Alfred Kantorowicz (dentist)

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Alfred Kantorowicz, around 1935–1940

Alfred Kantorowicz (born June 18, 1880 in Poznan ; † March 6, 1962 in Bonn ) was a German physician , dentist and orthodontist , professor of dental, oral and jaw diseases and a pioneer in dental care for schools and young people . He spent 15 years in Bonn and for 17 years, from 1933 to 1950, in Turkey , where he was involved in the reform of the Istanbul University, researching and teaching in all areas of dentistry. In 1933 he was imprisoned in concentration camps in Germany for nine months . The Dental University Institute in Istanbul owes him, as its director, for its advancement to the Dental School at Central European level. In Bonn and Turkey he also published and wrote standard works on dentistry. From 1950 until his death he was, among other things, a specialist advisor for questions relating to school dental care at the Ministry of Social Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia and a member of the State Health Council.

Life

Alfred Kantorowicz was born as the son of the merchant and factory owner Wilhelm and Rosa Kantorowicz, née Gieldzinska or Gieldzinsky, in the capital of the Prussian province of Posen . In 1884 he moved to Berlin with his parents and siblings Hermann , Erich and Else . There he attended the humanistic grammar school and, after leaving grammar school after secondary school, studied dentistry (among others with Friedrich Busch ). After his license to practice medicine as a dentist on December 17, 1900, he worked for about six months in a dental practice, but then studied medicine from 1901 to 1905 in Berlin, briefly in Munich and in Freiburg im Breisgau . For this he had made up for the Abitur in 1902 at the Luisengymnasium in Berlin-Steglitz, which at that time (until 1909) was not required for his dental training. In July 1905 he passed his medical state examination as a doctor in Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in medicine on July 7, 1905, with a thesis on percussion methods . Kantorowicz received his license to practice medicine on August 7, 1906 and then worked as an assistant doctor in Berlin (in internal medicine with Alfred Goldscheider in the Rudolf Virchow Hospital and in bacteriology and infectiology (hygiene) there with Georg Jochmann and Robert Koch -Institut ), Bonn (in surgery at the Surgical University Clinic under Privy Councilor Carl Garrè ) and from 1909 in Munich at the University's Dental Institute, where he was assistant to the dentist Otto Walkhoff until 1911 . In addition to his assistantship, he published his first scientific writings.

After his at the Georg-August University Göttingen made Habilitation in dentistry at December 19, 1911 (his magnum opus entitled Bacteriological and histological studies on the caries of the dentin ), he returned to Munich, was born on 18 March 1912 by Royal order at the University of Munich appointed private lecturer and received the venia legendi (license to teach).

Kantorowicz married Annemarie Hedwig Steinlein on February 28, 1912. Out of the marriage Anna Margaretha or Anna-Margaret (called Annemarie; later Anna Margaretha Kenther - after graduating from high school on March 22, 1933 , she studied dentistry at the reform pedagogical school by the sea - see also list of well-known people with reference to the school by the sea ) , Erich (* 1916, committed suicide at the age of 13 while his father was skiing on the Uludağ and is buried in the Evangelical Cemetery in Feriköy / Şişli ), Georg Friedrich (* 1921, went to secondary school and the German grammar school in Istanbul and military service to London, where he studied dentistry. In 1952 he had a private practice in Glasgow and later became - as George F. Kantorowicz - lecturer at the Royal Dental College ) and the eldest daughter Dorothea Therese (1909-1986), called Thea, the Studied medicine, got his doctorate and married the later Nobel Prize winner Hermann Joseph Muller .

When the First World War broke out , Kantorowicz volunteered as a civilian doctor who was required to take part in the Landsturm , came to the front and to the Hagenau reserve hospital in Alsace , where he was ordinating doctor from 1916 and later head of the dental clinic. During the war he also dealt with surgery and the possibilities of aseptic local and extraoral anesthesia. Effective April 1, 1918, Kantorowicz, appointed on March 22, 1918, was appointed "Teacher of Dentistry" at the University of Bonn as successor to Max Eichler and took over the management of the private dental institute and, according to his wishes, the school dental clinic. On June 4, 1918 he received the title of professor at the University of Bonn. In accordance with his wishes, he was also given responsibility for managing the school dental clinic. From 1919 to 1933, he expanded the dental institute into one of the leading educational institutions. The nationalization of the institute and the clinic was achieved in 1921 after long negotiations. On August 23, 1921 he became associate professor and on November 23, 1921 director of the now Bonn University Dental Clinic . On April 9, 1923, he was appointed full professor of dental, oral and maxillary diseases at the Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn and thus also a professor. In November he and his Hamburg colleague Guido Fischer took part in a congress of the Polytechnic University in Moscow. Kantorowicz spoke in particular about the school dental care he sponsored and the contributions of the only two non-Russian participants were enthusiastically received.

Persecution and exile

From 1919 to 1933 Kantorowicz was a city councilor and member of the SPD parliamentary group in the city council of Bonn. By the end of 1932, National Socialist propaganda had also started in the Bonn clinic. More and more students wore brown shirts and NSDAP party badges and attacks began on Jewish lecturers and assistants - including the Jew Kantorowicz. After a stay in Moscow in 1923 and a later second trip there, he was also suspected of being a communist. In order to escape the hostility in Bonn, Kantorowicz initially took himself on leave, but returned voluntarily after friends of his had been arrested on his account and in a letter to the university curator arranged his representation in the event of his imprisonment. On April 1, 1933, he had his former student Karl Friedrich Schmidhuber drive him to the town hall and handed him over to the police. From there he was taken to the Bonn official prison. On April 7, 1933, the day the law for the restoration of the civil service came into force , he and his brother, the legal scholar Hermann Kantorowicz , were dismissed from office as a Jew and Social Democrat and no longer received any pay (the dismissal from civil service became ministerial confirmed on October 3rd). Alfred Kantorowicz was taken into " protective custody " and interned in the Börgermoor concentration camp (today the municipality of Surwold ) in Emsland. His wife, who, convinced that it was impossible to harm him, had advised him to face the police, threw herself into the Rhine. She was rescued, "but had to be taken to a sanatorium because of her mental confusion." The SS guards in the moor made fun of painfully confronting "the cantor" with his family difficulties. Later he was housed in the Lichtenburg camp for celebrities and intellectuals in Saxony and the faculty unanimously withdrew the honorary doctorate from Kantorowicz at the request of the professors by Dean Wilhelm Ceelen in December 1933.

After nine months in prison, the authorities released him after an intervention by the President of the Swedish Red Cross , Prince Carl of Sweden , at the end of December just before Christmas 1933. A diplomat from the Turkish embassy in Berlin , who probably also helped with the release Established emergency community of German scientists abroad in Zurich , visited him personally and invited him to emigrate to Istanbul .

Kantorowicz followed the associated academic call to the Istanbul University, which was newly created in 1933 under Kemal Ataturk after the dissolution of the Darülfünun , at whose medical faculty important German physicians were active (cf. also Exile in Turkey 1933-1945 ) and like Kantorowicz in reforms of the university participated, and took the train to Turkey. He also worked at the Numune Hospital in Ankara and the Institute for Hygiene there. The communication at the beginning of his work took place in French; Pertev Ata (died 1977), who was professor and scientific director at Istanbul University, translated his teaching materials into Turkish (Kantorowicz never learns the Turkish language as well as his zoological colleague Curt Kosswig, for example ). Like Kosswig, Kantorowicz lived in the Istanbul district of Bebek (in Cevdet Paşa Caddesi or 125). He was not allowed to open his own practice in Turkey. In Istanbul's Beyazıt district (in the Fatih district ), which is about two hours away on foot, he worked under Rüştü Önol as a lecturer in prosthetics in the preclinical department and then as scientific director. He was employed as a "teaching director" (Tedrisat müdürlüğü) , who was responsible, among other things, for the creation of curricula, with the status and function of a full professor, and from 1934 he took over all the responsibilities of the "Dean's Office of the Dental University, except for administration ". In addition to his work as Scientific Director of the University of Dentistry (under the Dean of the Medical Faculty A. Fahri Arel), he was also head of the Clinic for Dental, Oral and Jaw Diseases, the Clinic for Conservative Dentistry ("Practical Clinic for Dental Diseases"). and the orthodontics clinic. His successor in the chair of orthodontics was Orhan Okyay (died 1972).

For the Shah of Persia , he made an upper and lower jaw prosthesis out of rubber in Istanbul in 1935 . The treatment took place in the Dolmabahçe Palace . At the end of 1935 Kantorowicz made impressions for Prime Minister İsmet İnönü in Dolmabahçe Palace for his upper and lower jaw prosthesis. For follow-up care after the completion of the full denture made in the university, the Prime Minister came to Kantorowicz in the dental faculty and in December 1935 also visited the clinics with his wife Mevhibe İnönü. Kantorowicz, accompanied by his then assistant Lem'i Belger (see below), was consulted in May 1936 on the treatment of Ataturk's toothache (he advised Ataturk's dentist Sami Bey before the operation on the left lower jaw and also spoke with Ataturk).

From 1934 to 1948 Kantorowicz significantly influenced teaching and research in Turkey in the field of dentistry. He continued to campaign for the school dental care that he initiated in Bonn. The university reforms and study reforms that he helped to implement, as well as curriculum designs, were also included in the administrative regulations of the medical faculty for the dental institute and the dental university announced on December 25, 1948.

His sister Elsa followed him and his family into exile in Istanbul, and his brother Hermann emigrated to the United States of America . In October 1934, Alfred Kantorowicz was greeted with particular enthusiasm at an international scientific conference of German dentists in the Czechoslovak Republic in Prague . In 1947, a year before his retirement , he declined because of a serious heart disease a call to the University of Bonn from (he had suffered in his nearby apartment on the Bosphorus in Bebek his first heart attack). In his last years in Istanbul he mainly focused on nose surgery. He used ivory instead of the usual bone to reconstruct the saddle of the nose. After the Second World War, Alfred Kantorowicz received a call from Germany in 1946 to his former place of work, the Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, which he was initially unable to follow due to a heart disease (he had suffered several heart attacks). The formerly enthusiastic skier recovered well, so that he was able to do walking and running exercises again. In the following period, too, he postponed a decision to return to Germany, also out of fear of anti-Semitic tendencies in Germany. In 1948 he retired from the Istanbul University.

Remigration, renewed activity in Bonn and death

The former Hölterhoff pen

In the late autumn of 1949 Kantorowicz had some of his household effects sent to Germany with the help of the Chancellery Minister Savni Belger (a brother of Lem'i Belger, the Istanbul student and successor to Kantorowicz ') in order to return to Germany with his family in May 1950. He kept in touch with his second home and usually visited Turkey several times a year. Else, née Trapp, and Alfred Kantorowicz initially lived in the university's own Hölterhoff monastery in Honnef near Königswinter . The couple later moved to Rottenburger Strasse in Bonn. At the state conference of the “Medical-Scientific Society for Dentistry and Maxillofacial Medicine in the State of Saxony-Anhalt” in 1951, Alfred Kantorowicz was one of the speakers. In Bonn, Kantorowicz continued his writing activities in the scientific, including social medicine, field (his system of youth dental care, which he had previously introduced in Germany, had been smashed by the National Socialist regime). He also worked as a dental advisor (until 1956 he was a “specialist advisor for questions about school dental care”) for the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Reconstruction and was also a lecturer on experimental work at the Bonn Dental, Oral and Jaw Clinic, which at that time was still makeshift was housed involved. During his last visit to Istanbul in 1958, he gave a lecture on the subject of caries prophylaxis . At the inauguration of the newly built University Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases on Wilhelmsplatz in 1960 by Gustav Korkhaus , a student of Kantorowicz, he was the guest of honor at the side of his other students Wilhelm Balters and Karl-Friedrich Schmidhuber (Dean of the Medical Faculty Cologne from 1955 to 1957) present. Shortly before his death, accompanied by Else Kantorowicz, he celebrated his golden lecturer anniversary at an academic ceremony at the Bonn Medical Faculty on February 17, 1962 (in the presence of Rector Troll, Director Korkhaus and Professors Zilkens, Balters and Schmidhuber) and held the Lectio aurea ( Is caries increasing in Germany? ). During the anniversary celebration, Kantorowicz developed an acute appendicitis , but his heart did not fully recover after its surgical treatment. He died at the age of almost 82 on March 6, 1962. Alfred Kantorowicz's ashes were buried in Bonn at the Poppelsdorf cemetery , where he now has a grave of honor. His wife Else Kantorowicz still lived in the Bonn apartment on Rottenburgerstrasse after his death.

Act

Kantorowicz was first known for his work Clinical Dentistry , examined in particular the rachitic disorders of the infant's teeth and the jaw deformities in the case of impaired breathing and also made a contribution to school dental care with some innovations. He was committed to the prevention of rickets with Vigantol . Even before the First World War, he had devoted himself to combating tooth decay as early as possible as a child. In Ruhpolding he founded the first nursing home for systematic school dental care as a model experiment on school children. However, this first attempt was interrupted by the war. Kantorowicz designed the so-called Bonn system of school dental care for the early fight against tooth decay (also called "System Kantorowicz to combat tooth decay"), put this in country areas also "Automobile dental school" and developed, by going back to his introduction of Orthodontics ( Dental regulation) continued as an examination subject in 1927, while orthodontics was a decisive factor with the so-called Bonn School . In 1927 he founded a school for dental assistants.

He has been granted several patents, including film packs, especially for X-rays , a device for suspending an electric oral lamp, especially for dental purposes , straightening means for individual teeth that can be connected to denture straightening brackets , auxiliary devices for articulators for dental or similar purposes .

During his incarceration in the Bürgermoor concentration camp from April to December 1933, he worked there as a dentist. His colleague Schmidhuber had sent him the necessary instruments that were later acquired by the Faculty of Dentistry at Istanbul University.

When opening abscesses below the periosteum, Kantorowicz used the method of intramucosal anesthesia, which was frowned upon at the time (as opposed to submucosal anesthesia), which he described in 1937 and which, after concerns about the injection into the infectious area, had been dispelled and the advantage of when the Effect of the injected local anesthetic , complete freedom from pain during the intervention from Turkey also found its way to Germany. He performed larger ( maxillofacial ) operations, such as jaw lengthening and shortening, under chlorine-diethyl general anesthesia.

Kantorowicz was not only active as a dentist, orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon, but had also earned an international reputation as a plastic surgeon through cleft lip and palate operations, nose corrections (including nose reductions) and facelifts.

In Turkey, his second home country, Kantorowicz not only researched and taught, but also introduced experimental research into dentistry there. According to Philipp Schwartz , the German director of the Istanbul Pathological Institute, "the Dental University Institute İstanbul [...] owes its rise to the level of Central Europe". Together with the professor and head of the conservation department, Kâzım Esat Devrim, who held the office of administrative director, Kantorowicz ensured that the standard dental study period in Turkey was extended from three to four years. While Kantorowicz was still working in Istanbul, the new doctoral regulations that he helped to create were approved in September 1949. Dentists from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Poland, Bulgaria and Hungary attended his advanced training events.

Gustav Korkhaus (1895–1978), who owed his academic development in orthodontic science to Kantorowicz, was one of his students . His students and colleagues also included the important Turkish dentist Lem'i Belger (born 1909), who translated many of Kantorowicz's works into Turkish, became Kantarowicz's closest colleague and friend, and was initially Kantorowicz's assistant in several departments at Istanbul University, then completed his habilitation in 1938, became a lecturer in 1942 and was given the chair of prosthetics in 1958, as well as the later professors Pertev Ata, Feyzullah Doğruer, Suat İsmail Gürkan (dean and scientific director of the dental faculty), Şevket Tagay (later director of the medical school), Ziya Cemal Büyül Aksoy, Orhan Okyay, Ferruh Aközsoy (habilitated in 1950) and the later oral surgeon Kemal Yüce. Belger was Kantorowicz's helper and friend from his first day in Istanbul. In 1938 he was also the first doctoral student under Kantorowicz in Turkey with his work on an examination method for determining the elasticity of the oral mucosa, and after a brief period as a professor in Istanbul went to Germany. Else Trapp, his future wife, also belonged to Kantorowicz's team. Even after his return to Bonn, Alfred Kantorowicz was involved for the rest of his life in youth dental care, which owes its principles to him worldwide, and school dental care in kindergartens and schools, worked on behalf of the federal government, stimulated experimental research in the Bonn University Clinic and gave lectures in Germany and Turkey. The scientist, who also deals with socio-medical issues, advocated that the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse should fully cover the costs for dental treatments if the patient had his teeth checked regularly.

Honors

  • 1906 Prize for his doctoral thesis at Berlin University
  • 1917 Iron Cross, 2nd class
  • 1926 Awarded an honorary doctorate in dentistry by the Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn
  • 1930 German gymnastics and sports badge in gold (first in a race on May 15, 1930 in Berlin)
  • Naming of the Istanbul Medical Library after Kantorowicz in recognition of his work
  • 1955 Honorary doctorate in human medicine from the Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn
  • 1955 Honorary member of the German Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine (DGZMK)
  • 1955 honorary member of the German Committee for Youth Dental Care
  • 1958 Honorary doctorate from Istanbul University
  • 1962 Golden lecturer anniversary with medal
  • 1962 Commemoration of the Medical School (with speeches by Director Direktorevkat Tagay, Pertev Ata and Lem'i Belger) of Istanbul University on March 17th
  • 2001 Name of the large lecture hall of the Bonn Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine after Kantorowicz
  • 2017 Conversion of his grave, which was abandoned and leveled in the summer of 2015 and restored in 2016, into a grave of honor in the Poppelsdorf cemetery on the 55th anniversary of his death on March 6th - the "Dentist's Day" - by the city of Bonn

Fonts (selection)

  • About the structure and formation of the melt droplets. In: German monthly for dentistry. 1904.
  • Critique of the newer methods of percussion. Medical dissertation Freiburg im Breisgau 1906.
  • Bacteriological and histological studies of the caries of the dentin. Leipzig 1911 (= German dentistry in lectures. Issue 21).
  • Prosthetic internship for preclinicals. 1918; 2nd edition 1926; 3rd, Turkish, revised, updated and supplemented edition with an appendix (with the collaboration of the surgeon Sadi Belgers and translated by his brother, the dentist Lem'i Belger), Istanbul 1940; 4th, abridged edition Hanser, Munich 1950 (in German). - apart from a small volume by Halil Salih published in 1909, the first prosthetic book in Turkey.
  • Clinical dentistry. 2 volumes. Berlin 1924 (2nd edition 1928, 3rd edition 1930).
  • Daily questions in surgical, conservative and technical dentistry. Berlin 1925.
  • Conservative dentistry. Munich 1925
  • as publisher: concise dictionary of all dentistry. Leipzig 1929–1931. (4 volumes).
  • Diştababeti imtihanı için repetitorium. (The revision course for the dental exam.) Translated by Muhiddin Erel and Pertev Ata. Kader basımevi, Istanbul 1938. - The “Bible” of the dental students preparing for exams up to the 1950s
  • The opening of abscesses under intramucous anesthesia. In: Journal of Stomatology. No. 21, 1937, pp. 1431-1433.
  • The open bite heals. 1939.
  • Diştabeti preklinik protez laboratory bilgisi. Translated into Turkish by Lem'i Belger. Istanbul 1940.
  • Diştabeti Şirürjisi. (Dental surgery.) (= İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınlarından. Volume 181). Translated by Pertev Ata. 3 volumes. Kenan matbassı, Istanbul 1943. - A "modern dental surgery" at the time, based on clinical dentistry (1928)
  • The statics of the partial prosthesis. In: German Dental Journal. Volume 4, No. 3/4, 1946, pp. 141–158 - in collaboration with William Prager
  • Revision course in clinical dentistry for the state examination. Constance 1949.
  • Inhibition and promotion of the growth of the jaw. In: Dental World. No. 6, 1949, pp. 141-148 and 151 f.
  • Diş Çürüğü Profilaksi'si. In: Türk Diştabipleri Cemiyeti Mecmuası. Volume XXIXI, Issue 171, 1958, p. 1 ff. - For caries prophylaxis.

literature

  • Ingeborg Rose [-Dams]: Alfred Kantorowicz. His life and importance for dentistry. Medical dissertation. Bonn 1969. - first dissertation on Alfred Kantorowicz (supervisor: Johannes Steudel ).
  • Ernst Sauerwein: To commemorate the 100th birthday of Professor Dr. Alfred Kantorowicz. In: German dental journal. Volume 35, 1980, p. 527 f.
  • Linda Marion Krebs: The life and work of Alfred Kantorowicz (1880–1962). In: Türk-Alman tıbbi ilişkileri Simpozyumu bildirileri, İstanbul, 24. – 25. September 1981. Istanbul 1981, pp. 195-201.
  • Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special consideration of his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). Medical dissertation. Würzburg 1985, ISBN 3-921456-71-1 .
  • Ralf Forsbach : The Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn in the “Third Reich”. Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57989-4 , in particular pp. 335-347.
  • Dominik Groß : Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care (= pioneer of dentistry. 13). In: Dental communications. Issue 7, 2018.
  • Herbert Kremer, Hubertus Büchs: History of the clinic and polyclinic for mouth, tooth and jaw diseases of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. Bonn 1969, pp. 49-99.
  • Andreas Mettenleiter : Testimonials, memories, diaries and letters from German-speaking doctors. Supplements and supplements III (I – Z). In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 22, 2003, pp. 269-305, here: pp. 270 f.
  • Werner E. Gerabek : Kantorowicz, Alfred. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 716 f.
  • Arslan Terzioğlu: Türk-Alman tıbbi ilişkileri. Simpozyum bildirileri, 18 ve 19 Ekim 1976 İstanbul. Istanbul 1981, pp. 3-18.
  • Werner Röder; Herbert A. Strauss (Ed.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933–1945 . Volume 2.1. Saur, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 593.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. (= Pioneer of dentistry. 13). In: Dental communications. Issue 7, 2018.
  2. ^ Leonie Breunung, Manfred Walther: The emigration of German-speaking jurists from 1933. A bio-bibliographical handbook. Volume 1: Western European countries, Turkey, Palestine / Israel, Latin American countries, South African Union . De Gruyter, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-025910-0 , pp. 219 ( google.com ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special consideration of his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). Medical dissertation, Würzburg 1985, ISBN 3-921456-71-1 .
  4. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  5. ↑ Pertev Ata: Dear guests, dear friends! (Speech from 1962) In: Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special consideration of his work in İstanbul (A contribution to the history of modern dentistry). 1985, pp. 303-305, here: p. 303.
  6. ↑ Pertev Ata: Dear guests, dear friends! 1962, p. 303.
  7. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  8. ^ Alfred Kantorowicz: Critique of the newer methods of percussion. Medical dissertation Freiburg im Breisgau 1906.
  9. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil: Encyclopedia Medical History . Walter de Gruyter, 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-097694-6 , pp. 716-717 ( google.com ).
  10. ↑ a b c Freddy Litten, Alfred Kantorowicz - Short biography , October 19, 2016. Accessed September 30, 2017.
  11. ^ Stiftung Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaflets of the outer community of Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 14th circular, April 1933, p. 10.
  12. ^ Herbert Kremer, Hubertus Büchs: History of the clinic and polyclinic for mouth, tooth and jaw diseases of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. Bonn 1969, pp. 49-99.
  13. ^ Ralf Forsbach: The Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn in the Third Reich. Oldenbourg-Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57989-4 , pp. 402-403.
  14. ^ A b Thomas Becker: Between dictatorship and a new beginning: The University of Bonn in the 'Third Reich' and in the post-war period . V&R Unipress, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89971-593-4 , pp. 134 ( google.com ).
  15. ↑ Linda Marion Krebs: The life and work of Alfred Kantorowicz (1880-1962). In: Türk-Alman tıbbi ilişkileri Simpozyumu bildirileri, İstanbul, 24. – 25. September 1981. Istanbul 1981, pp. 195–201, here: p. 196.
  16. ↑ Guido Fischer , Alfred Kantorowicz: Report on the visit to the Odontology Congress in Moscow from 26.-30. November 1923. In: Zahnärztliche Rundschau. Central sheet for the entire dentistry. No. 5/6, (Berlin) 1924, pp. 1-6.
  17. ^ Herbert Kremer, Hubertus Büchs: History of the clinic and polyclinic for mouth, tooth and jaw diseases of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. Bonn 1969, p. 97 f.
  18. ↑ WG: Tageswelt. In: Dental World. 1, 1946, p. 69.
  19. ↑ Wolfgang Langhoff: The Moorsoldaten . Verlag Neuer Weg, 11th edition, 2014.
  20. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  21. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  22. ↑ Ekkhard Häussermann, German Dentists 1933–1945 , AKFOS newsletter, organ of the interdisciplinary working group for forensic odontology of the German Society for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and the German Society for Forensic Medicine, (2009) year 16, no. 3 , Pp. 42-53. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  23. ↑ Heinz Anstock reports in his memoirs that Kantorowicz benefited from an intervention by the Swedish Crown Prince, who stood up for him because of his services to children's dental care, in addition to the use of Turkish posts. Anstock lived temporarily in the family's household in Istanbul and had previously been friends with their daughter Thea in Cologne . Book edition 2007, self-published, without ISBN, p. 135.
  24. ↑ Cf. for example Alfred Kantorowicz: Development tendencies of school dental care. Presentation, given on IX. International Dental Congress of the FDI, Vienna 2. – 8. August 1936.
  25. ^ Scientific conference of German dentists in Prague. In: Internationales Ärztliches Bulletin, 1st year (1934), Issue 10–11 (October-November), pp. 157–158 (digitized version )
  26. ^ Ralf Forsbach: Persecuted, expelled, rehabilitated. Alfred Kantorowicz and his colleagues in Bonn (1933–1962). In: Dominik Groß, Jens Westemeier, Mathias Schmidt, Thorsten Halling, Matthis Krischel (eds.): Dentists and dentistry in the "Third Reich" - An inventory (= Medicine and National Socialism. 6), Berlin, Münster 2018, p. 197– 213.
  27. ↑ Ernst Sauerwein: In memory of the 100th birthday of Professor Dr. Alfred Kantorowicz. In: German dental journal. Volume 35, 1980, p. 527 f.
  28. ^ Wolfgang Kirchhoff: Alfred Kantorowicz and Gustav Korkhaus - One topic, two world views. In: Dental communications. Volume 99, No. 19, 2009, pp. 112-119.
  29. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  30. ^ Ingeborg Rose: Alfred Kantorowicz. His life and importance for dentistry. Medical dissertation Bonn 1969, p. 22.
  31. ^ Wolfgang Kirchhoff: Alfred Kantorowicz and Gustav Korkhaus - One topic, two world views. zm online, October 1, 2009, accessed September 29, 2017 .
  32. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  33. ^ Dominik Groß: Alfred Kantorowicz - pioneer of youth dental care. 2018.
  34. ^ Herbert Kremer, Hubertus Büchs: History of the clinic and polyclinic for mouth, tooth and jaw diseases of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. Bonn 1969, pp. 152–154 and 165.
  35. ^ Poppelsdorf cemetery. Honorary grave for pioneers of dentistry.
  36. ↑ Linda Marion Krebs: The life and work of Alfred Kantorowicz (1880-1962). 1981, p. 196 f.
  37. ^ Ingeborg Rose: Alfred Kantorowicz. His life and importance for dentistry. Medical dissertation Bonn 1969, p. 14.
  38. ^ Elisabeth Schenck - Bonn. The importance of the school dental clinic for school dental care. In: The Socialist Doctor . 4th year (1928), Issue 3–4 (December), pp. 25–30 (digitized version)
  39. ↑ Max Jarecki. The importance of the school dental clinic for school dental care. In: The Socialist Doctor. Volume 5 (1929), Issue 2 (June), pp. 73–76 (digitized version )
  40. ↑ On the history of youth dental care - A look into the past of group prophylaxis. zm online, May 1, 2003, accessed September 29, 2017 .
  41. ^ Herbert Kremer, Hubertus Büchs: History of the clinic and polyclinic for mouth, tooth and jaw diseases of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. 1969, p. 76.
  42. ^ Ingeborg Rose: Alfred Kantorowicz. His life and importance for dentistry. 1969, p. 67 f.
  43. ^ Herbert Kremer, Hubertus Büchs: History of the clinic and polyclinic for mouth, tooth and jaw diseases of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. 1969, pp. 98-101.
  44. ^ Alfred Kantorowicz: The opening of abscesses under intramucosal anesthesia. In: Journal of Stomatology. Issue 21, 1937, pp. 1431-1433.
  45. ↑ Ernst Sauerwein: In memory of the 100th birthday of Professor Dr. Alfred Kantorowicz. In: German dental journal. Volume 35, 1980, p. 527 f.
  46. ↑ One topic, two worldviews , Dental Communications, October 1, 2009, issue 19/2009. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  47. ↑ Rosemarie Mattern, "Alfred Kantorowicz and Gustav Korkhaus as pioneers of orthodontics in Germany and their relationship to one another in the field of tension of history", master's thesis for obtaining the "Master of Science Orthodontics" (MSc), 2009, University of Krems.
  48. ↑ Metin Gürlük: The German-Turkish medical exchange. A study by the Istanbul dentist Lem'i Belger. Medical dissertation Würzburg 1986. Ed. By Arslan Terzioglu. Khalkedon Books, Istanbul.
  49. ↑ Ernst Sauerwein: In memory of the 100th birthday of Professor Dr. Alfred Kantorowicz. In: German dental journal. Volume 35, 1980, p. 527 f.
  50. ↑ Pertev Ata: Dear guests, dear friends! 1962, p. 303.
  51. ↑ Wolfgang Kirchhoff: Medical History Colloquium - Doctors and Judaism in the Mirror of History. zm online, February 16, 2010, accessed September 29, 2017 .
  52. ^ DGZMK: Honorary Members .
  53. ^ German Committee for Youth Dental Care: Honor of Professor Kantorowicz. In: Dental communications. Volume 43, 1955, p. 861
  54. ↑ Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special consideration of his work in Istanbul: a contribution to the history of modern dentistry . University of Würzburg, 1985 ( google.com ). , P. 77.
  55. ↑ Hartlmair: Lectio aurea in Bonn. Prof. Kantorowicz celebrated his golden anniversary as a lecturer. In: Dental communications. Volume 52, 1962, pp. 271-272.
  56. ↑ Ord. Prof. Dr.Dr. Alfred Kantorowicz is no longer with us [...]. In: Odonto-Stomatology. Volume 1, No. 1, 1962, p. 38. - Cf. also Ord. A. Kantorowicz 1880–1962. In: Odonto-Stomatologi. Volume 2, No. 2, (Istanbul) 1962, pp. 12-16.
  57. ^ Ralf Forsbach: The Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn in the "Third Reich" . De Gruyter, 2006, ISBN 3-486-84020-7 , p. 56 ( google.com ).
  58. ↑ Nicolas Ottersbach, grave of honor for pioneers of dentistry. In: General-Anzeiger. March 7, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Kantorowicz, Alfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German dentist
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Poses
DATE OF DEATH March 6, 1962
Place of death Bonn