Rudolf Nissen
Rudolf Nissen (born September 9, 1896 in Neisse , Upper Silesia , † January 22, 1981 in Riehen / Canton Basel-Stadt , Switzerland ) was a German surgeon and university professor in Berlin, Istanbul, New York and Basel. As a senior physician in Berlin in 1931 he carried out the complete removal of a lung for the first time. We owe important surgeon biographies from the 20th century to him and his friend Werner Wachsmuth .
Life
Germany
Rudolf Nissen was the son of the surgeon Franz Nissen and his wife Margarethe geb. Borchert . Rudolf Nissen married Ruth Becherer , daughter of Walter Becherer. After graduating from the humanistic Carolinum (Nysa) , he studied medicine at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau from 1913 ; but he soon moved to the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . He served in a medical battalion throughout the First World War . As a field doctor, he was shot in the lung, the consequences of which stressed him for life. After the war he continued his medical studies at the Philipps University in Marburg and the University of Breslau. After the state examination was delayed due to the war, Nissen was promoted to Dr. med. PhD. He then became assistant to the internist Oskar Minkowski at the Clinic for Internal Medicine in Breslau (1920) and to the pathologist Ludwig Aschoff at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (1921).
Nissen completed his surgical specialist training from 1921 to 1927 as an assistant doctor to Ferdinand Sauerbruch at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . He then qualified as a professor in surgery. As a senior physician and one of Sauerbruch's favorite students, he accompanied him to Argentina in 1927 to demonstrate new methods of thoracic surgery. When Sauerbruch accepted the call from the Charité in 1927 , Nissen went to Berlin as a senior physician. Appointed a non-civil servant associate professor in 1930, he was Sauerbruch's deputy at the Charité Surgical Clinic. As the first surgeon in the world, he carried out a pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung) on a girl suffering from bronchiectasis with success as a senior physician in Berlin in 1931 . The fundoplication is still a (now endoscopically possible) standard operation in the transition from the esophagus to the stomach .
Turkey
After the National Socialists came to power in 1933, he did not want to apply the law to restore the civil service against employees. It was clear to the surgeon, who was actually about to take over a full professorship in Germany, that sooner or later he would be affected because of his Jewish descent, even if he was initially exempted from the combatant privilege . During the first months of the Nazi era , he moved to Turkey , whose medical faculty in Istanbul invited him in 1933 on the recommendation of his boss Sauerbruch. With the support of Philipp Schwartz's “Notgemeinschaft” and after consulting Sauerbruch, he was appointed to the surgical chair at Istanbul University in 1933 . In the surgical clinic, where he also taught in French, Nissen performed oral surgery together with Alfred Kantorowicz . He also became director of the First Surgical Department of Cerrahpaşa Hospital.
“He had had his happiest time in Turkey, as he said. ... He looked through my manuscript and then said, "You can dedicate it to me on one condition. You have to put the symbols of the Berlin surgeons at the bottom of the dedication «."
United States
Although he was accommodated by the Turkish government in extending the contract, Nissen went to the United States in 1939 after the start of the Second World War with the approval of the Turkish Ministry of Culture because of health problems . A chronic lung disease had worsened in exile and he therefore stayed in the United States longer than originally planned. The construction of a surgical clinic in Istanbul, which he planned in his time in Cerrahpaşa, was completed in accordance with his ideas in 1943. In New York he had to repeat all study and training exams. From 1939 to 1941 he was Research Fellow of Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and from 1941 to 1952 Chief of Division of Surgery at the Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn and Director of Surgery at Maimonides Medical Center in New York City . From 1944 he was also Assistant Professor of Surgery at Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn in New York (according to Doyum from 1948 as professor at Long Island College of Medicin , today: SUNY Downstate College of Medicine ).
Switzerland
In 1952 he followed the call of the University of Basel as a full professor to the chair of surgery in 1951 and received the associated position as director of the surgical department of the university clinic. His inaugural lecture on December 18, 1952 was on the topic of the timeless and time-bound in surgery . He turned down calls from the University of Hamburg (1948) and the University of Vienna (1954). After retirement in 1967, he led until 1970, a doctor's office in Basel . He was a lifelong friend of Werner Wachsmuth (Wachsmuth's successor, the surgeon Ernst Kern , who was strongly influenced by Nissen and who had already met him in Basel in 1964, was Nissen's neighbor in Lörrach from 1967 to 1969).
Honors
- President of the International College of Surgeons , Chicago (1956)
- Elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (1963)
- Chairman of the Association of Bavarian Surgeons
- Chairman of the Société Suisse de Chirurgie - Swiss Society for Surgery SGC
- Corresponding member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences (1963)
- President of the German Society for Surgery (1963)
- Paracelsus Medal (1967)
- President of the founding association of the Medical Faculty of the Technical University of Munich (Klinikum rechts der Isar) (1967)
- Bavarian Order of Merit (1968)
- Ernst von Bergmann commemorative coin in gold of the German Society for Surgery
- The new building of the Charité emergency center in mid-2016 was named after Nissen, the Rudolf-Nissen-Haus
- Honorary doctorates:
- Humboldt University of Berlin (1966)
- Hacettepe University in Ankara (December 30, 1973)
- University of Munich
Rudolf Nissen Prize / Rudolf Nissen Medal
Every two years , the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery honors outstanding representatives of visceral surgery with the Rudolf Nissen Medal (until 2009 the Rudolf Nissen Prize ) . The Rudolf Nissen Prize has been awarded to young surgical researchers since 2011 . This young talent award is endowed with € 5,000.
- Award winners
-
- 2001: Sir Alfred Cuschieri , Dundee
- 2003: Hiroshi Akiyama , Tokyo
- 2005: Henri Bismuth , Villejuif
- 2007: Christian Herfarth , Heidelberg
- 2009: Wolfgang Teichmann , Hamburg
- 2011: Andrew Louis Warshaw , Boston
- 2013: Heinz Becker , Göttingen
- 2015: Rüdiger Siewert , Freiburg
- 2019: Hans-Peter Bruch , Lübeck
Publications
- with Paul Meyer-Ruegg: The bone and joint tuberculosis. Brief description of the pathogenesis, general diagnosis and treatment. Leipzig 1930.
- On the recent development of the surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Berlin 1932.
- with Ferdinand Sauerbruch: General Operations. Leipzig 1933.
- Cerrahî Endikasyonlar ( Surgical Indications , German 1937), translated by Kemal Baran, Istanbul 1938.
- with Fahri Arel: Genel Şirüji Dersleri. Istanbul 1938.
-
Light leaves, dark leaves. Memories of a surgeon . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt , Stuttgart 1969, re-edition. ibid. 1984 ISBN 3-421-01499-X ; Herder-Buchgemeinde, Freiburg undated (1969); Reprint: Ecomed, Landsberg 2001 ISBN 3-609-16029-2 . All editions contain an exact register of persons, which is particularly informative with regard to the Turkish years 1933–1939 and the German group of exiles there. The book is dedicated to Nissen's father and Sauerbruch.
- Short first version of the chapter on Sauerbruch (p. 143 ff. In "Blätter") in: Hans Schwerte & Wilhelm Spengler Ed .: Researchers and scientists in Europe today. 2. Explorer of Life. Doctors, biologists, anthropologists Stalling, Oldenburg 1955 series: Gestalter Our Time Volume 4. Again in this: Fifty years of experienced surgery. Selected lectures and writings. Schattauer, Stuttgart and New York 1978, ISBN 3-7945-0615-4 , pp. 344-348.
- For Nissen's clear criticism of the erroneously so-called Sauerbruch autobiography That was my life with Kindler see the article Sauerbruch and Hans Rudolf Berndorff
- Review ( sheets ... ): Archive for orthopedic and trauma surgery 68 (1970), pp. 378-380, by AN Witt.
- Review: David Vanderpool, Bright leaves, dark leaves. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 196 (2003), p. 313-318. On-line
- Short first version of the chapter on Sauerbruch (p. 143 ff. In "Blätter") in: Hans Schwerte & Wilhelm Spengler Ed .: Researchers and scientists in Europe today. 2. Explorer of Life. Doctors, biologists, anthropologists Stalling, Oldenburg 1955 series: Gestalter Our Time Volume 4. Again in this: Fifty years of experienced surgery. Selected lectures and writings. Schattauer, Stuttgart and New York 1978, ISBN 3-7945-0615-4 , pp. 344-348.
- RN (ed. With Fritz Hartmann , Johannes Linzbach and Hans Schäfer ): Das Fischer-Lexikon. Vol. 16-18: Medicine 1-3 ; as author: Art. "Chirurgie" in part volume 3 (= volume 18), Fischer Bücherei TB, Frankfurt 1959 and others, most recently 1970, pp. 10–47 (also: historical outline)
- RN (Ed. With Georg Brandt and Hubert Kunz): Intra- and postoperative incidents. Your prevention and treatment , compilation in 4 volumes. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 1964 ff. (Last new edition, Vol. 2: Abdomen . 1985)
See also
literature
- Erwin Rotermund: Light leaves, dark leaves. Rudolf Nissen: parole in exile. In: Felix Harder, Mario Rossetti (Ed.): 100 years of Rudolf Nissen . Schwabe, Basel 1997, pp. 199-210. Series: Basler Contributions to Surgery , 9, ISBN 3-7965-1032-9 .
- Faruk Şen , Dirk Halm: Exile under the crescent moon and the star - Herbert Scurla's report on the activities of German university teachers in Turkey during the Nazi era . 2007, ISBN 3-89861-768-8 .
- Daniel Webster Fults, Philipp Taussky: The Life of Rudolf Nissen: Advancing Surgery Through Science and Principle. In: World Journal of Surgery , 2011. doi: 10.1007 / s00268-011-1047-1 .
- Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar . Leipzig / Berlin / New York 1925–1981, Volume 2, 1981, pp. 2755 f.
- Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special consideration of his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). Medical dissertation, Würzburg 1985, pp. 61-63.
- Huldrych M. Koelbing : Nissen, Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 289 ( digitized version ).
- Bernhard Meyer: An ordinariate on the Bosporus . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 9, 2000, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 111-117 ( luise-berlin.de ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Rudolf Nissen in the catalog of the German National Library
- Huldrych MF Koelbing : Nissen, Rudolf. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Arin Namal: The German surgeon Ord. Prof. Dr. Rudolf Nissen (1895–1981) after the Turkish university reform of 1933. Exemplary behavior in academic and professional ethics 2006 English version in the specified subject Zs.- German version via PDF link
- Hanzade Doğan & İbrahim Topçu: R. Nissen. His Contributions to Surgery and his Role in Turkey (PDF; 1.95 MB) 2009 (English)
- Hasan F. Batirel, Mustafa Yüksel: R. Nissen's years in Bosphorus and the pioneers of thoracic surgery in Turkey with 4 photos (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dissertation: Investigations into the diagnostic significance of the catalase index of the red blood cells in human and experimental blood diseases .
- ^ Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Hans Rudolf Berndorff: That was my life. Kindler & Schiermeyer, Bad Wörishofen 1951; cited: Licensed edition for Bertelsmann Lesering, Gütersloh 1956, pp. 297 and 309 f.
- ↑ a b c d e f 100 years - Association of Bavarian Surgeons (PDF)
- ↑ Rudolf Nissen, Mario Rossetti: The treatment of hiatal hernias and reflux oesophagitis with gastropexy and fundoplication. Indication, technique and results Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 1959; 2. rework. Edition ibid. 1981; Italian version by Cappelli, Bologna 1964
- ^ Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Hans Rudolf Berndorff: That was my life. (1951) 1956, p. 350.
- ↑ Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special reference to his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). 1985, p. 62.
- ↑ Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special reference to his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). 1985, pp. 62 and 239-245.
- ↑ Ernst Kern : Seeing - Thinking - Acting of a surgeon in the 20th century. ecomed, Landsberg am Lech 2000, ISBN 3-609-20149-5 , p. 29.
- ↑ Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special reference to his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). 1985, p. 62.
- ↑ Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special reference to his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). 1985, p. 62.
- ↑ Published by Thieme, Stuttgart 1953
- ↑ Ernst Kern: Seeing - Thinking - Acting of a surgeon in the 20th century. ecomed, Landsberg am Lech 2000. ISBN 3-609-20149-5 , pp. 29 and 315 and 330.
- ↑ Andreas Abel: A look into the new rescue center of the Charité. September 17, 2016, accessed on April 13, 2020 (German).
- ↑ prices. In: dgav.de. German Society for General and Visceral Surgery, accessed on January 10, 2020 .
- ↑ See review in JAMA .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Nissen, Rudolf |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German surgeon and university professor |
DATE OF BIRTH | September 9, 1896 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Neisse , Silesia |
DATE OF DEATH | January 22, 1981 |
Place of death | Riehen |