change
There are two broad synonym meanings for change :
1. Terms such as change, modification, correction , modulation, revision, alteration, reworking, reshaping, reshaping, reshaping, transformation reveal an enormous variety of terminology. In terms of educational language and technical language, there are also:
- Modification, modification, revision or transformation
- Amendment (especially in politics and law)
- Scientifically also in terms such as evolution , mutation or the mimicry process
2. Terms such as turning away, turning away, innovation, redesign, new regulation, upheaval, reversal, reversal, change, change, change, turn, turn reveal the range of change.
The term “change” describes the process or course of a material or non-material transformation, i.e. a change process within a certain period of time.
The term “change” contains no evaluation - it is neither pejorative nor meliorative ; on the other hand, the term “progress”, for example, is meliorative. Nevertheless, there is often a linguistic-psychological evaluation or a connotation (connection) with one or more secondary meanings in everyday life . In turning away or turning away, for example, an adaptation reaction takes place, while an active improvement in correction and modification is connoted.
Occurrence
There are change processes in many areas. Some examples:
- Biology: The change in every person over the course of their life, from birth to death. (The change in biological-social terms becomes particularly clear and comprehensible during puberty.)
- Nutrition and medicine: aging and metabolic processes.
- In organizations: organizational structure (e.g. hierarchy) and process organization in companies, authorities and other organizations can change or be changed.
- Technical innovations: Changes due to the spread of the personal computer.
- Economic changes as initiated by globalization or as described in the Kondratiev cycles .
- Human learning (the learning process) is the continued change in psychological structures depending on the situation; So learning is a central aspect of change; without change through learning human development is inconceivable.
- Music: Ludwig van Beethoven himself described his so-called Diabelli Variations as "changes over a waltz by Diabelli".
proof
Changes can be recognized through observation (e.g. measurement ) or intuitively . Some changes are difficult to prove or can only be proven through longer series of measurements or observation series (photo series, counts, surveys). Often it is not possible to trace a change monocausally to one cause. It is easier to determine correlations - then it remains open whether one variable has a causal influence on the other, whether both are causally dependent on a third variable, or whether a causal relationship can be inferred at all (see also spurious correlation ).
causes
Changes can have internal and external causes . Depending on the role and predominance of either the internal or external causes for the changes in an object, a distinction can be made between:
- predominant self-change (as a skill : changeability)
- predominantly being changed (as a skill or possibility : the changeability)
Models
There are several mathematical models for calculating the rate of change (see also variance and trend analysis ).
Conception of dialectic
The distinction between quantitative and qualitative changes is of decisive importance for the dialectical analysis of processes and their results . Their most important relationships to one another can be formulated in the regularity of the change from quantitative to qualitative changes and vice versa (depending on the given concrete conditions and objects, processes). In the case of qualitative changes, one speaks of new qualities, if the changes are development processes, irreversible qualitative changes with a legal character.
The careful description of the change phenomenon leads to a contradiction problem . Change has to be stated as a simultaneous of identity and non-identity. When something changes, it stays the same and yet is not the same at the same time. Change consists in a unity of mutually exclusive opposites and represents an example of the fact that everything in the world (and also the world as a whole) has the structure of a unity of opposites. This is where the world's ultimate need for logical- ontological explanation lies , because it must be possible to indicate how a problem of contradiction can be distinguished from a genuine contradiction which is excluded by the universal validity of the non-contradiction principle.
Man and change
In the case of changes that can be influenced by humans, there is often a desire to align them with a goal. Some examples are:
- Society : Changes through citizen participation in politics (see also closeness to citizens ), through family policy , better international understanding
- Development of new technology and methods
- Creation and promotion of trends , change in customer buying behavior
The human interests can for example
- consist in an observation and interpretation, see natural science
- exist in a use, see breeding , forestry or environmental protection
Monotony is not only difficult to bear for learning organisms, but also counterproductive to extremely harmful in terms of development. Without the change in situations, a learning process or the acquisition of skills and socialization in the broadest sense is hardly conceivable - and thus the development of individuals (see learning and learning theory ). This fact is particularly important in early childhood development ( developmental psychology ; wolf child , wild children); Monotony, on the other hand, is destructive and sickening.
The change in an overall situation is therefore the basis for the development of the individuals who exist in it. They react to the change, thereby acquire the ability to stabilize themselves after changes, and thus create competencies that specifically characterize individuals and with the help of which they develop further. Individuals benefit from change. This creates a momentum of its own in the individuals, which is each specifically characteristic. Progress in the individual comes about in this way through the change of innumerable situations (whatever changes are based on: growth processes, manipulation, climate changes, social changes).
Web links
- Entry in Edward N. Zalta (Ed.): Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .