adaptability
As adaptability , and adaptivity , adaptability and flexibility , the ability of a will creature or a company to change or self-organization called, thanks to the exterior to changed circumstances in terms of a change in interaction (collective) between actors together ( assimilation ) or its environment over react can.
It is the ability to adjust to changing requirements and conditions in an environment . It points to an adaptable and less entrenched bond and behavior structure ( opportunism ). The potential of flexibility lies in the expansion of the scope of action , which includes the possible alternatives for action in a decision-making situation, as well as in the reduction of the time required to implement and carry out individual strategies and actions. The complex of terms is closely related to the term “ learning ”. In the case of simple reinforcement of behavior, one speaks of sensitization , the opposite is habituation or habituation .
In business and society, flexibility describes the ability of a dynamic system to independently, reactively, actively and proactively shape the relationship to its system environment, which is characterized by insecurity, through conscious actions, particularly with regard to the system goals pursued. In this respect, it describes the potential that is characterized by the scope for action available and the speed of action that can be achieved.
In biology, evolutionary adaptation was seen as a case to be bordered on, which only refers to “nature” as a system ( populations ), but not to individuals. In the context of epigenetics , advanced concepts of selective reading of genetic information are being considered.
Examples are:
- Supercompensation : Adjustment of the organism's carbohydrate reserves in response to a stress stimulus
- Adaptation of endogenous rhythms ( e.g. photoperiods in plants) or sleep-wake periods (in humans and animals) to external timers
- Acclimatization : the individual physiological adaptation of an organism to changing environmental factors
- Adaptation to global warming of social and ecological systems or individuals as a result of climate change .
- Adaptation in medicine as an adaptive response or psychological compensation
- Adaptation to emotional states, habit effect
- Adjustments of the sensory organs, see adaptation (eye) and adaptation (acoustics)
- Adaptation to stress factors
- Assimilation in the sociological sense
- Assimilation in learning psychology
- Dynamics of adaptation in the social-psychological sense according to Alexander Mitscherlich .
The adaptability is examined in behavioral biology or experimental psychology and sociology . Models of adaptability are also used in business administration , bionics and adaptronics (adaptivity of information systems, artificial intelligence ) and others. Cognitive science forms a link here .
literature
- H. Precht, J. Christophersen, H. Hensel, W. Larcher (Eds.): Temperature and Life. Springer, Berlin 1973, ISBN 978-0387064413
Individual evidence
- ↑ Damisch, Peter Nicolai; Locarek-Junge, Hermann Are real options worthless in the market equilibrium? Dresden Contributions to Business Administration, No. 73/03, Dresden 2003
- ↑ Mitscherlich, Alexander On the Way to a Fatherless Society . Social Psychology Ideas. Piper Munich, 10th edition 1996, ISBN 3-492-20045-1 , chap. I. Preliminary information on the dynamics of adaptation. Page 9–21