Oskar Liebreich

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Oscar Liebreich

Matthias Eugen Oscar Liebreich (born February 14, 1839 in Königsberg i. Pr. , † July 2, 1908 in Charlottenburg near Berlin) was a German pharmacologist. He was the younger brother of the ophthalmologist Richard Liebreich .

Life

Liebreich was initially a seaman before he did an apprenticeship in chemistry with Carl Remigius Fresenius at his specialist academy in Wiesbaden and then worked as a technical chemist. In 1859 he began to study medicine at the Albertus University in Königsberg . He moved to the University of Tübingen and the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin , where he in 1865 to Dr. med. received his doctorate .

From 1867 he was an assistant in the chemical department of the Pathological Institute under Rudolf Virchow and qualified as a professor for pharmacology in Berlin in 1868. In 1871 he was appointed associate professor and in 1872 full professor for remedies theory in 1872. In the same year he founded the Pharmacological Institute of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin as the first director and director . The construction (1883) of an institute building that he pushed through and realized gave Berlin pharmacology ideal conditions for research and teaching. He is therefore considered the founder of Berlin pharmacology. In 1888 he was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . In 1891 he was appointed secret medical councilor . From 1885 he chaired the balneological section of the Society for Medicine as the successor to Georg Thilenius and the Hufelandische Gesellschaft. In 1889 he was a co-founder of the Balneological Society in Berlin, of which he remained chairman until his death.

Liebreich's wife Maria was the daughter of the chemist Hans Heinrich Landolt . As an electrochemist, their son Erik Liebreich laid the foundations for chrome plating technology . Gustav Graef's brother-in-law and uncle of Botho Graef and Sabine Lepsius were lovable .

Death and grave

Liebreich's grave, still marked with an honorary grave (2010)

Ailing for years, advanced atherosclerosis forced Oskar Liebreich in August 1907 to stop his activities and to retire to a Charlottenburg sanatorium. There he died almost a year later at the age of 69. Arthur Heffter took over from his chair in February 1908 . Liebreich found his final resting place in a hereditary burial at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Cemetery in Westend. A machined boulder made of gray granite with embossed edges serves as the gravestone . On the front there is a darkly patinated bronze relief with a portrait of Liebreich. There are two inscription stones in front of the tombstone. Two rhododendrons on the complex reflect the natural style in burial culture of the early 20th century. The last resting place of Oskar Liebreich was dedicated as an honorary grave of the State of Berlin from 1962 to 2012.

Scientific merit

His special scientific achievements, the discovery of the sleeping-generating effect is one of chloral hydrate in animal experiments (1869) and the isolation of serving as an ointment base lanolin (1885). Chloral hydrate was the first synthetic sedative / hypnotic and at the same time an important milestone in the development of systematic drug research. It was one of the first products of the chemical factory founded in Berlin in 1873 by the chemist Heinrich Byk , gained worldwide recognition and is still used today for special indications.

Liebreich published numerous individual articles ( e.g. on ethyl chloride and butyl chloride as new anesthetics and mercury amides as drugs for syphilis ) and carried out various studies, such as 1891 on cantharidin and the method of distributing medicines in the nasopharynx.

The core of Liebreich's work concept was the unity of basic pharmacological research, continuous closeness to clinics and successful industrial cooperation - certainly still a recipe for success in the present.

Publications

editor

From 1887 Liebreich was the editor of the Therapeutic Monthly Issues ( ISSN  0371-7372 ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Oscar Liebreich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Oskar Liebreich † . In: Berliner Tageblatt , July 2, 1908, evening edition, p. 1.
  2. ↑ Dissertation: Duo describuntur specimina emboliae arteriae femoralis, structurae mutationibus valvularum cordis effectae .
  3. ↑ Peter Oehme : Oscar Liebreich and his chloral hydrate . Milestones in pharmacology in Berlin. Deutsche Apothekerzeitung, Volume 159, January 24, 2019, No. 4, p. 57.
  4. ↑ R. Morgenstern: Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty (Charité) of the Humboldt University in Berlin , in: A. Philippu: History and work of the pharmacological, clinical-pharmacological and toxicological institutes in German-speaking countries , Vol. 1. Berenkamp Verlag 2004, pp. 91-123.
  5. ^ Oskar Liebreich † . In: Berliner Tageblatt , July 2, 1908, evening edition, p. 1.
  6. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 477.
  7. ↑ Peter Oehme : Oscar Liebreich and his chloral hydrate. Milestones in pharmacology in Berlin. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, Volume 159, January 24, 2019, No. 4, pp. 57–58.
  8. ^ Ernst Peter Fischer: Byk Gulden. Inquiry and entrepreneurship. 2nd edition, Piper, Munich 1998. ISBN 3-492-04073-X .
  9. ↑ Peter Oehme : Oscar Liebreich and his chloral hydrate. Milestones in pharmacology in Berlin. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, Volume 159, January 24, 2019, No. 4, p. 59.
  10. ↑ Friedrich Jung : 100 years of the Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology. In: Charité-Annalen, New Series, Volume 3. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1983, pp. 255–264.
personal data
SURNAME Liebreich, Oskar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liebreich, Matthias Eugen Oscar (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pharmacologist
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1839
PLACE OF BIRTH Königsberg (Prussia)
DATE OF DEATH July 2, 1908
Place of death Berlin-Charlottenburg