulative properties as a basis for the development of new drugs (in a collective)
  • 1988–1992 Foreign member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Soviet Union
  • since 1992 member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Russia
  • Elected in 2001 as a member of the learned society Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin
  • 2014 Foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences added
  • 2017 Golden Doctorate and Golden Habilitation from the Charité in Berlin.

Publications

  • Theoretical aspects of drug research - mechanisms of action of pharmaceuticals and structure-activity relationships. Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin 1978.
  • Substance P - selected problems of chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology and pathophysiology. (= Contributions to drug research. Volume 12). Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin 1981.
  • as co-author: Substance P - Metabolism and Biological Actions. Taylor & Francis, London / Philadelphia 1985.
  • as co-author: Between medicine and society. On the life and work of Friedrich Jung. (= Essays of the Leibniz Society. Volume 8). trafo-Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2002.
  • Five decades of research and teaching in pharmacology. Experienced and lived in science. trafo Verlag Dr. Wolfgang Weist, Berlin 2006 (autobiography).
  • Peter Oehme, Silke Oßwald: Report on the Leibniz Forum "Possibilities, limits and perspectives of individualized medicine using the example of oncology" (keynote lecture by Wolf-Dieter Ludwig on the topic "Individualized medicine between promise and reality"). March 10, 2016 in Berlin ( [2] ).
  • Oscar Liebreich and his chloral hydrate . Milestones in pharmacology in Berlin. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, Volume 159, January 24, 2019, No. 4, pp. 56–59.
  • A passionate toxicologist - the life and work of Louis Lewin . Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, Volume 159, November 28, 2019, No. 48, pp. 68–70.

literature

  • Oehme, Peter . In: Werner Hartkopf:The Berlin Academy of Sciences. Its members and award winners 1700–1990. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1992,ISBN 3-05-002153-5, p. 265 f.
  • Peter Oehme, Ulrich Scheller, Klaus Hauptmann, Gerhard Banse (eds.): Twice 30 years of science - in turbulent times. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of German unity. On behalf of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin and Campus Berlin-Buch GmbH with the support of the Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry; Foundation East-West Meeting Place Schloss Biesdorf, Berlin 2020.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Dirk Hanschke: "Our school has two points ..." Story (s) of a Schleußiger school. Typesetting and layout: N. Rüffer, printing: Messedruck Leipzig GmbH 2008.
  2. ^ Mathias Orbeck: Magnet for many Schleußiger. The educational establishment celebrates its 100th birthday and is now called "Schule am Auwald". In: Leipziger Volkszeitung. April 16, 2008.
  3. P. Oehme: Five decades of research and teaching in pharmacology. Experienced and lived in science. trafo Verlag Dr. Wolfgang Weist, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89626-582-2 , pp. 17-19.
  4. P. Oehme: Five decades of research and teaching in pharmacology. trafo Verlag Dr. Wolfgang Weist, Berlin 2006, p. 27.
  5. W. Scheler, P. Oehme: Between medicine and society. On the life and work of Friedrich Jung. (= Treatises of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin. Volume 8). trafo Verlag, Berlin, 2002.
  6. P. Oehme, W. Scheler: Friedrich Karl Jung - scientific biography. In: A. Philippu (ed.): History and work of the pharmacological, clinical-pharmacological and toxicological institutes in German-speaking countries. Volume V: Autobiographies II and Selected Biographies. Berenkamp Verlag, 2017, pp. 261–264.
  7. P. Oehme: The work of Friedrich Jung in the Berlin pharmacology. In: J. Gross, G. Jacobasch , P. Oehme (eds.): Meeting reports of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin. Volume 123/124, trafo Verlag, Berlin 2015, pp. 29–44.
  8. P. Oehme, S. Oßwald: Inauguration of the young bust in the Science Museum on the Berlin-Buch campus. In: Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin, 2019. [1]
  9. ^ F. Jung, P. Oehme, H. Rein: Medicines and society. In: Treatises of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Born 1971, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1971.
  10. G. Brüschke, P. Oehme, FH Schulz: About some problems of therapy in old age. In: Z. Aging Research. 22, 1969, pp. 1-10.
  11. K. Janowski, P. Oehme, E. Göres: New points of view in placebo therapy (Part 3). In: medicamentum. 30, 1989, pp. 2-4.
  12. P. Oehme, H. Richter: Danger from prescription-free sleeping pills? In: German health system. 22, 1967, pp. 359-362.
  13. B. Karger-Decker, P. Oehme (scientific collaboration): Poisons, witch ointments, love potions. Koehler and Amelang Verlag, Leipzig 1966.
  14. B. Karger-Decker, P. Oehme (scientific advice and collaboration): The grip on the brain. Koehler and Amelang Verlag, Leipzig 1972.
  15. P. Oehme: Five decades of pharmacology in turbulent times. In: A. Philippu (ed.): History and work of the pharmacological, clinical-pharmacological and toxicological institutes in German-speaking countries. Volume IV: Autobiographies. Berenkamp Verlag, 2014, pp. 521-531.
  16. P. Oehme: Five decades of research and teaching in pharmacology. Experienced and lived in science. trafo Verlag Dr. Wolfgang Weist, Autobiographies Series, Volume 25, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89626-582-2 , pp. 47–54.
  17. P. Oehme: Five decades of research and teaching in pharmacology. trafo Verlag Dr. Wolfgang Weist, Berlin 2006, p. 66.
  18. ^ P. Oehme, E. Göres, W. Rosenthal, D. Ganten: Pharmacological Institutions Berlin-Buch and Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. In: A. Philippu (ed.): History and work of the pharmacological, clinical-pharmacological and toxicological institutes in German-speaking countries. Volume I, Berenkamp Verlag, 2004, pp. 698-711.
  19. P. Oehme: Experiences from an academy-industrial complex. In: W. Scheler (ed.): The Berlin Academy after 1945. Contemporary witnesses report. (= Treatises of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin. Volume 6). 2001, pp. 143-149.
  20. P. Oehme, J. Bergmann, M. Bienert, H. Hilse, L. Piesche, P. Minh Thu, E. Scheer: Biological action of Substance P - is differentiation by affinity and intrinsic efficacy. In: US v. Euler, B. Pernow (Ed.): Substance P. (= Nobel symposium. 37). Raven Press, New York 1977, pp. 327-335.
  21. P. Oehme, H. Hilse, E. Morgenstern, E. Göres: Does Substance P produce analgesia or hyperalgesia? In: Science. 208, 1980, pp. 305-307.
  22. K. Hecht, P. Oehme, M. Poppei: Action of Substance P on neurotic-hypertensive rats. In: Pharmacy. 34, 1979, pp. 654-657.
  23. P. Oehme, K. Hecht, L. Piesche, H. Hilse, E. Morgenstern, M. Poppei: Substance P as a modulator of physiological and pathological processes. In: CA Marsan, WZ Traczyk, US v. Euler (Ed.): Neuropeptides and neural transmission. (= International brain organization monograph series. 7). Raven Press, New York 1980, pp. 73-84.
  24. ^ Wissenschaftsrat: Opinions on the non-university research institutions in the former GDR in the field of biosciences. 1992, pp. 31-36.
  25. ^ NS Cheung, P. Karlsson. JX. Wang, M. Bienert, P. Oehme, BC Livett: Functional studies with Substance P analogues: effects of N-terminal, C-terminal and C-terminus-extended analogues of Substance P on nicotine-induced secretion and desensitization in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffine cells. In: J. Neurochemistry. 62, 1994, pp. 2246-2253.
  26. P. Oehme, H.-E. Goeben, J. Klinger, A. Bärwolff: We do not allow our life's work to be taken away. In: vhw-Mitteilungen. 2, 2012, pp. 27-30.
  27. A. Bärwolff, H.-E. Goeben, J. Klinger, W. Merbach, P. Oehme, H. Zühlke: Balance of a shameful chapter. In: vhw-Mitteilungen. 2, 2013, pp. 32-34.
  28. P. Oehme, Ch. Minkewitz, S. Oßwald: From book to Friedrichsfelde and back. In: buchinside. 01, 2017, p. 17.
  29. P. Oehme, WA Krivoy: Substance P - a peptide with unusual features. In: Trend in Pharmacological Sciences. 4, 1983, pp. 521-523.
  30. P. Oehme, K. Hauptmann, U. Scheller: Historical and current information on drug research. Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin, 2017 (leibnizsozietaet.de)
  31. Peter Oehme, Karl Hecht : Reflections on substance P research; Reflections on Substance P Research (with 50 references). Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin, 2017. (leibnizsozietaet.de)
  32. Peter Oehme: Five decades of research and teaching in pharmacology. Experienced and lived in science. trafo Verlag Dr. Wolfgang Weist, Berlin 2006, pp. 201-223 (autobiography).
  33. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Peter Oehme. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed February 20, 2019 (in Russian).