Friedrich Jung (doctor)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Friedrich Jung, bust (2019)

Friedrich Karl Jung (born April 21, 1915 in Friedrichshafen , † August 5, 1997 in Berlin ) was a German doctor and one of the leading pharmacologists in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). From 1949 to 1972 he worked as a professor at the Humboldt University in Berlin and from 1956 to 1980 as director of various non-university research institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR , including from 1972 to 1980 the Central Institute for Molecular Biology in Berlin-Buch . As chairman of the Central Advisory Committee for Pharmaceuticals, he also had a major influence on the approval of drugs in the GDR.

Life

Friedrich Karl Jung was born in Friedrichshafen in 1915 and studied medicine at the universities of Tübingen , Königsberg and Berlin from 1934 to 1939 ; in Tübingen he received his doctorate in 1940 . As a student he belonged to the NS student union and the NS motor corps . During the Second World War he worked in 1940/1941 as a sub-doctor in the medical service , in 1941/1942 at the Military Medical Academy in Berlin , where he participated in a research project on war gas . He was one of the first there to use the new method of electron microscopy to study biological objects. At the institute he joined an opposition group around Robert Havemann and Fritz von Bergmann , to which his future wife Waltraut Schwarzkopff also belonged. He was then transferred to the front because of “political unreliability”. From 1942 to 1944 he was a medical officer and wrote his habilitation thesis during this time. In 1944 he completed his habilitation while on home leave at the University of Berlin. In the last months of the war he was an advisory toxicologist for an army group on the Western Front. At the beginning of 1945 he was assigned to the Urlau ammunition facility , where secret stocks of grenades containing highly toxic chemical warfare agents were stored. Together with the commandant of the institution, he opposed the Fuehrer's order to blow it up and, as a parliamentarian, mediated the surrender to French troops without a fight.

After the end of the war, he initially worked for a short time in Tübingen before he worked as a lecturer and acting head of the Pharmacological Institute of the University of Würzburg at Koellikerstraße 2 from 1946 to 1949 . In 1946/1947 he appeared as an expert witness in the defense of Adolf Pokorny at the Nuremberg doctors' trial . In 1949 he moved to the Institute for Medicine and Biology of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin-Buch , founded two years earlier on the orders of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) , after he had learned that the vacant professorship for that the faculty in Würzburg had favored him, not he, but a former NSDAP member. His appointment to the institute in Berlin-Buch was one of the few exceptions in the context of the largely unsuccessful university policy efforts of the SMAD and later the GDR, in the first years after the end of the Second World War scientists from western Germany through offers of corresponding chairs and other management positions to move to the Soviet zone of occupation or to the GDR.

In 1949, Friedrich Jung initially took over the management of a department for pharmacology and experimental pathology at the Academy Institute for Medicine and Biology, and from 1956 worked as director of the institute. From 1961 he headed the Institute for Pharmacology that had emerged from the institute and its successor from 1972 to 1980, the Central Institute for Molecular Biology , which was created by amalgamating several academy institutes . His successor as director of the Central Institute was the pathologist Karl-Wolfgang Zschiesche , who had moved from the Central Institute for Microbiology and Experimental Therapy in Jena to Berlin-Buch in 1979 . In addition, Friedrich Jung was Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the Humboldt University in Berlin from 1949 to 1972 and, from 1956, director of the corresponding university institute. From 1959 to 1990 he was also the chairman of the Central Advisory Committee for Drugs (ZGA) in the GDR and was thus largely responsible for the GDR's pharmacopoeia and for the approval of drugs for the GDR market. In this role, he and others decided against the approval of the sleeping pill Contergan in the GDR, which prevented a catastrophe comparable to the consequences of Contergan in the Federal Republic of Germany. He was also called in as an expert on the Geneva negotiations to outlaw biological and chemical weapons and participated in national and international committees for peace and disarmament.

Friedrich Jung's research interests focused on the structure and function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and studies on the effects of phenylhydrazine and other blood toxins . The majority of the chairs for pharmacology at the universities in the GDR and a number of leading positions at the biomedically oriented academy institutes were filled with students from Jung. These included, for example, Werner Scheler , pharmacology professor at the University of Greifswald and penultimate president of the academy, the founding director of the Institute for Active Ingredient Research Peter Oehme and Hansjürgen Matthies , founder of neurobiological research in the GDR. After German reunification , Friedrich Jung was one of the initiators of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin , which continues the AdW learned society. He died in Berlin in 1997 .

Memorial plaque on the residential building, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, in Berlin-Buch

On the occasion of Jung's 100th birthday, the Leibniz Society held a plenary conference in 2015 and initiated a memorial plaque on his former home in Berlin-Buch. This commemorative plaque honors his services as a pharmacologist, health and drug politician and as a co-founder of the Leibniz Society. The text of the plaque reads: Friedrich Karl Jung, 1915-1997, doctor, pharmacologist, health and pharmaceuticals politician, co-founder of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin, lived here from 1949-1997 and founded the Academy Institute for Medicine and Biology in Berlin Book the extra-university pharmacology and rebuilt the pharmacology of the Humboldt University, which was destroyed in World War II.

To honor Friedrich Jung, a bust was inaugurated in the Science Museum on the Berlin-Buch campus in April 2019, the creator of which is the sculptor Anna Franziska Schwarzbach .

Awards

Friedrich Jung received the GDR National Prize in 1957, 1965 and 1987 . He was also awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1962, 1975 and 1980 , and was named the People's Doctor of Merit in 1963 . From 1961 he was a corresponding and from 1964 a full member of the biosciences class of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin (DAW) , renamed the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (AdW) in 1972 .

Publications (selection)

  • Drug prescriptions. Hirzel, Leipzig 1958 (as co-editor)
  • Doctor and philosophy. Humanism, knowledge, practice. People and Health, Berlin 1961 (with other authors)
  • Commentary on the German Pharmacopoeia. 7th edition. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1969
  • several conference volumes for the international symposia on the structure and function of erythrocytes organized by the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin between 1959 and 1975 (as co-editor)
  • Student and doctor at that time. In: Samuel Mitja Rapoport, Achim Thom (ed.): The fate of medicine in fascism. Mission and obligation to preserve humanism and peace. International scientific symposium of European sections of the IPPNW (November 17-18, 1988, Erfurt / Weimar / GDR). Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin 1989, pp. 274–281.

literature

  • Jung, Friedrich . In: Werner Hartkopf:The Berlin Academy of Sciences. Its members and award winners 1700–1990. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1992,ISBN 3-05-002153-5, p. 173.
  • Werner Scheler , Peter Oehme : Between medicine and society. On the life and work of Friedrich Jung. (= Treatises of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin. Volume 8). trafo Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89626-345-5 .
  • Biographies. Friedrich Jung. In: Heinz Bielka : History of the medical-biological institutes Berlin-Buch. Second edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-540-42842-9 , p. 175.
  • Jochen Richter :  Jung, Friedrich . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Peter Oehme: The work of Friedrich Jung in Berlin pharmacology. In: J. Gross, G. Jacobasch , P. Oehme (eds.): Meeting reports of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin. Volume 123/124, trafo Verlag, Berlin 2015, pp. 29–44.
  • Peter Oehme, Werner Scheler: Friedrich Karl Jung - scientific biography. In: A. Philippu (ed.): History and work of the pharmacological, clinical-pharmacological and toxicological institutes in German-speaking countries. Volume V: Autobiographies II and Selected Biographies. Berenkamp Verlag, 2017, pp. 261–264.

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Jung  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. Second updated edition. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 291.
  2. ↑ Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Lecture directory for the summer semester of 1948. University printing house H. Stürtz, Würzburg 1948, p. 23 (there “Dr. Fritz Jung”).
  3. ^ Rüdiger vom Bruch , Uta Gerhardt, Aleksandra Pawliczek: Continuities and discontinuities in the history of science in the 20th century. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-515-08965-9 , p. 108.
  4. ^ Obituary in Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Issue 94 (40) / 1997, A-2589 / B-2214 / C-1966.
  5. ↑ Leibniz Intern. Communications from the Leibniz Society. No. 20 of November 15, 2003, p. 6.
  6. ↑ a b Ulrich Meyer: “One shouldn't inhibit development” - Fritz Hauschild (1908–1974) and drug research in the GDR. In: The Pharmacy . 60 (6 )/2005. Govi-Verlag, pp. 468-472, ISSN  0031-7144 .
  7. ^ Johann Gross: memorial plaque for Professor Friedrich Jung in Berlin-Buch unveiled. In: Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin, 2015. [1] .
  8. ↑ Peter Oehme , Silke Oßwald: Inauguration of the young bust in the Science Museum on the Berlin-Buch campus. In: Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin, 2019. [2]
personal data
SURNAME Jung, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jung, Friedrich Karl (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pharmacologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 21, 1915
PLACE OF BIRTH Friedrichshafen
DATE OF DEATH 5th August 1997
Place of death Berlin