Carl Remigius Fresenius

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Carl Remigius Fresenius

Carl Remigius Fresenius (born December 28, 1818 in Frankfurt am Main , † June 11, 1897 in Wiesbaden ) was a German analytical chemist , Privy Councilor and founder and director of the chemical laboratory in Wiesbaden (today: SGS Institut Fresenius ).

Life

Carl R. Fresenius was the son of Jakob Samuel Heinrich Fresenius (1779–1864) and his wife Maria Fresenius (1779–1841). After completing school at the Benders Institute in Weinheim and at the municipal high school in Frankfurt, he began an apprenticeship in the Steinsche Pharmacy in Frankfurt in 1836. During his apprenticeship, he heard Rudolf Böttger's lectures in chemistry and physics at the Physikalischer Verein . Due to his great interest in analytical chemistry, he set up his own small laboratory in his father's summer house.

He began studying chemistry in Bonn in 1840. In the second semester of his studies at the University of Bonn , he wrote his fundamental work, Instructions for Quantitative Chemical Analysis , in 1841 , which had 17 editions. After he decided to devote himself entirely to chemistry, he went to Justus Liebig , who was his private assistant from April 1842 to autumn 1845, at what was then the Chemistry Center in Giessen . The 2nd edition of the instructions for qualitative chemical analysis contained a praising foreword by Liebig, who also introduced it as a textbook in his laboratory. In recognition of this work, the Philosophical Faculty Carl Fresenius received his doctorate in 1842. In 1843 he completed his habilitation as a private lecturer with a thesis on the reliable quantitative determination of arsenic, until in September 1845 he was appointed professor of chemistry, physics and technology at the ducal-Nassau Agricultural Institute on the Geisberg farm near Wiesbaden.

On September 21, 1845 he married Marie Luise Gertrud Charlotte Rumpf (born August 27, 1819 in Gießen, † April 23, 1873 in Wiesbaden), a daughter of the literary scholar Friedrich Karl Rumpf . From this marriage there were three sons and four daughters.

In the spring of 1848, Carl Fresenius opened his chemical laboratory based on the model of Justus von Liebig in a house he had bought, which was later expanded to include a few departments and expanded into a specialist academy. At this chemical laboratory Fresenius Wiesbaden chemistry was taught, from 1862 within the framework of the Pharmaceutischen Lehranstalt also pharmacy and from 1868 agricultural chemistry and ecology. From 1862 Fresenius was editor of the journal for analytical chemistry . In 1873 his book History of the Chemical Laboratory in Wiesbaden was published . In 1852 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1875 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and in 1888 of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . He was a member of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors .

After the death of his wife in 1873, he married a second time in Wiesbaden the following year. His second wife was called Augusla (1834–1920) and was the daughter of the Nassau personal doctor Dr. Wilhelm Fritze.

Because of his pedagogical talent, Carl Fresenius shaped a large group of students and his sons Heinrich (actually: Remigius Heinrich ) and Theodor Wilhelm , who continued his laboratory with his son-in-law Ernst Hintz after his death . Subsequently, the Fresenius Institute was headed by his grandchildren Remigius Fresenius (1878–1949) and Ludwig. In 1892 Carl Fresenius was made an honorary citizen of Wiesbaden because of his services to the city of Wiesbaden. For many years he acted as chairman of the Wiesbaden city council. He died on June 11, 1897 in Wiesbaden. He was buried here in the old cemetery .

Fields of activity

Gravestone of Fresenius at the old cemetery Wiesbaden
  • Mineral water analysis
  • Investigation of the main Nassau clays
  • Examination of fruits, musts and wines

Honors

Memorial plaque on the former building of the Fresenius Laboratory in Wiesbaden

In 1899 he was made an honorary member of the Nassau Association for Natural History . 1892 honorary citizen of Wiesbaden. In 1904, the Berlin sculptor Karl Reinert created a monument with the bust of Fresenius made of Carrara marble , which was erected in a green area on Freseniusstrasse in Wiesbaden. The inscription on the front of the base "Remigius / Fresenius" designates the sitter.

In 2013, the Society of German Chemists honored the Fresenius Chemical Laboratory, founded by Carl Remigius Fresenius in 1848, as a “ Historic Site of Chemistry ”, thereby honoring the beginnings of analytical chemistry .

Political career

From 1848 to 1851 Fresenius was a member of the Nassau Chamber of Deputies for constituency XII (Wiesbaden / Hochheim). In the state parliament he was a member of the Club of the Right . In 1852 he was elected to the first chamber of the estates of the Duchy of Nassau for the group of tradespeople , but did not accept the election. The merchant Gottfried Russ was then elected in a by- election; this choice has been declared invalid. From 1893 to 1897 he was a member of the municipal parliament for the Wiesbaden district , the provincial parliament for the province of Hessen-Nassau and chairman of the Wiesbaden city council.

See also

Fonts

  • New procedures for testing potash and soda, ashes, acids, especially vinegar, and manganese dioxide for their true content and commercial value: for chemists, pharmacists, technicians and merchants; edited only after own attempts . Winter, Heidelberg 1843 ( digitized version )
  • The experimental investigations on the detection of arsenic
  • Chemistry textbook for farmers, foresters and cameralists . 1847
  • About the use of potassium cyan in chemical analysis
  • On the inorganic constituents of plants
  • About the determination of fluorine
  • About the separation of lime, strontian and barite
  • Instructions for quantitative chemical analysis or the teaching of weight determination and separation of the bodies more common in pharmacy, the arts, trades and agriculture in simple and compound compounds: for beginners and more experienced; with 190 wood engravings . 5th edition. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1866 ( digitized 2nd print 1866 in the Google book search; digitized 3rd print 1870 Düsseldorf )
  • Instructions for qualitative chemical analysis or the study of the operations, of the reagents and of the behavior of the more familiar bodies to reagents: for beginners and the more experienced . 9th edition Vieweg, Braunschweig 1856 ( digitized in the Google book search, digitized Düsseldorf )

literature

  • Leo Gros: Carl Remigius Fresenius - father of analytical chemistry. With five students he began ... . Museum Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 9783892581208
  • W. Czysz: 140 years of the Fresenius Wiesbaden Chemical Laboratory. 1st part: 1848–1945 . In: Yearbooks of the Nassau Association for Natural History . tape 110 . Wiesbaden 1988, p. 35-110 .
  • Heinrich Fresenius:  Fresenius, Karl Remigius . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 48, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 739-742.
  • Wilhelm Fresenius:  Fresenius, Karl Remigius. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 406 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • DS Moore, W. Fresenius: C. Remigius Fresenius, 1818-1897, founder of the Fresenius Institute and "Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry" (now Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry) . In: Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. (1997) 358: pp. 453-455
  • A. Pagenstecher: Nekrolog Carl Remigius Fresenius . In: Yearbooks of the Nassau Association for Natural History . tape 50 . Wiesbaden 1897, p. XXIX-XXXIII .
  • Susanne Poth: Carl Remigius Fresenius (1818-1897). Pioneer of analytical chemistry . Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-8047-2326-9 .
  • Nassau parliamentarians. Part 1: Cornelia Rösner: The Landtag of the Duchy of Nassau 1818–1866 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau. 59 = Prehistory and history of parliamentarism in Hesse. 16). Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-930221-00-4 , pp. 49-50.
  • Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 133.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Member entry by Carl Remigius Fresenius at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on January 14, 2016.
  2. ^ Members of the previous academies. Remigius Fresenius. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on March 25, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857
  4. ↑ See full names and personal data under the catalog of the German National Library , as of January 27, 2013.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Strube: Carl Remigius Fresenius (PDF file; 47 kB), viewed September 18, 2012.
  6. ↑ Historic site of chemistry at the GDCh. GDCh.de, accessed on July 21, 2013 .
personal data
SURNAME Fresenius, Carl Remigius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH December 28, 1818
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main , Free City of Frankfurt
DATE OF DEATH June 11, 1897
Place of death Wiesbaden , Province of Hessen-Nassau , Kingdom of Prussia , German Empire