List of well-known people related to the seaside school

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This list contains known people of the former educational reform country education home school by the sea (1925-1934) in Loog on the North Sea island of Juist ( East Frisia ) in the Free State of Prussia . On the basis of the very different characters acting and their life paths, it allows a differentiated historical classification and classification of this school pilot project, which differs from most of the others due to its musical focus, but especially due to the " Performing Play " initiated by Martin Luserke in its own theater hall School projects differed. For many contemporaries interested in art in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, this made the SaM particularly worthy of support - across all parties.

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1931: Panorama photo (partial view) of the school by the sea from the north-east, looking south-west, taken in the early morning . On the left the main building "This side" with the dining room in the lower extension, on the right the northern part of the "Arche". To the right of the newly built hall for choir, orchestra, amateur play and indoor sports the “Ubben- / Mamminga-Haus” (white), the “do” (with hipped roof ) and the southern part of the “re” (light, at the edge of the picture). The photo is missing the “Westfalenhalle” southeast of “This side”, the south-facing buildings “Jenseits”, the stable on the “Olymp”, the girls' house “Gaurisankar” and the boathouse, the northwestern “mi” including the Ahrens house as well as the "Newfoundland" in the northeast

Known teachers

Ellen Abel-Musgrave, ca.1924
  • Ellen Abel-Musgrave (1908–1988) was born in Clifton, a suburb of Bristol in England . She was the eldest child of the chemist, physician, educator, journalist, author and translator Curt Abel-Musgrave (1860-1938) and his wife Charlotte (1871-1923), née Prüfer. Her younger brother was Richard Abel-Musgrave (1910–2007), born in Königstein im Taunus , who later gained international renown as an economist. After the Lyceumreife ( middle school leaving certificate ) acquired at the Taunus Institute in Königstein im Taunus , she attended the economic women's school in Weilbach near Flörsheim am Main. She then continued her education in literature and art in Weimar at the institute of the Secret State Councilor Guyet. From 1927 she attended the Dora Menzler School for gymnastics, designed movement and music education in Leipzig and in the Baltic resort of Wustrow , which focused on training in naturist gymnastics and expressive dance. In 1929 Ellen Abel-Musgrave received her diploma as a state-certified gymnastics teacher and worked from 1929 to 1930 at the school by the sea in Juist, where she became a member of the SaM external community in 1930 . She left the SaM early in order to follow her father Curt to the Netherlands in 1931, where she taught gymnastics courses for women and children in The Hague and Scheveningen. During the Nazi era, Ellen was not allowed to practice her teaching profession in Germany due to her partly Jewish descent. It was only in the early 1960s that she was able to pick up on this professionally in Hamburg.
  • Rudolf Aeschlimann (1884–1961), called "Aeschli", teacher of French, (Italian), geography and history, came from Switzerland. In 1906, together with Paul Geheeb , August Halm , Martin Luserke and Gustav Wyneken, he was one of the men and teachers from the very beginning when the Free School Community of Wickersdorf was founded . From 1918 he was married to the teacher Helene Pahl (1893–1987), who had been teaching English there since 1915, from 1925 at the SaM. From October 1924 Aeschlimann was a member of the board of trustees of the Schule am Meer foundation . In 1925 the teacher couple, together with Fritz Hafner , Martin Luserke and Paul Reiner, belonged to the group of secessionists who left the FSG Wickersdorf to found the school by the sea in Juist . From 1917–1924 managing director of FSG Wickersdorf , Aeschlimann was also the manager and “farmer” of the SaM. He is said to have felt particularly happy there and made special efforts to look after the more difficult students.
  • Antonia Cordes (1902–1992), called "Toni", was a daughter of Heinrich Cordes and sister of the SaM student Clara Cordes. In the summer of 1926 Toni taught biology as a guest teacher at the Schule am Meer , the middle course the systematics of zoology, the upper course human anatomy. She was one of the shop stewards of the school by the sea . Later she was an assistant doctor at the University Women's Clinic in Jena . Antonia Cordes was approved in 1929 and received her doctorate in 1933. In 1933 she applied for membership in the NSDAP , but was rejected because her mother Yuksin Chou was of Chinese descent. From 1935 she worked as a resident doctor in Apolda, Thuringia. In 1941 she was recognized as a specialist in gynecology. Her brother Ernst Cordes (1908–1983) was a member of the SaM external community
  • Fritz Hafner (1877–1964), painter, teacher of drawing, writing and local history, came from Austria. He came in 1925 with Rudolf Aeschlimann , Martin Luserke and Paul Reiner from the Free School Community of Wickersdorf , where he had been an art teacher since 1905, and was a member of the board of trustees of the Schule am Meer foundation . With his family he was the only one of the teaching staff to stay on Juist until the end of his life. From 1934/35 he was able to transfer the teaching material collection of the school that he and his colleagues Max Oettli , Paul Reiner and Erna Vohsen had built up as the basis of the newly founded Heimatmuseum der Insel Juist (now the Juist Coastal Museum ), which he managed until 1953 before his son for another three years.
Walter Jockisch , around 1932
  • Walter Jockisch (1907–1970) from Danzig received his doctorate in Frankfurt am Main in 1930 in German on the subject of "Andreas Gryphius and the literary baroque". He then went on to teach German at SaM , who was very committed to amateur play in the theater hall of the Schule am Meer . In retrospect he was described by Hans Werner Henze as a “gaunt anthroposophical pedagogue and theater man”. From 1935 he worked as a game director, dramaturge, senior director, artistic adviser, director and artistic director in Frankfurt am Main, Göttingen, Essen, Darmstadt, Kiel, Hanover, Oberhausen, Heidelberg, Bonn and in Switzerland in Lucerne and most recently in Münster. Since his youth, Jockisch was friends with Edgar Weil (1908–1941), his brother Hans Joseph Weil (1906–1969), Grete Dispeker and Thomas Mann's children Erika and Klaus Mann . His wife Gisela (1905–1985), née Günther, who had met Eduard Zuckmayer at SaM , followed him into exile in Turkey. After the marriage, Zuckmayer adopted Jockisch's daughter, Michaela "Michele" (later married Schenkirz). From 1947 Jockisch lived with his childhood friend Grete Weil , born in the Netherlands, who had returned from the Netherlands . Dispeker, who was married to his friend Edgar Weil, who was murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1941 . In 1960 they married.
  • Friedrich Könekamp (1897–1977) from Offenburg, teacher for mathematics and physics at the SaM between 1928 and 1930. His wife Irmgard taught English. He turned away from Christianity completely, was socialist oriented and committed. His artistic activities as a painter were reflected, among other things, on Spartacus posters. From 1933 he was on the Gestapo wanted lists , so that he had to go into exile. His scientific, literary and artistic work has remained largely unknown in his home country Germany due to the forced emigration . In 1967 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st class.
Martin Luserke , 1931
Heinrich Meyer , 1929
  • Heinrich Meyer (1904–1977) was a teacher of Latin and German at the Schule am Meer from 1928 to 1930 immediately after graduating . In the spring of 1931 he became a member of the outer community. On June 11, 1930 he boarded the "Crefeld" of North German Lloyd in Bremen to Galveston and emigrated to the USA. There taught Franke as a professor of German and literature at various universities. In 1939 he made it possible for the German literary scholar Eduard Berend to escape deportation and death. In 1972 Meyer was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st Class. Until the end of his life he was on friendly terms with his SaM colleague Fritz Rittmeyer. As a result of the horticulture practiced at the Schule am Meer , Meyer remained very interested in this topic throughout his life. He collected and studied, among other things, a large number of German and foreign-language books from several centuries on the subject. Over the decades he also planted thousands of flower bulbs himself, particularly the hyacinths, daffodils and tulips that bloom in spring.
Max Oettli , 1929
  • Max Oettli (1879–1965), teacher of biology and chemistry, had taught at the first rural education home in Switzerland at Glarisegg Castle until 1921 . He advocated that students in natural history classes could carry out their own experiments and published Das Forscherbuch - Suggestions for observations and experiments - as early as 1919 . He later headed the Swiss Central Office for Combating Alcoholism in Lausanne , founded the office of the Association for the Education of Tobacco Dangers , headed the Association of Opponents of Alcohol and was a member of the youth literature commission of the Swiss Teachers' Association . He was employed in the SaM between 1928 and 1931 .
  • Paul Reiner (1886–1932), teacher of chemistry and physics. The Franconian did a doctorate in chemistry, came from the youth movement and was a co-founder of the first German abstinent youth association and the southern German wandering bird . He belonged to the circle around the poet Stefan George , was assistant to the economist and sociologist Alfred Weber during his studies and in 1919 a member of the board of the revolutionary decided youth of Germany (EJD). He was also an employee of the ultra-left politician Karl Korsch in the Thuringian cabinet made up of the SPD and KPD . At the Schule am Meer , to which he moved with Rudolf Aeschlimann , Fritz Hafner and Martin Luserke from the Free School Community of Wickersdorf , he published the sheets of the outlying community of the Schule am Meer (see main article, section Works ). In addition, he led the SaM “seminar” , which dealt with social, political and cultural issues. For civics he was qualified by studying his other subjects sociology and philosophy. Together with his natural history colleagues Erna Vohsen, Max Oettli and Fritz Hafner, who had also studied mineralogy, he created the SaM's teaching material collection . He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the School by the Sea Foundation and took turns with Luserke in the school management. His wife Anni taught German and arithmetic. They lived in the ark with their four daughters . Paul Reiner's early death in Zurich was painful for the SaM .
  • Born in Winterthur Jakob Fritz Rittmeyer (1903-1981) was a teacher of German studies and history at the SaM He had in 1927 at the University of Zurich on the problem of the tragic Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz doctorate . The activity on Juist was his first as a teacher after graduation and doctorate. He had a close friendship with Heinrich Meyer, who was teaching at the same time at the SaM . Rittmeyer married in 1936, had four children with his wife Verena (1916–2004) and taught at the Küsnacht seminar, which he had to temporarily leave as its deputy director after the end of the war because of politically justified disputes. His rehabilitation followed years later. He was also active as a writer.
  • Günther Rönnebeck (1901–1986) taught German, history and English at the school by the sea . It was after World War II by Adolf Grimme brought into the Prefect Hannover, where he was first secretary for education reform. After the founding of the state of Lower Saxony, he was head of the department for school affairs from 1947 as a high school councilor and from 1952 as ministerial director. As a co-author he was involved, among other things, in teaching material for community studies at grammar schools.
  • Kurt Sydow (1908–1981) worked from 1929–1932 as a music teacher at the Schule am Meer . When Nikolaus, who read a chronicle of the times as a humorous rhyming epistle, he particularly convinced the younger SaM students. The music pedagogue, composer and musicologist from Pomerania later became rector of the Adolf Reichwein University in Osnabrück and published publications with his former colleagues Martin Luserke and Eduard Zuckmayer .
  • Erna Vohsen (1904–), physics teacher, was at the school by the sea from 1925–1930 . During her school career, she received her doctorate in 1928 with a dissertation on X-ray examinations of metals. Together with Fritz Hafner , Max Oettli and Paul Reiner , she created the SaM teaching material collection . In the spring of 1930 she joined the outlying community as a member. Her assessor thesis, which was presented in 1931 and also contains illustrations, dealt with physics lessons at the school by the sea . On August 6, 1935, Vohsen left her home on board the " Bremen " of the North German Lloyd for Southampton . There she married the London architect Herry and from then on she carried the double name Vohsen-Herry.
Erne Wehnert on Juist, around 1930
  • Erna Wehnert (1900–1985), called “Erne” at her own request, was a teacher of English and Latin at the SaM. According to the logbook of the school by the sea , she was strongly committed to school sailing, diving in the sea and performing Game . Her younger sister Hild Wehnert (1911–1996) passed her Abitur in the spring of 1930 at the SaM and joined its outer community as a member. Together with Dieter and Martin Luserke and Beate Köstlin (later: Uhse) Erne Wehnert went on Luserkes Krake . After the end of the war, the Fischland on the Mecklenburg or West Pomerania Baltic coast reminded them of Juist. From October 1946 she headed the two schools in Althagen (Mecklenburg) and Ahrenshoop (Western Pomerania) and rebuilt the school there with commitment. By Rudolf Aeschlimann supervised subsistence of the school by the sea reached Wehnert in Althagen and Ahrenshoop well as on Luserkes role play , she with she founded Fischländer game crowd adapted. In Ahrenshoop, people still fondly remember the headmistress and teacher who worked there until 1970; The Erne-Wehnert-Weg of the seaside resort in the district of Niehagen is named in her honor, where she died. She was buried in the cemetery of the Schifferkirche .
Eduard Zuckmayer on the harpsichord
  • Eduard Zuckmayer (1890–1972), called "Zuck", music teacher, composer, conductor and pianist from Rheinhessen , is the older brother of the writer Carl Zuckmayer ( Der Hauptmann von Köpenick ) , who is classified as highly gifted . In Munich he studied law and music, conducted at the Mainz City Theater and taught at the Mainz Conservatory . In 1925 he followed Luserke's call to Juist and broke off a very promising career as a concert pianist. He liked the school by the sea so much that he got involved there with great vigor and a high level of productivity (see main article, section Works ) and stayed until the school closed in 1934. After a brief interlude at the Odenwald School , he was excluded from the Reich Chamber of Culture (RKK) in 1935 for “racial” reasons . After emigrating to Turkey through Paul Hindemith , he was commissioned by State President Kemal Ataturk to shape Turkish music education, into which he integrated the principles of the German youth music movement . He trained almost all Turkish music teachers until 1970 and has remained a respected and remembered personality there to this day. Gisela Jockisch (1905–1985), née Günther, the wife of his colleague Walter Jockisch , whom he met at SaM , followed him to Ankara in 1938 with her little daughter "Michele" (later married Schenkirz). After getting married in 1947, he adopted the girl. He remained connected to the SaM all his life and maintained friendly contacts with former students such as Oswald Graf zu Münster Freiherr von Grothaus until his death . For the ex-CEO of Daimler AG , Edzard Reuter , Zuckmayer was a "very fine, very quiet man". An atmosphere emerged from this that was “very unique” “when he sat down at the piano and played”. A documentary from 2015 highlights Zuckmayer's work.

Known students

  • The Berlin Gottfried Bruno Ahrends (* 1917) was the youngest of four children of the renowned Berlin architect Bruno Ahrends . Gottfried visited the SaM between around 1927 and 1933. During the Nazi era, the family was forced to leave the country because of their Jewish origins. Gottfried managed to emigrate to South Africa in a roundabout way. There he married and had two sons.
Klaus Bamberger , around 1931
  • Born in Bamberg in Upper Franconia , Klaus Bamberger (1920–2008) was a student at the Schule am Meer from autumn 1930 to Christmas 1933 . In the local Loog , Klaus lived like the other youngest SaM students at the time in the "bow" of the Newfoundland house , where a Miss Neumann ruled "with an energetic hand", as his fellow student Maria Becker remembered. He became friends with this as well as with Ruth Reiner, the latter a daughter of the SaM teacher couple Annemarie and Paul Reiner . His father Otto Bamberger was taken into so-called “ protective custody ” in 1933 , came back a broken man and died shortly afterwards at the age of 48. Headmaster Martin Luserke informed the 12-year-old about his death . As a result of the pressure from the Juister National Socialists on the SaM , which led to the founding of a Hitler Youth group in the boarding school despite internal resistance from students and teachers , Klaus switched to the Pre-Alpine Boys' Institute in early 1934 in order to avoid Nazi discrimination. Schmidt moved to St. Gallen in Switzerland, where he stayed until 1936 and developed into a lifelong sportsperson with a preference for outdoor activities such as cycling, swimming, rowing, paddling, sailing, mountaineering, hiking and skiing. In this ultra-conservative and strictly managed boarding school, he had to make major changes to the free educational methodology and choice of subjects at the co-educational S.aM. After his boarding school in St. Gallen, Klaus graduated from the French-speaking École Supérieure de Commerce in Neuchâtel , a technical college. On January 10, 1938, at the age of 17, Klaus emigrated on board the SS Manhattan from Le Havre via New York City to the United States , where he initially lived with his great-uncle Gustav "Gus" Bamberger (1864–1943) and his second wife, who had emigrated in 1886 Pauline could live in Cleveland . This was initiated by his mother Henriette (1891–1978) on the occasion of a visit to the USA in 1937. This visited him in September 1938 in Cleveland and then stayed in the USA. Klaus' big-hearted great-uncle "Gus" was a co-founder of the Bamberger-Neumann Knitting Mills Co in Cincinnati, a large textile factory with around 100 employees, which later changed its name to Bamberger-Reinthal Knitting Mills and moved to Cleveland. In 1937/38, “Gus” procured affidavits for fifteen of his German (grand) nephews so that they could emigrate to the USA, and thus probably saved their lives. Gustav's wife Pauline, who is portrayed as the opposite of her husband's character and who did not treat Klaus well, prompted him to change his first name to "Claude". As a result, he first attended a high school in Cleveland, in particular to perfect his English skills, and later attended evening classes at Cleveland College at Western Reserve University to broaden his education as a whole. Klaus attributed the fact that he was able to rely on himself during this time to his upbringing to act independently in the school by the sea . Klaus worked during the Great Depression , first as a newspaper distributor, tried in newspaper sales, worked in 7-day week as a messenger boy of a drugstore (drugstore), as a messenger boy cleaning as polisher in a brass foundry , peddling for detergents and raspberry syrup and as a floor boy in a small hat factory . In addition, he kept going back to hiking and skiing and was looking for opportunities. After the war, the US entry he enlisted in 1941 along with his cousin Gerald Francis (Gerhard Franz Philipp) Bamberger (1920-2013) and another of his friends skifahrenden volunteered for the ski patrol of the 10th Mountain Division of the US Army and was added in February 1942 moved to Camp Hale, Colorado as a ski trooper. In September of the same year, however, he was dismissed from the army for health reasons when a knee injury (patellar fracture) from a previous serious skiing accident made itself felt again due to the heavy stress of military training and had to be operated on. The retirement saved him from being sent to the theater of war in Europe. After his recovery, he was brought to New York City by a brother of his late father, Anton Bamberger (1886–1950), who worked for his plastics recycling company. After his death, Klaus founded his own company in New Jersey in 1951 for the manufacture and sale of plastic and rubber molding compounds , which, thanks to his merit, was one of the first companies of its kind to develop an international market in Asia. He married the Irish Catholic Kathleen "Kathy" (1926-1970), née McCauley, with whom he had two children, Claudette Mary (1958) and Stephan (1960). After separating from his first wife in the mid-1960s, he married Mo-Li (* 1945), née Siow, in 1970, who continues this company successfully today. He maintained a lifelong friendship with his SaM classmate, Maria Becker, of the same age . As early as 1935, Klaus Bamberger's mother, Henriette, invited her to her “ Sonnenhaus ” villa in Lichtenfels to spend the school holidays there. Klaus Bamberger and Maria Becker kept in correspondence during and after the Second World War , visited each other in the USA and Switzerland after the war and spent short vacations together, e. B. on the island of Nantucket in the US state of Massachusetts . Klaus or Claude, whom Nantucket strongly reminded of Juist, spent his vacation there every year from 1950 to 2008. With his wife Mo-Li, he took exactly what the students and teachers of the SaM on Juist had celebrated after getting up, a morning dip in the sea. The autobiography published by Klaus first in English and later in German also contains memories of his time at school by the sea . It makes it clear that he had taken a liking to their land management and dune protection and became a passionate hobby gardener. On the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2000, Maria Becker wrote the essay Pieces of Memory, dedicated to him, in English and German, which also contains reminiscences of the SaM . When Claude died at the age of 88, Maria Becker wrote an obituary for his funeral.
  • After a Berlin high school, Ruth Bamberger (1914–1983) attended the free school community in Wickersdorf near Saalfeld in the Thuringian Forest from 1925 , before moving to the school by the sea in Juist at Easter 1927 . In the fall of 1930 her 10-year-old brother Klaus (1920–2008) started school there as a sextan. Her father Otto Bamberger visited his two children on Juist. On March 22, 1933, Ruth passed her school leaving examination at Schule am Meer , together with Woldemar Hörnig, Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz, Hilde Müseler, Rolf Pappiér , Reiner Planck, Hans Raitelhuber, Jens Rohwer and Rudolf Stoltz. After that, she trained as a teacher at the Berlin Jewish seminar for kindergarten teachers and Hortnerinnen under the direction of doctoral Lina K. Wolff (* 1897). This was a sister of Ruth's mother Henriette (1891–1978) and thus Ruth's aunt. During this training, she completed an internship at the Jewish school camp of Hugo Rosenthal in Mr. Lingen . Then Ruth went to England as an au pair to a family of the DuPont dynasty . In 1938 Ruth emigrated to the United States, where she was appointed head of the newly established Jewish kindergarten in Louisville , Kentucky . Later she specialized in the educational care of mentally handicapped children and became a respected advisor in this field.
Maria Becker , around 1932
  • Berlin-based Maria Becker (1920–2012), film and theater actress, director and radio play speaker, described her visit to the school by the sea , where she made her first theater experience, as the “happiest time” in her life: “The teachers took us children seriously and supported us in every imaginable way. This experience shaped me deeply. ”She stayed in contact with her SaM classmate Klaus Bamberger (1920–2008), who emigrated in 1938, throughout her life . In the Third Reich , she and her sister Thea were considered to be “ half-Jewish ” or “ first-degree Jewish mixed race ”. In 1936, Becker emigrated to Austria with her sister and her Jewish mother, where she was able to attend the Max Reinhardt Seminar despite her young age . In March 1938, however, she had to flee abroad again because of the invasion of the German Wehrmacht in Austria . Her half-sister is the future actress Renate Becker .
  • The Chinese born Herbert von Borch (1909–2003), sociologist, journalist and publicist, attended the Schule am Meer from 1925 until he graduated from high school in 1928. He was one of the sixteen students along with Clara Cordes, Walter Georg Kühne and Günther Leitz who followed the secession of Martin Luserke , Rudolf Aeschlimann and Paul Reiner from the Free School Community of Wickersdorf to Juist. His family came from the Magdeburg nobility . After graduating from high school, as a student he was one of the sponsors of the school by the sea . After studying in Berlin, Frankfurt am Main and Heidelberg with Karl Jaspers and Alfred Weber , he received his doctorate in 1933. He worked as a journalist until 1943; 1935 to 1939 as a foreign correspondent in Rome. In 1949 he founded the journal Aussenpolitik, which was published until 1998 . From the 1960s to the 1980s he published a number of books, some of which appeared in several languages, on sociological and historical topics. He worked as a correspondent in the USA for the FAZ , Die Welt and SZ and has received several awards. He shaped the image of the United States for a whole generation of Germans .
  • Gerhard Bry (1911–1996) from Berlin , known as “Gerd”, passed his matriculation examination at SaM in 1930 , which he completed with Hans Ulrich Arnold, Felix Henn, Walter Georg Kühne and Hild Wehnert (1911–1996). Immediately afterwards he began to study law in Heidelberg and Berlin , but had to give up after the transfer of power to the National Socialists and keep himself afloat with auxiliary work because he had been recruited for the underground organization Neu Beginnen in 1932 . Later he started a commercial apprenticeship. In the summer of 1935 he was in increasing danger due to his underground activities, so that friends urged him to emigrate. He left Germany with his future wife Thea Henkin , née Hackelberg, first went to London and emigrated with her to the USA in 1938. From there he supplied his former comrade in arms Robert Havemann with food shipments and scientific publications during the Second World War . In the USA, Gerd began again to study economics and taught as a university professor. He died in the United States at the age of 85 and was buried in Waltham , Middlesex, Massachusetts .
  • The Chinese-born Clara Cordes (1907–1985), known as "Clärchen", attended the German School in Beijing between 1915 and 1923 , and then the Wickersdorf Free School Community . In 1925 she was one of the sixteen students who followed Rudolf Aeschlimann , Martin Luserke and Paul Reiner from there to the school by the sea in Juist. From 1927 to 1929 she was trained as a gymnastics teacher in Hamburg. From Easter 1931 to Easter 1932 she was employed as a teacher at the FSG Wickersdorf . She married Hans Werner Skafte Rasmussen (1906-1945), whose brothers Ove and Arne also visited the SaM . Clara and her husband had five children. However, the young family had a hard time, especially in the post-war period.
Peter Döblin, 1919
  • Peter Döblin (1912–1994) from Pomerania did his Abitur in 1929 together with Hubert H. Kelter , Ove Skafte Rasmussen and Iolanda Freiin zu Tettau under difficult weather conditions at the school by the sea . When his famous father Alfred Döblin had to leave Germany because of the National Socialists , Peter followed him to France with his mother and two brothers. In 1935 he emigrated to the United States , where he worked as a typesetter for the Daily News newspaper in New York City .
  • Konrad Frielinghaus (1907–1968) from Opole , Upper Silesia , graduated from SaM in 1928. He then studied mining, business administration and economics at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin. In 1933 he received his diploma as a mining engineer. Between 1933 and 1935 he was active in the Marxist underground against the National Socialists as a resistance fighter for the organization Neu Beginnen , was arrested and sentenced to prison from 1935 to 1938. Until 1945 he worked in ore and coal mining, but was interrupted during the war by a three-year assignment in a probation unit of the Wehrmacht . After the war he worked as an engineer at Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG and worked politically for the KPD and trade unions. From 1948 to 1949 he was employed in the headquarters of IG Bergbau . He then worked alternately or at the same time as an engineer, scientist and politician, moved to Algeria and died there on December 19, 1968 as a result of a car accident.
  • Eva Gross was the daughter of Frieda Gross and the painter Ernst Frick . Her mother Frieda was friends with Elisabeth Jaffé Freiin von Richthofen , with whom she had attended the same boarding school. However, that did not prevent Jaffé von Richthofen from fathering an illegitimate son with her friend's husband, Otto Gross . Von Richthofen and her husband Edgar Jaffé adopted him. Eva Gross did her Abitur in 1931 together with Herta Haubold, Klaus Luserke, Hildegard Paulsen, Hans Reyersbach, Uli Sild , Wolfgang Siller, Katherine Weise and Heinz Zederbohm.
  • Lorenz Hafner (1919–1982), born in Wickersdorf in Thuringia , was the son of the SaM teacher and painter Fritz Hafner and his wife Christfriede "Christel", née Salin. Lorenz had two siblings. Together with his parents, he moved to Juist at Easter 1925. There he played, for example, with Klaus Bamberger and Karlchen Plump while camping Indian. After the school closed at Easter 1934, Lorenz and his classmate Oswald Graf zu Münster moved to the Marienau rural education home in Dahlem from Max Bondy and his wife Gertrud (1889–1977). There he passed his school leaving examination in 1937 and then completed a one-year traineeship in the Stuttgart press editorial offices. After the Reich Labor Service , he was drafted as a war correspondent for the Wehrmacht's air force and was involved in the African campaign until the front there finally collapsed due to the Allied superiority. He was badly wounded while serving at the front. Together with members of his unit, he was taken prisoner of war by the British after the Allied invasion of Sicily and was interned in the eastern English county of Norfolk . After his release he returned to his parents in Juist. In 1951 he published the illustrated book Juist - Ein Inselbuch , reissued in 2001. In 1953 he took over the management of the local history museum Juist from his 73-year-old father for three years , which had been set up in the former natural history wing of the SaM (in the school buildings “mi” and “re”). For a period of several years he worked for the editorial team of the Bild newspaper in Hanover and the Springer publishing house. He then moved to the Politics department of the German Press Agency . In the 1960s and 1970s, drawings by Lorenz Hafner were published in several book editions. He died at the age of 63 in Hanover as a result of the long-term effects of his severe war wound.
G. Woldemar Hörnig : First ZDF - Logo 1962
  • G. Woldemar Hörnig passed his school leaving examination in the spring of 1933 together with Ruth Bamberger, Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz , Hilde Müseler, Rolf Pappiér , Reiner Planck, Hans Raitelhuber and Rudolf Stoltz at the SaM The great work he submitted for this purpose The special aspects of the picture decoration of youth publications with practical Trying for a specific book already indicates his later professional career. He became a draftsman, painter, illustrator and graphic artist. His design for the first ZDF transmitter logo , presented in 1962 and implemented from the start of broadcasting in 1963, was particularly well-known , showing two simplified transmitter masts standing close together and two overlapping, almost elliptical radiation fields, similarly stylized eyes , extending from their upper ends .
  • Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz (born August 3, 1913 in Munich; † April 16, 2016 in Bloomington , Monroe County , Indiana , United States ), known as "Annemargret", was the second child of the dentist Alfred Kantorowicz and his (first) wife Annemarie Hedwig (Born August 31, 1883 in Buschen , Silesia ; † June 23, 1962 in Bad Sachsa , Lower Saxony ), née Steinlein. Anna Margarethe had an older sister, Dorothea Therese (born March 26, 1909–1986), and two younger brothers, Erich Otto (approx. 1916–1929, suicide) and Georg Friedrich (* 1921). Anna Margarethe received her school- leaving certificate at SaM on March 22, 1933 together with her classmates Ruth Bamberger, G. Woldemar Hörnig , Hilde Müseler, Rolf Pappiér , Hans Raitelhuber, Jens Rohwer and Rudolf Stoltz. She then studied dentistry at the Albert Ludwigs University in Freiburg im Breisgau. Her older sister “Thea” studied medicine at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Bonn, where her father taught, and was a member of the Socialist Working Group (SAG). At SAG she met her fellow student Wigand Karl Paul Kenter (born June 15, 1901 in Godesberg ; † October 7, 1960 in Bloomington, Indiana, USA), whom her younger sister Anna Margarethe married after emigrating in Istanbul in 1936. Dorothea and her classmate Wigand Kenter were in the Nazi era by their alma mater relegated Service. These relegations were only declared null and void by the Senate of the University of Bonn in 1998. Kenter was arrested twice by the Gestapo , fled to Switzerland and from there to Turkey. In 1944 he had to flee from Istanbul with his wife Anna Margarethe and his little daughter Ruth Gisela (1939-2018, later married McNeil) to Palestine . From there, the family moved to the United States in 1947 . They settled in Bloomington, Indiana, in 1949, where Kenter opened a dental practice. The couple had two further daughters in the USA, Karen Ann (* 1953 in Bloomington, married Potty) and Marian Jane (* 1957 ibid, married Dwyer). Her sister “Thea” continued to study medicine in Istanbul and London after her political and “racial” relegation in Bonn. She married Hermann Joseph Muller , who did research in Edinburgh, Scotland, and followed him to the USA. In 1946 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine . Anna Margarethe died at the age of 102.
  • Hubert H. Kelter from Hamburg did his Abitur in 1929 at the Schule am Meer together with Peter Döblin, Ove Skafte Rasmussen and Iolanda Freiin zu Tettau. His oral exam in the hard ice winter of 1928/29 turned into an adventurous undertaking. After graduating from high school, as a student of economics in Kiel, he was one of the confidants of the Schule am Meer , who informed and advised interested parents of potential students. After the Second World War, Kelter was managing director of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce from 1946 to 1975 , head of the local Commerzbibliothek and author. He was the founder and president of the Martin Luserke Society . Kelter kept lifelong contact with Rudolf Aeschlimann , Jens Rohwer and Martin Luserke .
  • Born in Hamburg Felicitas Kestner (1914-2001) visited after the Nazis closed Hamburger Lichtwark 1933-1934 the school by the sea , where they by their music teacher Eduard Zuckmayer received great support. She was “lucky” to have been admitted to the lower prima (grade 12) by exception, because the SaM only wanted to admit new students up to the lower secondary (grade 10). In her autobiography she wrote: "It was a wonderful year". After the school closed, Martin Luserke recommended that she switch to the Odenwald School in order to acquire her school-leaving certificate there. Felicitas found out that she was of Jewish origin only after the political power was ceded to the Nazis. She was baptized as a Protestant and her parents did not inform her of her Jewish ancestry. Her original family name was Cohnheim; after her marriage she later became known as the composer Felicitas Kukuck. I.a. she stayed in contact with her classmate Jens Rohwer.
  • Kai Köster (1911–1976) from Heidelberg, known as “Kajus”, was a student at the Schule am Meer as well as his brother Uwe , who met Golo Mann while studying law in Heidelberg and became friends with him. Both were members of the Heidelberg Socialist Student Group . Shortly after Christmas 1931, Golo took the somewhat younger Kajus with him to Munich, so that he also got to know the other members of the Mann family. Golo tried there to couple Kajus with his much younger sister Elisabeth , which apparently failed. On June 1, 1939, Köster joined the NSDAP . In the initial phase of the Second World War he benefited from the restructuring of the Foreign Office (AA) by Joachim von Ribbentrop and was active in the broadcasting policy department for general propaganda from 1940 under Gerhard Rühle and Kurt Georg Kiesinger , in constant rivalry with Goebbels' Propaganda Ministry (RMVP ). After the end of the war he immediately worked for the newly founded NWDR in Hamburg, from 1946 head of the press office of the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , from 1947 Ministerialrat. From 1950 he returned to the Foreign Office and was deployed as consul general and ambassador abroad between 1953 and 1963 and 1966 and 1970. He is said to have formed the core of a rope team together with other AA employees from the Nazi era. B. supported the former AA employee Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger because of his Nazi past.
Beate Köstlin , 1937
  • Beate Köstlin (1919–2001), who came from East Prussia , attended school by the sea from 1931–1934. In her autobiography she describes that she “really liked” the school on Juist. The school's founder, Martin Luserke , her “favorite teacher”, was “a fantastic man”, “generous and witty” and “understanding”. She drove several times on Martin Luserke's octopus , including to the Netherlands. Even as a little girl who was very interested in flying, she met the double-deckers landing north of the SaM on the North Sea beach on Juist . During the summer holidays, two young men landed with one of these aircraft on a stubble field of their parents' Wargenau estate near Cranz . As a student she was allowed to fly in it for the first time and repeatedly. Trained against her parents' wishes in 1937 at the then new Rangsdorf airfield near Berlin, which was also used by Ernst Udet , Elly Beinhorn , Bernd Rosemeyer , Heinz Rühmann and Leny Marenbach , Beate was the only woman among sixty flight students to acquire her pilot's license. As a test pilot, she later transferred brand-new aircraft for Bücker and did stunts for UFA . Her life, which became internationally known through her marriage in 1939 under the name Beate Uhse, is symptomatic of a self-confident woman who was primarily influenced by the Weimar period and a liberal family, who was oriented towards her needs and who was free from the constraints of her time and male dominance sought to free. Despite a lot of resistance, she managed to do so over long distances.
  • Walter Georg Kühne (1911–1991) was one of sixteen students who switched from FSG Wickersdorf to SaM at Easter 1925 ; he made his Abitur there in 1930, together with Hans Ulrich Arnold, Gerd Bry (1911-1996), Felix Henn and Hild Wehnert (1911-1996). He was a lifelong friend of Ernst Putz . He emigrated to Great Britain at the time of National Socialism . At the beginning of the Second World War , he inspired the paleontologists of the University of Cambridge , to whom he presented tusks of mammoths he had discovered himself . After returning to Germany after the war, he studied and obtained his doctorate and was qualified as a professor . He later taught at the Free University in Berlin, whose institute for paleontology he founded in 1958. He was also known as a specialist book author.
  • Pelle Wilhelm Konrad Lehmann (1917–1977) was a son of the writer Wilhelm Lehmann from his second marriage to the teacher Frieda (1889–1975), born. Riewerts. His parents made it possible for him to attend school by the sea . He got his nickname from the epic " Pelle Erobreren " (by Martin Andersen Nexø , filmed in 1987 with Pelle Hvenegaard and Max von Sydow ). His father, who had been a teacher at the FSG Wickersdorf between 1912 and 1917 and had opposed Gustav Wyneken with Martin Luserke , Rudolf Aeschlimann and Paul Reiner , described Pelle as "practically inclined". However, he wanted to "go to the spiritual by force" and resent his father for not being able to take him seriously. Pelle, who liked to call himself as an adult in an official environment instead of his nickname "Peter" was later a teacher in Eckernforde, a "bibliophile" with "exquisite library," as his father in a letter dated 10 September 1951 Werner Kraft described . Pelle was married to Irmgard, called "Kaska", née Carstens. Their son is Jens-Peter Lehmann (* 1944).
  • Günther Leitz (1914-1969) from the Hessian casting among the sixteen pupils of the FSG Wickersdorf changed to Juist. From 1925 he attended the school by the sea , whose everyday school life he documented photographically with a Leica 35mm camera (known at the time as a “small film camera”). This came from the production of the optical company Leitz-Werke in Wetzlar, which was run by his father . His schoolmates and three years younger friend Oswald Graf zu Münster he gave during his school years a newly introduced to the market Leica - Reporter camera , with whom he co-designed its future life. Both played the cello in the school's orchestra under Eduard Zuckmayer . After completing his commercial training, Günther took over the management of Ernst Leitz GmbH . He primarily devoted himself to setting up a research department for optical glasses and building a plant in Canada.
  • Gerd Lichtenhahn (1910–1964) studied architecture at the Schule am Meer after graduating from high school . In 1950, he and Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Brockmann planned the Europahalle for the Hanover Fair and from 1955 to 1958 the Grugahalle in Essen , and in 1958 the high- rise lighting on the Hanover exhibition grounds. He independently planned the Grugabad in Essen from 1963 to 1964 .
  • Robert Albrecht Lienau (1905–2001) from Vienna studied law and political science after graduating from Schule am Meer at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin and received his doctorate in 1938 on the subject of "Position and powers of the President of the Permanent International Court of Justice". Together with his sister Rosemarie (1903–1996) he continued to run Robert Lienau Musikverlag from 1949 after their father's death . They only sold the company in 1990 for reasons of age.
Friedel with his mother Paula Ludwig , around 1924
  • Siegfried Ludwig (1917–2007), known as "Friedel", was born in Glatz in Lower Silesia and attended SaM from 1927 to 1934. His mother was the Austrian poet and painter Paula Ludwig , who visited him in the Loog on Juist , accompanied by Carl Zuckmayer . Yvan Goll reported to his wife Claire in a letter on February 22, 1931 about Paula Ludwig: “She also has a 13-year-old son who lives in a school community by the sea. Illegitimate offspring. […] Now she is writing these poems to her boy. ”Friedel's father was the printer's co-owner, publisher and officer Walter Rose (1881–1962) from Neurode in Lower Silesia . He financed his SaM school attendance. Friedel did not get to know a real family life, however, he was given care over long periods. He was a lifelong friend of his schoolmate Günther Leitz . Through him, after the school closed, he got an apprenticeship at the optical company Ernst Leitz and became an industrial clerk and photographer. After completing the Reich Labor Service (RAD), he followed his mother to Paris. Her friend Erika Mann helped . In Paris he attended sculpture courses at the Academie Ranson with Aristide Maillol , and after the outbreak of the war he was sent to internment camps in southern France. After the occupation of Paris by the Wehrmacht , he was released and crossed the Pyrenees to Spain, where he was interned again. When registering there, he accidentally entered his name incorrectly and therefore received identification papers in which his name was reversed: to Ludwig Friedel. It stayed that way until the end of his life. Former SaM schoolmates and other friends sent him reading material to the camps, learned languages ​​and painted his surroundings. Freed again, Friedel worked for three years in Madrid as a language teacher and studied sculpture. In December 1946 he arrived in Rio de Janeiro , where he worked as a freelance photographer. At the end of 1947 he moved to live with his mother in São Paulo . In 1956 Friedel returned to Germany, where Günther Leitz gave him a job. As a Leica photographer well-known in specialist circles , he taught at the Leica Academy and trained photographers. Until 1970, shortly after Günther Leitz's death, he lived with his mother in Wetzlar before they both moved to Darmstadt. One photo shows the 88-year-old Friedel with his Leica. He died at the age of 89. A broken plaque leaning against his mother's grave commemorates him ( see photo ).
Dieter Luserke with his father on board the Krake , around 1935
  • Dieter Luserke (1918–2005), born in Wickersdorf in Thuringia , first a seaman, later in a profession related to shipping, the youngest son of the school's founder, Martin Luserke , attended school by the sea from 1929 to 1934 . As a fifteen-year-old who was already enthusiastic about school sailing, he dropped out of school immediately after the SaM closed and then accompanied his father on his octopus blazer through the coastal waters of the North and Baltic Seas . For Dieter it was the opportunity to finally have his father to himself after he had to share him around the clock with so many other SaM schoolmates .
  • Klaus Luserke (born October 5, 1912), who was also born in Wickersdorf, passed his Abitur at the Schule am Meer in spring 1931 together with Eva Gross, Herta Haubold, Hildegard Paulsen, Hans Reyersbach, Uli Sild , Wolfgang Siller, Katherine Weise and Heinz Zederbohm to start studying afterwards. He was initially active in the publishing industry, active as an imperial speaker of the Völkisch German Faith Movement (see also: Völkische Movement ), employee of the Volksbund for Germanness abroad and a member of the National Socialist German Student Union . In 1935 he applied for the SS and in the same year he participated for the first time in the musical design of the Christmas party for the SS main offices , which specifically recruited academically educated men from outside for their training office. He worked in the SS training office responsible for the indoctrination of SS members, which was initially subordinate to the Race and Settlement Main Office of the SS (RuS HA), and from August 1938 to the SS Main Office (SS-HA). There he was in the design of the Department III Cultural in the Division A celebration of design under Kurt Eggers speaker for "fabric collection" and in one person at the same time in the department B speaker for "musician", where he repeats the ritual Thing Games of the SS at the solstice rehearsed in which Hitler Youth and BDM girls performed rituals such as jumping over a blazing fire. But then the SS-Unterscharfuhrer Klaus Luserke, SS-Nr. 277 005, expelled from the SS in July 1937 for disciplinary reasons because his connections to a buyer of pornographic literature became known. For the SS this was considered defiant. Klaus Luserke then sent a “request for mercy and resumption” to Heinrich Himmler personally, which was accepted by Heinrich Himmler because it was a matter of “pronounced youthful folly”, but Klaus Luserke was “basically decent and orderly”. Himmler ordered the SS to help him take up the writing profession and to pay him an expense allowance for attending the Reich Press School. Himmler had him drafted into the SS death's head associations for probation and gave him the personal order to “marry by Christmas”.
  • Oswald Graf zu Münster Freiherr von Grothaus (1917–2003), known as “Ossi”, was born in Vogtland but grew up in Kniestedt near Salzgitter, which was annexed by Prussia. From 1931–1934 he attended the Schule am Meer school and played the cello there under Eduard Zuckmayer in the school orchestra. On an orchestra photo from the school advertising brochure from 1931/32 ( see main article ) you can see him - somewhat hidden by the music stand - to the left of conductor Zuckmayer. Due to the closure of the SaM , he had to change to another school, so he came to the Marienau State Educational Home in Dahlem , where he was part of the camaraderie of headmaster Max Bondy . After the war he worked as a farmer on the family estate, after 1958 for a large insurance company. Between 1935 and 1995 his passion was photography. “Ossis” documentary photos were published posthumously (2015) in six illustrated books, in the first volume also photos that his three-year-old schoolmate Günther Leitz had taken in the SaM . “Ossi” had a lifelong friendship with him and his SaM companion leader of the dolphins , Eduard Zuckmayer.
  • Rolf Pappiér (1914–1998), born in Shanghai , came from a Bremen merchant family who were active in international trade, including in Argentina and China. As a teenager he developed a great interest in the fine arts . In the spring of 1933 he passed his matriculation examination together with Ruth Bamberger, G. Woldemar Hörnig , Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz, Hilde Müseler, Reiner Planck, Hans Raitelhuber, Jens Jürgen Rohwer and Rudolf Stoltz at the SaM . He was explicitly honored in his diploma for his large exhibition of self-made drawings in the drawing room on the upper floor of the stage hall . The school's logbook said: “There is a large Rolf Pappiér exhibition in the drawing room. The drawings on display make a very good impression. The obviously cultivated love for the material and the cleanliness of the execution speak to me. The school can be proud of him. ”In 1936 he emigrated to Argentina, where he worked successfully as a film director, art director , production designer and actor. In the 1940s and 1950s he received several awards for his work. He died at the age of 84 and was buried in the German cemetery in Buenos Aires . Photos and video clips can be found online showing him, but also some of his complete films.
  • Arne Skafte Rasmussen (1912–1994), born in Chemnitz, came to school by the sea with his older brother Ove . After finishing school, Arne received a technical training and worked in research and development for Auto Union AG , in whose merger his father Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen played a key role. Arne later worked in engine development for the small car manufacturer Framo and most recently for Fichtel & Sachs . Arne can be seen in the video above the specified individual proof.
  • Ove Skafte Rasmussen (1909–1995), born in Zschopau, was one of the students who switched from FSG Wickersdorf to school by the sea . He was three years older than his brother Arne. In 1929 he graduated from high school with Peter Döblin and Hubert H. Kelter, which was accompanied by permafrost. As a student of state economics in Munich, he was a member of the external community and one of the shop stewards of the SaM from spring 1930. He graduated with a double doctorate (Dr. oec. Publ. Et rer. Pol.) And was later managing director of Eisenwerk Erla GmbH , which his Father took over in 1928. In 1949, Ove founded Rasmussen GmbH , a supplier to the automotive industry, near Frankfurt am Main . A photo of 78-year-old Ove can be called up via the individual proof.
  • Werner Rings (1910–1998), born in Offenbach am Main, Hesse, attended school by the sea from 1926 to 1929 . He studied in Berlin, Freiburg and Heidelberg and emigrated to Spain on January 30, 1933. There he worked for the republican government and experienced the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939 , which was about democracy or fascist dictatorship. During the Second World War he sought refuge in the unoccupied part of France before it became too unsafe for him there under the Vichy regime . In 1942 he fled to Switzerland. After the war he was able to work there as a journalist and photo journalist, author, director and producer.
  • Jens Jürgen Rohwer (1914–1994), composer and musicologist from Neumünster in Holstein , was a scholarship holder from 1930 to 1933 at the Schule am Meer . He passed his Abitur in the spring of 1933 with distinction, together with Ruth Bamberger, G. Woldemar Hörnig , Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz, Hilde Müseler, Rolf Pappiér , Reiner Planck, Hans Raitelhuber and Rudolf Stoltz. He then studied first economics , then he switched to musicology (music education and composition) in Berlin. Jens sat in with Paul Hindemith , among others . He later stayed in contact with his former SaM teachers and schoolmates , for example Helene and Rudolf Aeschlimann , Hubert H. Kelter , Felicitas Kukuck , Dieter and Martin Luserke and Eduard Zuckmayer . He was strongly influenced by the youth movement . During the Nazi era he was a member of the NS student union , then the NS lecturer association and composed the music to Nazi songs with propaganda texts, from which he distanced himself in the post-war period and apologized for it. The Nazi regime banned one of its oratorios with the title And there was God's name . As a soldier in the Wehrmacht , he was seriously wounded in 1941. From 1943 to 1945 he taught at the Gaumusikschule in Posen, from 1946 at the Landesmusikschule in Lübeck, from 1950 at the Schleswig-Holstein Music Academy, which he directed between 1955 and 1971. In 1952 he received the Schleswig-Holstein Culture Prize, in 1957 he received his habilitation and in 1958 he received his doctorate in Kiel. From 1972 he received a professorship at the Lübeck University of Music . His marriage resulted in three daughters and three sons, including Bernd (* 1951), Götz (* 1947) and Friedemann.
Uli Sild , around 1935
  • The Austrian Ulrich Sild (1911–1937), known as “Uli”, switched from a grammar school in Vienna's 21st district to the school by the sea at Easter 1927 when he was initially fifteen . The open-air school and the stimulating climate of the North Sea should help cure his bronchial asthma . In the autumn of 1929, the passionate mountaineer took SaM comrades to the Triglav in the Julian Alps and to the Große Zinne in the Sexten Dolomites . After his school leaving examination in 1931, which he passed with Eva Gross, Herta Haubold, Klaus Luserke, Hildegard Paulsen, Hans Reyersbach, Wolfgang Siller, Katherine Weise and Heinz Zederbohm, he returned to Austria and studied law at the University of Innsbruck . During his studies in Radstadt he accompanied groups from SaM in a teaching capacity on ski hikes.These led, for example, from January 3 to 17, 1932 through the Schladminger Tauern in day trips to the Sauschneiderhörndl (1,500 m), the Rostbrandl (1,791 m) and the Grieskareck (1,939 m) or several days to the Seekarhaus (1,800 m), from which several peaks up to a height of 2,450 m were climbed together. Uli was one of the sponsors of the Schule am Meer from 1931 until the school closed at Easter 1934 . Fourteen days before his final academic examination, he and his rope team fell down, were transferred to Vienna and buried there in the Jedlesee cemetery.
Iolanda Freiin von Tettau, around 1921
  • Iolanda Paola Ada Lucia Freiin von Tettau (1908-2005) first attended the girls' school in Berlin-Lankwitz and then the secondary school for girls there . In 1929 she graduated from Juist with the final examination, together with Peter Döblin and Hubert H. Kelter . She then became a member of the outlying community of the Schule am Meer and completed an apprenticeship at the Academy for Arts and Crafts in Berlin . From 1931 she worked in the Landschulheim am Solling in Holzminden . The influence of Martin Luserke and the SaM had a lasting effect on their future thinking and interests. In 1931 she married Christian Hildebrand (1905–1944), a graduate engineer and senior government councilor , with whom she had two children, the later sociologist Manuel Hildebrand (* 1935) and the architect Michael Hildebrand (* 1938). The marriage was divorced in April 1939. She married again in December 1939. Her second husband was the military doctor Horst Werner (1913–1992). From this connection a daughter emerged, the later physiotherapist Barbara Fritz (* 1940). On the occasion of their silver wedding in 1964, he and Iolanda caught up with the church wedding in the Stuttgart Castle Church, which was not performed during the Nazi era . Iolanda designed fashionable accessories such as jewelry for the famous Berlin fashion designer Heinz Oestergaard . However, her creativity also found expression as a skillful puppeteer with Albrecht Roser . She created a variety of dolls, angels, wreaths and many other handicrafts. At the Evangelical Academy in Bad Boll , Iolanda pursued her literary and philosophical interests. She got involved in the Stuttgart section of the Dante Society , with which she opened up Italy's art monuments and regions. Iolanda died shortly after her 97th birthday and rests in the family grave in the Old St. Matthew Cemetery in Berlin-Schöneberg.
  • Ruprecht Weise (-1998), who came from Halle an der Saale in Saxony at the time, rebuilt the company with his uncle Erich Weise in Bruchsal from 1951/52 after the Soviet dismantling of his father's pump factory in August 1945 and continued to run it . At TSG Bruchsal 1846 e. V. , the Ruprecht-Weise Youth Tournament , which he sponsored and named after him, was held annually. In 1987 he brought a lawsuit against Lothar-Günther Buchheim ( Das Boot ), who is said to have robbed his father Felix Weise of numerous valuable paintings in the post-war period under a pretext. I.a. reported the Berliner Zeitung , the Süddeutsche Zeitung and the Stern about it. The paintings in question later formed the basis for Buchheim's art collection, which is worth millions.

Known parents of students

  • Bruno Ahrends (1878–1948), a renowned Berlin architect, planned the 1930/31 hall of the Schule am Meer , the prominent feature of which was a large theater hall (see main article, section Architecture ), the only one of a school in Germany. The other buildings planned by Ahrends for the school by the sea were no longer realized. Ahrends had to emigrate from Germany and finally came to South Africa via Great Britain and internment on the Isle of Man as an enemy alien , where he died soon after his arrival.
Otto Bamberger , 1928
  • Otto Bamberger (1885–1933) was an Upper Franconian entrepreneur, art collector, art patron and social democrat from Lichtenfels in Upper Franconia . He was married to Henriette "Jette" (1891–1978), née Wolff, from Schwäbisch Hall . The couple were members of the “outside community” of the school by the sea . The marriage resulted in two children, Ruth (1914–1983) and Klaus (1920–2008). In 1910, at the age of 25, Otto Bamberger became the managing director of the family business founded by his grandfather David Bamberger (1811–1890). In 1914, the family had a villa built by the architect August Berger , the interior of which was completely redesigned and furnished by the Bauhaus designer Erich Dieckmann in 1928 . The building is now a listed building. Otto Bamberger was considered one of the greatest sponsors and customers of the Bauhaus in Weimar and Dessau. During the 1920s he acquired an extensive expressionist collection of works of art, for example by Ernst Barlach , Max Beckmann , Marc Chagall , Lovis Corinth , Otto Dix , Paul Klee , Oskar Kokoschka , Käthe Kollwitz , Alfred Kubin , Wilhelm Lehmbruck , Max Liebermann , Franz Marc , Paula Modersohn and Emil Nolde . Well-known writers and graphic artists such as Alfred Kubin and painters such as Reinhold Nägele frequented his villa, which was known as the “Sonnenhaus”, on the occasion of regular literary evenings . From 1930 to 1933 he made it possible for his daughter Ruth (1914–1983) and his son Klaus to attend the school by the sea . Ruth had previously attended the Free School Community in the Thuringian Forest since 1925 . Otto Bamberger was taken into protective custody and interrogated in Frankfurt am Main in 1933 after the cession of power to the National Socialists . He returned to Lichtenfels as a broken man and died shortly afterwards at the age of 48. The Bamberger villa was haunted by the Lichtenfels brown shirts during the “ Reichskristallnacht ”, the Bamberger art collection was classified as “ degenerate ” and confiscated the following day . Most of the works of art from the Bamberger Collection have not reappeared to this day. Some of the woodcuts and prints were found in the cellar of the town hall of Lichtenfels after the end of the war. At the end of 1938 the company was " Aryanized " under unfair conditions and renamed with the names of the new " Aryan " owners.
Theodor Becker , around 1920
Maria Fein , 1919
  • The actor Theodor Becker (1880–1952) from Mannheim, Baden, and the Vienna-born actress and theater director Maria Fein (1892–1965) are the parents of the SaM student Maria Becker . Her mother was of Jewish descent but converted to Catholicism at an early age . The mother, who was still considered to be a “ full Jew ” during the Nazi era and who had many premieres under Max Reinhardt , was no longer allowed to appear on German stages from 1933 onwards. Together with her daughters, she emigrated to Austria in 1936, where she and Reinhardt directed the Vienna Theater in der Josefstadt . Her husband had divorced his Jewish wife around 1934 and married the actress Helma Seitz , who more than three decades later became known to a broad television audience as "Fräulein Rehbein" or "Rehbeinchen" in the crime series Der Kommissar (with Erik Ode ). Ode was a student at FSG Wickersdorf . Becker and Seitz had a daughter, who later became actress Renate Becker , half-sister of Thea and Maria Becker.
  • Herbert von Borch (1876–1961) was a German diplomat deployed in East Asia. He headed the German commission with Consul Kurt Schirmer (1877-1930) and Vice Consul Wilhelm Wagner (1884-1949) in Beijing, which had negotiated the special peace treaty between China and Germany concluded on May 21, 1921 after the First World War . During his son's school days on Juist, he was counselor in Tokyo from 1925 and first class envoy (ambassador) in Beijing from 1928.
  • Heinrich Cordes (1866–1927) worked in the foreign service of the Foreign Office as an interpreter at the German embassy and German consulates in China and from 1901 bank director of the German-Asian Bank (DAB) in Tientsin , from 1905 also in Beijing. He was married to Yuksin Chou. He paid his daughter Clara (1907–1985) to visit FSG Wickersdorf and, after her move from Easter 1925, also to visit SaM
Alfred Döblin , around 1930
  • Alfred Döblin (1878–1957), a psychiatrist and expressionist writer ( Berlin Alexanderplatz , 1929), father of five sons, who came from Pomerania , had left the Jewish community a few years before the outbreak of World War I and left his children as Protestant Christians before they started school enter. Behind this, alongside the striving for assimilation, was the hope that it would be easier for them that way. He volunteered in the war as a military doctor. In 1917 he sympathized with the Russian Revolution. From 1918 he was committed to democracy in Germany and joined the USPD . In 1923 he was confronted with his Jewish descent due to the anti-Jewish pogroms in Berlin's Scheunenviertel . He co-founded the predominantly left-wing group in 1925 . In 1931 he worked with Heinrich Mann on a reading book for schools in Prussia. As a Jew and socialist, on February 28, 1933, he was forced to leave Germany because of the National Socialists . His wife and three sons, including the former SaM student Peter, followed him. On May 10, 1933, his works were destroyed during the Nazi book burnings ; in September he moved from Switzerland to Paris. In 1936 Alfred Döblin received French citizenship and converted to Catholicism in France in 1941 . In 1949 he returned to Germany, only to leave it resignedly in 1953.
  • Wilhelm Dyckerhoff (1868–1956), who was born in Biebrich in the Hesse-Nassau region and was government vice-president in Aurich from 1924 to 1928 , enabled one of his five children to attend school by the sea . He was on the advisory board of the Dyckerhoff cement works and later on its supervisory board in the state parliament of the Prussian province of Hanover and was a member of the Prussian State Council from 1930 to 1933 .
  • Otto Frielinghaus (1877–1956), Ministerialrat in the Prussian Ministry of Trade and Industry, later in the Reich Ministry of Economics until 1943, after 1945 bank trustee in North Rhine-Westphalia, enabled his son and daughter Ilse to attend school by the sea . He was also one of the SaM confidants
  • Wilhelm Gratenau was a wholesale merchant from Hamburg who imported wood and pulp from Scandinavia and the Baltic States and owned a sawmill. In 1924 he acquired Gut Lindenhof and the Bredenbeker pond , on the north bank of which he had a large lido built. An agricultural women's school was set up at Gut Lindenhof . Gratenau made it possible for his daughter Herta (Abitur 1932) and two sons to attend school by the sea .
  • Elisabeth Grüttefien-Kiekebusch (* 1871), who came from Kettwig near Essen, was a landscape painter. She was the widow of the Berlin landscape painter Hermann Kiekebusch (* 1857). From Berlin-Lichterfelde she made it possible for her daughter and son to attend school by the sea .
  • Julius Halberstadt (1876–1939) was next to his brother-in-law Lenor Helft co-owner of the company Schade & Füllgrabe in Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig, which at that time operated a total of around 180 food and delicatessen branches with around 700 employees. It was the largest chain of grocery stores in the Rhine-Main area. Halberstadt made it possible for his son Walter to attend school by the sea . In the course of the " Aryanization " operated by the National Socialists , Halberstadt and Helft sold their company in 1936. Helft died in 1937 and Halberstadt emigrated to New York City.
  • Otto Hörnig was the owner of a stocking factory in Chemnitz, who sent his two sons to school by the sea . His son G. Woldemar Hörnig (Abitur 1933) developed the first ZDF logo in the early 1960s .
  • Gustav Kämmerer and his brother Rudolf ran a paper mill in Osnabrück that had been in existence since 1808. The two presented from 1908 company of the production paper mill Chamberlain Brothers KG to so-called electric papers (cable paper for insulation) around, with which, inter alia AEG or Felten & Guilleaume supplied that from 1918 co-partner of the now as a paper factory GmbH formerly brothers eunuch become operating under the name company were. Kämmerer, still a factory director, made it possible for his daughter to attend school by the sea .
Alfred Kantorowicz , around 1935
  • Alfred Kantorowicz (1880–1962) from Berlin was from 1923 the first professor of dentistry at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn . He was the first to develop a system of prophylaxis against dental diseases, especially in schools. Between 1919 and 1933 he was a city councilor and member of the SPD parliamentary group in Bonn. Kantorowicz and his first wife Frieda (1905–1968), known as "Friedel" (later UN correspondent for ADN ), had four children; They made it possible for their daughter Anna Margarethe to attend school by the sea . She passed her Abitur in the spring of 1933 together with Reiner Planck, Ruth Berger, G. Woldemar Hörnig , Hilde Müseler, Rolf Pappiér , Raitelhuber and Rudolf Stoltz. On April 1, 1933, Kantorowicz was arrested and taken to the Börgermoor concentration camp . On September 23, 1933, he was formally dismissed from the Prussian civil service and his honorary doctorate, awarded in 1926, was revoked. He was released from prison on November 5, 1933. He was able to follow a call to the University of Istanbul and left Germany with his family. In 1946 he was called back to the University of Bonn, but could no longer start his scientific work there for health reasons. In 1948 he retired , but was still active as a consultant for health in the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of the Interior.
  • Gerhard M. Kelter was a Hamburg entrepreneur and initially together with Hubert Hünlinghof (1848–1906) co-owner of the trading company Chs Lavy & Co., founded in 1838 at Hochallee 9, which at times had more than 500 employees in import and export, outerwear and Manufactured umbrellas and collaborated with Lavy Ltd. had a branch in Great Britain. After Hünlinghof's death, Julius Asch (1875–1939) became a partner in 1914. With him, Kelter was also a co-owner of the subsidiary Laco Export Co. , founded by Asch in 1919 , which made a name for itself as a manufacturer of fine silk scarves and ties at Bleichenbrücke 25-29 in Hamburg and equipped Wilhelm II in his Dutch exile. Kelter evidently behaved loyally to his Jewish partner even during the Nazi era . On January 4, 1938, however, the Reich Ministry of Economics under Walther Funk decreed that a Jewish partner was enough to declare a business enterprise as a Jewish company - with all the disadvantages of Nazi legislation. On June 23, 1938, Asch handed over his shares to Gerhard M. Kelter and the new co-owner Weger in exchange for a settlement of 850,000 Reichsmarks and left the company on June 30, 1938. On the same day, the customs investigation office withdrew control from him with a security order over his entire fortune. His emigration efforts failed because of the authorities; Asch committed suicide on January 2, 1939 in Blankenese in the Elbe . The Kelter couple made it possible for their children Gabriele (Abitur 1932) and Hubert (Abitur 1929) to attend the SaM .
  • Otto Kestner (1873–1953), who came from the Silesian Breslau , was a German doctor and physiologist. He was married to Eva Marie Mathilde Kestner (1882–1973), née Barth, who was born in Bremen. In 1916, against the background of assimilation efforts, at the request of his wife, he had given up the family name Cohnheim when he was baptized as a Protestant. The Hamburg professor and institute director set up a climate station together with Carl Haeberlin in Wyk on the North Sea island of Föhr . Kestner was compulsorily retired from the National Socialists on June 30, 1934. He emigrated to Great Britain in 1939, was there (like Bruno Ahrends ) temporarily interned as an enemy alien on the Isle of Man and returned to Germany in 1949.
Foreign Minister Adolf Köster , around 1920
  • Adolf Köster (1883–1930), who came from Verden in the Prussian province of Hanover , was an SPD politician, university professor, successively Reich Minister for Foreign Affairs and Reich Minister for the Interior during the Weimar Republic , diplomat and publicist, opponent of the National Socialists , and his wife Käthe the parents of two sons, Kai and Uwe, who both attended school by the sea . Adolf Köster died as envoy in Belgrade after an appendix operation of sepsis .
Margarete Köstlin-Räntsch , around 1910
  • The Berliner Margarete Köstlin-Räntsch (1880-1945), one of the first doctors in Germany, mother of the student Beate Köstlin (later Uhse), sought with her coming from Württemberg husband Otto Köstlin (1871-1945) targeted for a modern boarding school with liberal Upbringing as well as a wide range of sporting and musical activities to enable your youngest daughter to have a better education and to interact with like-minded people. They found what they were looking for in the school by the sea on Juist. The couple were murdered in 1945 on their estate in East Prussia by the Red Army advancing towards Berlin .
  • Walter Kühne (1875–1956), painter, draftsman and graphic artist from Jamlitz in Niederlausitz, made it possible for his youngest son to attend school by the sea . Kühne had taught as a drawing teacher at the FSG Wickersdorf in 1915/16 , which his children Wolfgang (* 1902), Marianne (* 1907) and Walter Georg (1911–1991) visited as pupils.
Wilhelm Lehmann , 1914
  • Wilhelm Lehmann (1882–1968) was a Venezuela-born educator and writer with a doctorate. Between 1912 and 1917 he was a teacher at the Free School Community of Wickersdorf , where he met Martin Luserke , whom he had seen there until the start of the war in 1914. Just like Luserke, Lehmann also got into pedagogical conflict with school founder Gustav Wyneken . Like Luserke, Lehmann took part in World War I from 1917 , but deliberately deserted into British captivity in September 1918. This is the theme of Lehmann's 1925 to 1927 novel Der Überläufer , which, however, could not be published until 1962. Alfred Döblin , father of another later SaM student, awarded Lehmann the Kleist Prize in 1923 , at the same time as Robert Musil . Lehmann later made it possible for his son to attend school by the sea . He himself joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1933 out of concern for his profession and his official status - “against his innermost convictions”.
Ernst Leitz II , around 1925
Paula Ludwig , 1927
Marie von Malachowski-Nauen and Heinrich Nauen with daughter Nora, 1910
  • Heinrich Nauen and his wife Marie von Malachowski-Nauen found the SaM a suitable educational facility for their daughter Nora (* 1908) and their son Joachim (* 1916). It is possible that Hermann Nauen was made aware of the Juister Landschulheim by his friend and sponsor Walter Kaesbach , the director of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , because he was a SaM sponsor. Nauen, who was one of the most important representatives of Rhenish Expressionism , held a professorship for painting at the renowned academy. The National Socialists branded works by Nauens and his wife Malachowski-Nauen as “ degenerate ” (Nazi diction), some of them shown in the exhibition “Degenerate Art” and some of them destroyed. Nauen was forced out of his teaching post. He was friends with Emil Nolde , for example , Helmuth Macke kept close contact with him, and Henri Matisse expressly recognized his artistic work . Alfred Flechtheim organized the first exhibition with Nauen's works.
Elsa Oeltjen-Kasimir and her husband Jan Oeltjen, 1913
  • The German artist Jan Oeltjen (1880–1968) and his second wife, the Austrian artist Elsa Oeltjen-Kasimir (1887–1944) financed their daughter Leni (* 1910 in Rome), from Oeltjen's first marriage to the painter Johanna Feuereisen (1873– 1947), attending SaM school. Leni then joined the SaM external congregation.
  • Friedrich Paulsen (1874–1947) was an architect born in Wedel in Holstein, who studied at the building trade school Eckernförde and the TH Munich. Between 1910 and 1913 he acted as managing director of the Association of German Architects (BDA) and ran his own architectural office in Kiel until 1914 and later in Berlin. He then worked as editor-in-chief of the trade journal Bauwelt . When the family lived in Berlin-Steglitz, his daughter Hildegard was a student at the school by the sea . She graduated from high school with Eva Gross, Herta Haubold, Klaus Luserke, Hans Reyersbach, Uli Sild , Wolfgang Siller, Katherine Weise and Heinz Zederbohm. Then she joined the outer church.
Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen with his wife Therese, née Liebe, 1904
  • Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen (1878–1964) was a Danish engineer and main shareholder of Zschopauer Motorenwerke JS Rasmussen AG , whose DKW brand became known from 1928 as temporarily the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. From 1921 was the advertising slogan "DKW, d as k leash W under running uphill like others down!" Very successful, the designated popularly known as "ass warmers" DKW applied -Bicycles with an auxiliary motor. In the same year, Rasmussen introduced assembly line production based on the US model. In 1926 he founded a branch in Berlin-Spandau, in which the DKW type P and the DKW two-cylinder two-stroke engine were manufactured. In 1928 Rasmussen acquired Audiwerke AG in Zwickau. As a result of the global economic crisis from autumn 1929, the merger with Horchwerke AG Zwickau and Wanderer-Werke in Schönau near Chemnitz took place in 1932 . This is how Auto Union AG came into being , whose logo with the four horizontally intertwined rings symbolizes the formerly four brands Audi , DKW , Horch and Wanderer . Rasmussen played a key role in founding Auto Union AG. In 1929, Rasmussen manufactured Europe's first refrigerator for private households, and “DKW cooling” became a household name. Rasmussen and his German wife Therese (1884–1973), born in Stolberg, born love, made it possible for the youngest of their four children, Ove and Arne , to attend SaM .
  • Born into a Roman Catholic family in Honnef in the Rhine Province , Josef Rings (1878–1957), an architect and town planner, worked in Offenbach am Main, Darmstadt, in the Ruhr area, on Juist and in Israel, among other things as head of the construction department of Friedrich Krupp AG . He is named as the planner of the expansion of the school by the sea between around 1926 and 1929, ergo for Arche , Do , Jenseits and Westfalenhalle . He was married to Mathilde "Tilly" Menkel (–1942). Their son Werner was born in 1910, and they financed his visit to the SaM from 1926–1929 . After graduating from high school and studying, he lived and worked in Spain from 1933. Josef Rings, an active SPD member, found himself persecuted by the National Socialists after January 30, 1933 and his professional existence threatened. Because of his Jewish wife, he applied for immigration to the British mandate of Palestine in 1934 . He received the visa and became a British citizen, while his wife was refused entry due to an acute serious illness. As a result, she had to return by ship to the port of departure in Germany. So the couple was torn apart, because Josef Rings could not risk a return to the Nazi Reich. In 1939 he was stripped of his German citizenship by Nazi agencies. He worked as an urban planner in Tel Aviv . In 1942 his wife died in a Jewish hospital in Cologne after a serious illness of natural causes. In 1948 Josef Rings returned to Germany and taught as a professor for urban planning at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz.
Cenzi Sild with her dog, 1930s
Ada Freifrau von Tettau Contessa Niëvo and Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau , 1907
  • The architect Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau (1872–1929), born in Erfurt in the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , and his wife Ada Freifrau von Tettau Contessa Niëvo (1879–1960), born Countess Niëvo, resident in Berlin-Lankwitz at the time, made this possible her daughter attending school by the sea . Their twin brother, Wolfram Lionello Donatello Freiherr von Tettau (1908–1956), was not at the SaM , but graduated from the Askanisches Gymnasium in Berlin and then studied architecture at the Technical University of Berlin .
  • William Unna was a specialist in gastric, intestinal and metabolic diseases in Hamburg, who made it possible for his son to attend school by the sea .
  • Felix Weise (–1961) was a pump manufacturer ( Weise Söhne company ) in Halle an der Saale, and also a collector of Expressionist paintings during the Weimar Republic , for example by Erich Heckel , Ernst Ludwig Kirchner or Karl Schmidt-Rottluff . Way made it possible for his daughter and son to attend school by the sea .

Well-known sponsors and confidants

  • Kommerzialrat Alfred Breuninger (1884–1947) was one of SaM's confidants . From 1932 he was chairman of the board of the Stuttgart department store chain Breuninger , which still exists today.
Eugen Diederichs , around 1929
Grete Dispeker , around 1932
  • Margarete Elisabeth Dispeker (1906–1999), known as “Grete”, was one of SaM's shop stewards. She grew up in an upper-class, liberal family in Munich; her father was the Privy Councilor Siegfried Dispeker. She had a childhood friendship with Doris von Schönthan . As a friend of Erika and Klaus Mann , she adored their father Thomas Mann and took him as a role model for writing. She studied German in Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Berlin and Paris. In 1932 she married the dramaturge Edgar Weil (1908–1941), who worked at the Münchner Kammerspiele, and was her great cousin. By transferring power to the National Socialists , she had to deal with her Jewish origins. When her great love, her first husband, emigrated to the Netherlands after an initial arbitrary arrest in 1933 to set up a branch of her father's pharmaceutical company threatened by " Aryanization " in Germany , she followed him in 1935 and therefore renounced her doctorate , although she was already worked on her dissertation . Instead, she trained as a photographer and took over an established photo studio in Amsterdam, where she photographed Lion Feuchtwanger , Alma Mahler-Werfel and Franz Werfel . After the Wehrmacht occupied the Netherlands in the spring of 1940, her husband was arrested in a raid, deported and murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1941 . Grete Weil, who was employed by the Joodsche Raad Amsterdams, had to go into hiding from 1943. In her hiding place she began to work as a writer. Incomprehensible to her friend Klaus Mann, she returned to Germany in 1947 and initially worked as a translator and reviewer. Later she belonged to the German PEN center and received several awards, including the Bavarian Order of Merit . In 1961 she married her childhood friend, with whom she had lived together since 1947, the former SaM teacher, the opera director and manager Walter Jockisch (1907–1970), who had also been friends with Edgar Weil.
  • Alfred Ehrentreich (1896–1998), reform pedagogue and author, came to the Schule am Meer from his residence in Berlin-Schlachtensee and met Martin Luserke there , whom he already knew from FSG Wickersdorf . He was one of the SaM shop stewards and temporarily chaired its outer community.
Adolphe Ferrière , around 1923
  • Adolphe Ferrière (1879–1960) from Genève -Champel was a Swiss educator, author and founder of the Éducation nouvelle. The deaf from 1921 was one of the shop stewards of the school by the sea , who informed and advised interested parents in writing.
  • Hedwig Freudweiler (born November 17, 1875), known as Betty, was a doctorate pedagogue and women's rights activist from Zurich, who first acquired her primary teacher certificate after five years of training at the Zurich Cantonal Primary School Teacher and then matriculated at the University of Zurich in 1900 for the zoology department . In April 1916 she was elected to the board of the Zurich Union for Women's Movements. According to scientifically insufficient sources, she died in 1918 after a serious illness. However, in a Swiss publication from 1921 she was listed as the current speaker and was named in the list of SaM shop stewards in 1925 . In any case, she already knew the entire founding team of the Schule am Meer from the Thuringian Forest, where she had been teaching natural history at FSG Wickersdorf since 1907 .
Hans Freyer , around 1925
  • Hans Freyer (1887–1969), a doctorate and habilitation in sociologist, historian and philosopher, was chairman of the “Association of Friends of Schools by the Sea” and the resulting “external community” of the SaM and was one of their confidants. After the school closed in August 1934, he stayed at the school to talk to Martin Luserke before he set sail with the octopus . On December 1, 1934, Freyer headed the extraordinary meeting of the SaM external congregation in his private house at Störmthalerstraße 2 in Leipzig-Liebertwolkwitz, in order to resolve its dissolution. The building still exists today.
  • Julius Gebhard (1884-1966) was a Hamburg educationalist, who studied in Munich and Göttingen teaching and Hermann Julius Nohl on "The sense of school" doctorate had. From 1923 he was a member of the SPD . As an assistant and later scientific advisor at the educational science seminar at the University of Hamburg, he was one of the SaM shop stewards whom he wanted to support because of their musical orientation. In 1946 he completed his habilitation on "Alfred Lichtwark and the Art Education Movement in Hamburg".
  • Ida Goldschmidt-Livingston (1863–1933), daughter of Frank (1830–1891) and Emma Livingston (1840–1917), b. Steinberger was one of the SaM shop stewards. She was the widow of the musicologist Hugo Goldschmidt (1859-1920). When she died in 1933, she was buried in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Frankfurt am Main.
  • Emil Grobel was a doctor of law in Elberfeld (today part of Wuppertal), who was one of the SaM confidants . In 1926/27 he had the Cologne architect Hans Heinz Lüttgen build a three-storey country house in the style of New Building at Elberfelder Jägerhofstraße 129 , which shows the influence of the Dutch architectural group De Stijl . In 1964 he was one of the signatories of a petition initiated by Karl Graf von Westphalen to Federal Chancellor Ludwig Erhard , which campaigned for a freeze on the budget and armament of the Bundeswehr.
  • Hans Hecht (1876–1946) was a German professor for English in Göttingen. The front-line fighter of the First World War was considered a Shakespeare expert and was in contact with Martin Luserke in this regard . Due to his Jewish descent, Hecht had been withdrawn from the exam in 1934; from 1935 he was completely released from his obligations. An only moderately talented colleague, who owed his habilitation solely to Hecht's advocacy, had incited against him until Hecht's seminars were boycotted. Hidden by good friends and repeatedly warned of raids in good time, Hecht survived the Third Reich without emigrating.
  • Oskar Heller (1889–), one of SaM's shop stewards , studied in Freiburg, Munich, Berlin and Heidelberg. He received his doctorate in 1914 and was licensed as a doctor in the same year . As a pediatrician, he settled in Ludwigshafen am Rhein . In 1934 he was banned from working by the National Socialists due to his Jewish origins and emigrated to the USA in November 1934, where he settled in Hicksville, Nassau County, Long Island, in the US state of New York.
Ernst Herdieckerhoff around 1925
Alfred Hess, 1928
Else Freiin von Richthofen , around 1920
  • Elisabeth Jaffé Freiin von Richthofen (1874–1973), who was born in Alsace-Lorraine , was one of the first female social scientists in Germany, doing her doctorate under Max Weber . Jaffé-von Richthofen, described as a “dazzlingly beautiful woman”, supported the Schule am Meer as a member of the board of trustees of the Schule am Meer foundation , which generated funds for the school. She was the cousin of the “Red Baron” Manfred von Richthofen and widow of the economist, USPD politician and finance minister Edgar Jaffé, who died in 1925 . She was also in a relationship with the psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and anarchist Otto Gross , the sociologist and economist Alfred Weber and his brother, Max Weber, who worked in the same fields. She had an illegitimate child with Gross, her friend Frieda's husband, who was adopted by her husband Jaffé.
  • Selma Jolowicz (1870–1939) was a women's rights activist who called, among other things, for women to actively influence political parties and to exercise their power as consumers in the economy. From spring 1931 she was a member of the outskirts of the school by the sea . In mid-1934 she was the founder of a group of working women in Frankfurt am Main, which initially comprised around 100 women, and in 1936 it had 160 women. Specialist groups for kindergarten teachers, musicians, domestic workers, clerks and gymnastics teachers were offered, as well as lecture and music evenings, cooking and sewing courses and a newspaper reading community. As treasurer of the Jewish Women's Association , she corresponded with Ottilie Schoenewald, among others, and was active in the local branch of the federal government in Frankfurt's southern suburb of Neu-Isenburg . She advised a large number of associations on financial matters, was a lecturer at the Free Jewish Teaching House (successor institute of the Jewish Adult Education Center Frankfurt am Main, founded in 1920) and was committed to the education of young people. Due to the increasing emigration from the German Reich, the fluctuation in the individual groups was high. The activities came to an end with the November pogroms on November 9, 1938.
Walter Kaesbach , around 1925
  • Walter Kaesbach (1879–1961), art historian, was director of the Düsseldorf Art Academy at the time and an important promoter of Expressionism . He was one of the confidants of the Schule am Meer and, on the occasion of a study trip, personally guided the SaM students through an exhibition of modern painting in Düsseldorf and another to Wilhelm Lehmbruck in Duisburg. Due to their art policy, he was first given leave of absence by the National Socialists in 1933 and then removed from office.
Ludwig Kelbetz , around 1941
Ernst Kurth , around 1928
  • The Austrian Ernst Kurth (1886–1946) was one of the most important musicologists of the first half of the 20th century and was one of the confidants of the Schule am Meer who informed and advised interested parents. He researched and taught mainly in Switzerland.
  • Felix Lommel (1875–1968), physician and university professor from Jena .
Ernst Majer-Leonhard , statue in Königstein im Taunus
Paul von Monakow , around 1940
  • Paul von Monakow (1885–1945), a doctor of neurology and private lecturer in Zurich, is the son of the well-known psychiatrist and neurologist Constantin von Monakow . Paul von Monakow was married to the SaM teacher Paul Reiner's sister-in-law Alice (1889–1948). He was one of SaM's confidants. Paul Reiner died seriously ill in Zurich in 1932, a major loss for the SaM . Paul von Monakow had a fatal accident while climbing a mountain.
  • Irmgard Countess zu Münster, born von Trützschler Freiin zum Falkenstein (1891–1967), was one of SaM's confidants and supporters. Her son Oswald Graf zu Münster Freiherr von Grothaus was a SaM student until 1934 .
  • Hermann Julius Nohl (1879–1960), one of SaM's shop stewards , studied philosophy, history and German literature at the Kaiser-Friedrichs-Universität zu Berlin . In 1908 he completed his habilitation under the Nobel Prize for Literature Rudolf Eucken , with whom Martin Luserke had also studied. Through the Serakreis Jena around the publisher Eugen Diederichs he came into contact with the youth movement , through rural education homes in the Thuringian Forest such as the Free School Community of Wickersdorf to the representatives of reform pedagogy , Paul Geheeb , Martin Luserke and Gustav Wyneken . He was a full professor for education at the University of Göttingen and co-editor of the journal Die Erziehungs . In the context of the Reich Law for Youth Welfare, created in 1922, and the Youth Courts Act promulgated the following year , Nohl took a socio-educational position aimed at giving, support and rehabilitation. His monograph The Pedagogical Movement in Germany and Its Theory was still able to appear in 1935 , although the National Socialists were suspicious of him and his pedagogical conception. His work emphasizes the independence of education in theory and practice, i.e. the opposite of what the Nazis practiced. In 1937 he was forced to retire. In 1938, in his work Character and Fate - A Pedagogical Study of Man, he pointed out the need for an anthropological foundation for pedagogical theory and practice. In 1939 he published a fundamental discussion of ethical principles in his book The Moral Basic Experience - An Introduction to Ethics , Another Affront to the Nazis. Immediately after the war ended in 1945 he was able to return to his chair in Göttingen.
  • Gerhard Pinthus (1907–1955), born in Nordhausen in Thuringia , was already at the age of fourteen a member of the Communist Youth Association and a student of the Free School Community of Wickersdorf . He studied music at the Albert Ludwigs University in Freiburg im Breisgau and was one of the confidants of the Schule am Meer . As a student he became a member of the agitprop group Das Rote Sprachrohr and was responsible for the Workers' Theater Association of the Ruhr Area. In 1932 he received his doctorate on the subject of concert life in Germany. An outline of its development up to the beginning of the 19th century . Due to his political orientation, Pinthus was imprisoned by the National Socialists in 1934. He spent several years in the Buchenwald concentration camp . In 1938 he was released due to a general amnesty for political prisoners on the occasion of Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday . Pinthus managed to emigrate to Palestine , where he changed his first name from Gerhard to Benjamin. He worked as a sports teacher and music writer. He died at the age of only 48 in Giv'at Brenner south of Tel Aviv .
Robert Wichard Pohl , 1923
  • The physicist and university professor Robert Wichard Pohl (1884–1976) from Hamburg supported the Schule am Meer with a generous donation of a large number of musical instruments for the music hall and school orchestra. During the Nazi era , he belonged to the conservative opposition circle around the former Mayor of Leipzig Carl Goerdeler ; Pohl's contact person was executed in January 1945, Goerdeler the following month.
Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen , 1906
  • Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen (1878–1964) was one of the shop stewards of the school by the sea and at the same time the father of two SaM students. He was a Danish engineer and the main shareholder of Zschopauer Motorenwerke JS Rasmussen AG (for a more detailed description see the section on known parents ).
Christian Rohlfs , ca.1919
  • The painter Christian Rohlfs (1849–1938) was one of the confidants of the school by the sea . At that time he lived in Hagen , but mostly stayed in Ticino , where he worked closely with Helmuth Macke and Marianne von Werefkin . Rohlfs made originals of his own works available to the SaM for an exhibition in the school's drawing room, including watercolors and drawings. Works by Rohlfs were later classified as " degenerate " (Nazi diction) by the National Socialists and shown at the " Degenerate Art " exhibition. The day before his death he was expelled from the Prussian Academy of the Arts .
Ludwig Roselius , around 1924
  • Ludwig Roselius (1874–1943) was one of the SaM shop stewards and sponsor. He left in 1906 patented the method developed by him, the coffee , the caffeine to escape and founded Kaffee HAG . The conservative coffee trader, who was open to the ethnic and Nordic - Germanic ideas, had been the consul general of Bulgaria since 1917 with his official seat in Bremen . He supported Adolf Hitler , with whom he had met in Bremen in 1922, but also communists in need , invited the Social Democratic Reich President Friedrich Ebert to his place, corresponded with the liberal Reich Minister for Foreign Affairs Walther Rathenau and the National Liberal Reich Chancellor Gustav Stresemann . He promoted the Worpswede artists' colony . Roselius' company Kaffee HAG belonged to the Angelsachsen-Verlag, founded in Bremen in 1921, which has published a large number of publications by the Schule am Meer and some by Martin Luserke . On June 2, 1933, Roselius invited to the First Nordic Thing in Bremen, where around 150 Germanic and early history researchers, racists and archaeologists as well as around 300 guests from politics, business and the local movement met and were entertained by Roselius. He was a partner in the aircraft manufacturer Focke-Wulf and later became a supporting member of the SS ( Schutzstaffel ).
  • Alex Schackwitz (1878–1952), a two-time doctorate (Dr. phil. Et med.) Forensic doctor ( pathologist ) and author, had helped convict the notorious serial killer Fritz Haarmann in Hanover in 1924 . He was one of the shop stewards of the school by the sea .
  • Walter Schatzki (1899–1983), bookseller and antiquarian, was one of SaM's confidants. He had been running the youth library at Rathenauplatz 12 and Theaterplatz 12, today's Willy-Brandt-Platz , in Frankfurt am Main since 1920 . He not only offered new children's and youth literature, but was a meticulous collector of old children's books. In 1931 he was able to sell around 700 titles from his extensive antiquarian holdings to the New York Public Library . His passion for collecting it is thanks to them that vividly illustrated history Struwwelpeter by Heinrich Hoffmann rediscovered in 1933 and in the Island Library could be revisited. From 1926 on, Heinrich Cobet learned from him, who after the end of the war was one of the initiators of the re-establishment of the German Library , the Frankfurt Book Fair and the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade and the Association of German Publishers and Booksellers (today: the Association of German Booksellers ).
  • Emil Schubarth (1902–1978) was one of the SaM shop stewards in Switzerland. The mathematician received his doctorate in 1927 on the determination of W-curves and taught at the mathematical and natural science high school in Basel. He campaigned for equal rights for the humanistic high school branch. He held regular student-teacher discussions on the axiomatics of geometry and published, among other things, the book Progress and Memory - Opuscula selecta .
  • Hedwig "Hetty" Schuler (1900–1945) from Cologne was one of the SaM shop stewards from 1928 to 1934 at the latest. At FSG Wickersdorf she was part of Rudolf Aeschlimann's comradeship from 1917 to 1921 and, like her older sister Else Schuler (* 1897 ) pass the school leaving examination. Contact with the teacher couple Aeschlimann remained lifelong. From 1926 Hetty Schuler was portrayed by the painter, draftsman and graphic artist Franz Joseph Esser , whom she married in 1933. She also painted herself; more than seventy works by her have survived. From about mid-June to the end of July 1927, the trained children's nurse stayed on the island of Juist. Her later husband, at that time because of a study visit with a final retrospective of his own work in Istanbul, addressed photo postcards to her during this period at the address of the school by the sea , where she stayed and worked with Aeschlimanns in this world .
  • Karl Seidelmann (1899–1974) belonged to the outer community of the Schule am Meer . The habilitated music pedagogue was active in leading positions in the Bündische Jugend during the Weimar Republic , wrote and composed numerous folk songs and wrote books on manifestations of the youth movement , for example on the federal government and groups or on the boy scouts . Around 1948 he headed a youth leadership school of the Bavarian Youth Ring, founded in 1947, at Schloss Neubeuen .
  • Hannes Sild (–1937), a doctorate in law in Vienna and a well-known mountaineer, had been the husband of "Uschbamädel" Cenzi von Ficker since 1908 . The father of the SaM student Uli Sild (1911–1937) was one of the school's confidants who informed and advised the parents of potential private students (for a more detailed description see the section on known parents ).
Alfred Weber , around 1925
  • Alfred Weber (1868–1958), a doctorate and habilitation in Heidelberg sociologist and economist, who was one of the SaM confidants . The socialist-oriented weaver was in contact with Karl Jaspers and Edgar Jaffé , among others , with whose wife Elisabeth Jaffé Freiin von Richthofen he had a relationship. At times, however, she was also the partner of his brother Max Weber and Otto Gross . After the First World War , Alfred Weber was a co-founder of the German Democratic Party (DDP). As a declared opponent of National Socialism , he voluntarily stopped teaching in 1933 in order to forestall a dismissal.
  • Annemarie Elisabeth Wyneken (1906–1942), known as "Anne", grew up in Jena and was the illegitimate daughter of Gustav Wyneken's wife Luise Margaretha (1876–1945), born Dammermann, and from 1919 had been a student at FSG Wickersdorf . Her actual father was a colleague of her mother teaching at DLEH Haubinda . Gustav Wyneken, however, passed Anne off as his biological daughter. She belonged to the outer community of the SaM . From 1931 she completed an education as a primary school teacher at the Pedagogical Academy in Frankfurt am Main , which she successfully completed with the state examination on March 29, 1933 . There she met her future husband Wilhelm Herbert Balser (actually Wilhelm Herbert Adams, 1912–1945), known as “Willi”, and became friends with Eva Seligmann (1912–1997). Willi Balser and Anne married in October 1934. According to a letter of confession from Gustav Wyneken, which he addressed to Anne's husband, Anne became an admirer and supporter of Martin Luserkes as a pupil from Wickersdorf. From May 1, 1934, Anne worked as a teacher. In 1934, 1938 and 1940 the couple had children, two girls and a boy. During the Second World War, Anne's husband became a war criminal as a member of the SS Totenkopf Division under Theodor Eicke . At the end of August 1940, the mentally ill Anne was admitted to the notorious state sanatorium and nursing home in Weilmünster , which cooperated with the Hadamar euthanasia center. She apparently suffered from delusions, suspicion of schizophrenia was discussed. Their three children came to an NSV home in Darmstadt .

Other known people related to school

Georg Götsch , 1920s
Adolf Grimme , 1932
Carl Zuckmayer , 1920
  • Herbert Connor (1907–1983), journalist, music critic and music teacher, wrote at the beginning of his career in 1925 the multi-page offprints on the Schule am Meer based on Martin Luserke's information , which were repeatedly added to morning editions of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung . In 1934, he also wrote an obituary for the closed educational home in the same newspaper .
  • Marie Franke, known as "Fräulein Franke", was the economic director of the school by the sea . She had already exercised this position between 1909 and 1925 at the Free School Community of Wickersdorf and then followed Rudolf Aeschlimann , Fritz Hafner , Martin Luserke and Paul Reiner to Juist. For example, she was responsible for the nutritional reform of the pupils and worked primarily on this side , where the kitchen and dining room of the rural education home were located.
  • Georg Götsch (1895–1956), who came from the youth movement or the youth music movement , wanted to work as a music teacher at the Schule am Meer . As the initiator of the Musikheim project in Frankfurt (Oder) , however, he took over the management there after it opened in 1929. The music teacher Kurt Sydow came to SaM for Götsch
  • Adolf Grimme (1889–1963) was repeatedly in benevolent personal contact with Martin Luserke (letters have survived to this day) when it came to founding and running the school by the sea . Grimme (SPD) was a senior school officer in Magdeburg around 1925, from 1928/29 Ministerialrat in the Prussian Ministry of Culture and personal assistant to the Minister of Education, before he became Prussian Minister for Science, Art and Education in January 1930 under the new government. After the war he was Lower Saxony's first education minister and general director of the North West German Broadcasting Corporation (NWDR). The Grimme Prize is named after him.
  • Fritz Karsen (1885–1951), reform pedagogue , attended school by the sea and met Martin Luserke there . In 1932 he made it possible for a senior at his Karl Marx School in Berlin to exchange ideas with the Juister reform students. However, Luserke's pedagogical concept failed to convince him (see main article, section Critique ), not surprising given the existing ideological-political differences between the two pedagogues.
  • Antje and Jan Klostermann were the caretaker couple who took care of the school by the sea . After the school closed in 1934, they took over the stable on Mount Olympus and converted it into a residential building. The “Jans Hof” building, formerly Im Loog 11, still exists today on Störtebekerstraße.
  • Carl Zuckmayer (1896–1977), writer, stayed several times in the school by the sea to meet his brother Eduard Zuckmayer , who worked there as a music teacher, choir and orchestra leader . There he worked out the text for "Kakadu - Kakada", the composition of a children's play by his brother in 1929 (see main article, section Works ). Of course, he also met Martin Luserke , to whom he developed an antipathy, however. This may have influenced Zuckmayer's dossier on Luserke and the School by the Sea , which he wrote in 1943/44 for the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see main article, section Criticism ) .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Werner Sinn : Please bring me the New York Times - On the European Roots of Richard Abel Musgrave (PDF file; 3.8 MB). In: International Tax Public Finance, 16 (2009), pp. 124–135, reference: p. 126, on: hanswernersinn.de
  2. ↑ a b c Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the external community of Schule am Meer Juist , 5th circular, July 1930, p. 15.
  3. ^ Werner Kraft / Wilhelm Lehmann : Correspondence 1931–1968 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2008. ISBN 978-3-8353-0235-8 . (see register of persons)
  4. ^ Walter Frey-Mauerhofer: Rudolf Aeschlimann . In: Burgdorfer Jahrbuch 1963. S. 193f. (PDF file; 46.4 MB). On: unibe.ch
  5. ^ Reports from the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) - a summary report on the first two years of the school, 1925–1927 . No. 7, p. 6.
  6. ^ Foundation of the Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 9th circular, August 1931, p. 20.
  7. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Matzat : Cordes, Heinrich , on: tsingtau.org
  8. ^ Antonia (Toni) Cordes . On: charite.de
  9. ^ Foundation of the Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaflets of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 9th circular, August 1931, p. 18.
  10. ↑ a b c d Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014. ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 178.
  11. ↑ History on the North Sea island of Juist - personalities: Fritz Hafner ( Memento of the original from August 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at: juist.de, accessed on April 7, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.juist.de
  12. ↑ 1934 - Fritz Hafner, Heimatmuseum Juist , on: juist.de
  13. ^ Hans Werner Henze: Reiselieder with Bohemian fifths - Autobiographical messages 1926-1995 . S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2015. ISBN 978-3-596-31053-1 , p. 113
  14. ↑ Thomas Blubacher: Walter Jockisch . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theaterlexikon der Schweiz, Vol. 2. Chronos Verlag Zürich 2005. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3 , p. 932
  15. ^ A b Carl Zuckmayer: Correspondence: letters 1935–1977 . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2004. ISBN 978-3-89244-627-9 , p. 122
  16. ↑ a b Barbara Trottnow: Eduard Zuckmayer - A musician in Turkey . Documentary excerpt, on: YouTube, 2:41 min.
  17. ↑ a b Information sheet about the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , school year 1928/29, p. 13.
  18. ↑ a b c information sheet about the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , school year 1929/30, p. 13.
  19. ↑ Luserke, Martin , in: German Archive for Theater Education, on: archiv-datp.de
  20. ^ Helga Mittellicher: Nazi literary prizes for Austrian authors. A documentation (literature in history - history in literature) . Böhlau, Vienna 1998. ISBN 978-3-205-98204-3 . P. 87.
  21. ↑ a b c d Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 8th circular, April 1931, p. 29.
  22. ↑ Norddeutscher Lloyd: Passenger list of the "Crefeld" from June 11, 1930 - Dr. Heinrich Meyer, Juist . In: State Archives Bremen
  23. ^ The Correspondence between Eduard Berend and Heinrich Meyer . On: vanderbilt.edu
  24. ^ A b Katharina Mommsen: Novarum Rerum Cupidus: Obituary for the editor of German Studies in America: Heinrich Meyer . In: German Studies Review, Vol. 1, No. 3 (October 1978), pp. 336-341.
  25. ↑ Hans-Ulrich Grunder: Max Oettli. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 21, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Peter Dudek: Experimental field for a new youth - The Free School Community Wickersdorf 1906-1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009. ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 . P. 197.
  27. ^ Fritz Rittmeyer: The problem of the tragic with Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz . Phil. Diss. Zurich, Diss.-Druckerei A.-G. Gebr. Leemann, 1927
  28. ^ Karl S. Guthke: The German bourgeois tragedy . JB Metzler collection. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-476-01491-7 , p. 116.
  29. ↑ Werner Meyer: From the life of Fritz Rittmeyer (1903–1981) . Küsnacht 1981
  30. ^ Obituaries: Verena Rittmeyer (PDF file, 1.1 megabytes). In: Küsnachter Jahrheft 2003–2004, p. 110. On: ortsgeschichte-kuesnacht.ch
  31. ^ Fritz Rittmeyer: Mother Hearts. Jeremias Gotthelf as interpreter of marriage . Zwingli-Verlag, Zurich 1947
  32. ↑ Bernd Dühlmeier: And the school was still moving. Unknown reform pedagogues and their projects in the post-war period . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2004, ISBN 978-3-7815-1328-0 , pp. 45-46.
  33. ^ Dieter Sauberzweig (Ed.): Adolf Grimme - Briefe . Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 1967. ISBN 978-3-89244-133-5 , s. Biographical notes on the author of the introductions to the individual phases of life.
  34. ↑ Peter Zocher: Edo Osterloh - from theologian to the Christian politician. A case study on the relationship between theology and politics in the 20th century . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007. ISBN 978-3-525-55750-1 , pp. 175ff., 189-192, 709.
  35. ↑ class struggle . In: Der Spiegel, June 24, 8, 1960. On: spiegel.de
  36. ^ Sebastian Müller-Rolli, Reiner Anselm: Evangelical school policy in Germany 1918–1958: documents and presentation . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1999. ISBN 978-3-525-61362-7 . Pp. 448ff., 452, 783.
  37. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from December 6, 1931.
  38. ↑ Hans-Christian Schmidt: History of music education . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1986. p. 530.
  39. ^ Library for educational history research: Erna Vohsen . On: dipf.de
  40. ↑ a b c Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 4th circular, May 1930, p. 21.
  41. ↑ Norddeutscher Lloyd: Passenger list of the "Bremen" from August 6, 1935 - Dr. Erna Vohsen, Juist . In: State Archives Bremen
  42. ↑ Peter Zahn (Ed.): Help for Jews in Munich: Annemarie and Rudolf Cohen and the Quakers 1938–1941 , Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2013. ISBN 978-3-486-73591-8 , p. 53.
  43. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from July 8, 1931.
  44. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entries from December 2, 1931 and November 25, 1932.
  45. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entries from February 20 and 21, 1932, December 10, 1932 and February 25, 1933.
  46. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from March 25, 1930.
  47. ↑ Photo: Martin Luserke, Beate Köstlin (Uhse) and Erne Wehnert on board the octopus . On: luserke.net
  48. ↑ Cover photo : Astrid Beier: Althagen school in Mecklenburg, Ahrenshoop school in Pomerania .
  49. ^ Astrid Beier: School Althagen in Mecklenburg, School Ahrenshoop in Pomerania . Self-published, Ahrenshoop 2005, without ISBN , on: gbv.de
  50. ↑ Ahrenshoop community archive: Erne Wehnert, Althagen School / Ahrenshoop School, duration: 1946–1970.
  51. ↑ Astrid Beier / Friedrich Schulz: Whoever is setting sail is cowardly ... - Memories of the teacher Erne Wehnert (1900–1985). In: Heimatverband im Landkreis Ribnitz-Damgarten e. V. (Ed.): Yearbook 1994, pp. 97f.
  52. ↑ Photo: Gravestone of the teacher and headmistress Erne Wehnert in the cemetery of the Schifferkirche Ahrenshoop , on: genealogy.net
  53. ^ Eduard Zuckmayer . On: uni-hamburg.de
  54. ↑ Carl Zuckmayer - Gottfried Bermann Fischer. Correspondence. Letters 1935–1977 . Vol. 1. Wallstein, Göttingen 2004. ISBN 978-3-89244-627-9 , pp. 120-121.
  55. ↑ Eduard Zuckmayer - A musician in Turkey . On: bt-medienproduktion.de
  56. ^ Eduard Zuckmayer . On: kosektas.com
  57. ^ Eduard Zuckmayer . On: uni-hamburg.de
  58. ↑ Eduard Zuckmayer - A musician in Turkey . On: deutsches filminstitut.de
  59. ^ A b Klaus Bamberger: From the history of the Bamberger family. Childhood memories of Lichtenfels (= Small CHW-Schriften, Colloquium Historicum Wirsbergense, Issue 2, Lichtenfelser Hefte zur Heimatgeschichte, special issue 3), ed. v. Stadtarchiv Lichtenfels, Schulze, Lichtenfels 2005, ISBN 3-87735-177-8 , pp. 36–37.
  60. ↑ a b c d e Maria Becker: Pieces of Memory. Memories by Maria Becker - to Claude on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2000 . Unpublished essay, Uster 2000.
  61. ^ Claude P. Bamberger: History of a Family - The Bambergers of Mitwitz and Lichtenfels 1770-1992 . Tenafly, New Jersey, USA, 1993, pp. 22, 55.
  62. ^ Meinhard Meisenbach: Reminiscences with Claude . In: Claude Bamberger, George McCauley: Celebrating Friends - A Memoir , 2000/2012, p. 48.
  63. ^ A b Klaus Bamberger: From the history of the Bamberger family. Childhood memories of Lichtenfels (= Kleine CHW-Schriften, Colloquium Historicum Wirsbergense, Issue 2; Lichtenfelser Hefte zur Heimatgeschichte, special issue 3), ed. v. Lichtenfels City Archives, HO Schulze, Lichtenfels 2005, ISBN 3-87735-177-8 , pp. 42–44.
  64. ^ Stanley Garfinkel: The Garment Industry in Cleveland from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History , on: teachingcleveland.org
  65. ^ Klaus Bamberger: From the history of the Bamberger family. Childhood memories of Lichtenfels (= Kleine CHW-Schriften, Colloquium Historicum Wirsbergense, Issue 2; Lichtenfelser Hefte zur Heimatgeschichte, special issue 3), ed. v. Lichtenfels City Archives, Lichtenfels 2005, ISBN 3-87735-177-8 , pp. 13-14.
  66. ^ Claude Bamberger: Aunt Pauline - Cleveland 1938 , unpublished and undated essay.
  67. ^ Claude Bamberger: Breaking the Mold. A memoir . C. Bamberger Molding Compounds Corp., Carlstadt, New Jersey, USA, 1996, ISBN 09-653-8270-2 .
  68. ^ Sue Loebl : We Were There From the Beginning . In: Claude Bamberger, George McCauley: Celebrating Friends - A Memoir , 2000/2012, p. 34.
  69. ^ A b Klaus Bamberger: From the history of the Bamberger family. Childhood memories of Lichtenfels (= Small CHW-Schriften, Colloquium Historicum Wirsbergense, Issue 2, Lichtenfelser Hefte zur Heimatgeschichte, special issue 3), ed. v. Lichtenfels City Archives, Lichtenfels 2005, ISBN 3-87735-177-8 , p. 53.
  70. ^ Mary Lancaster: German Actress Maria Becker visits . In: The Inquirer and Mirror , Nantucket, Massachusetts. Undated two-sided newspaper clipping, presumably. 1990s.
  71. ↑ Student directory of the Free School Community Wickersdorf. In: Archives of the German Youth Movement, Ludwigstein Castle, Witzenhausen, Hesse.
  72. ↑ Ruth Bamberger: Arrival in Juist [essay on the school by the sea ], typed, undated [presumably. 1970s or early 1980s], 5 pages.
  73. ↑ Ruth Bamberger: Abitur (graduation) [essay on the school by the sea ], typewritten, undated [presumably. 1970s or early 1980s], 4 pages.
  74. ↑ Leaflets of the outer community of the Schule am Meer, Juist (North Sea) , 14th circular, April 1933, pp. 10-11.
  75. ↑ Klaus Bamberger: Meine Ferien [Diary], handwritten entries, partly rhymed, with 3 glued photos, undated [clearly summer 1935], unpublished, 43 pages plus title page, without page number indication [p. 16-17].
  76. ^ "On the way" with Maria Becker . Barbara Lukesch in: Annabelle , April 27, 2001, on: lukesch.ch
  77. ↑ Herbert von Borch . In: Munzinger Archive, on: munzinger.de
  78. ↑ Oliver Schmidt: My home is - the German labor movement. Biographical studies on Richard Löwenthal in the transition from exile to the early Federal Republic . Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Bern, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2007. ISBN 978-3-631-55829-4 , pp. 69–70.
  79. ^ Bry, Gerhard: Resistence. Recollections from the Nazi Years . West Orange, New Jersey, USA, 1979.
  80. ↑ Richarz, Monika: Citizens on withdrawal. Testimonies of German Jews 1790–1945 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1989. ISBN 978-3-406-33856-4 , pp. 458-470.
  81. ↑ Oliver Schmidt: My home is - the German labor movement. Biographical studies on Richard Löwenthal in the transition from exile to the early Federal Republic . Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Bern, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2007. ISBN 978-3-631-55829-4 , pp. 83, 93, 95, 104.
  82. ↑ Dirk Draheim (ed.): Robert Havemann: Documents of a life . Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 1991. ISBN 978-3-86153-022-0 , pp. 58-59, 70-73.
  83. ^ Gerhard Bry Memorial Site in the Beth Israel Memorial Cemetery , at: billiongraves.com
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  85. ↑ a b Hubert Kelter et al .: Martin Luserke. May 3, 1880 to June 1, 1968. Appreciation on the eve of his birthday . o. V., Hamburg 1969
  86. ↑ a b c d Hans Kolde : 1929: By plane to the Abitur ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on: edwj.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.edwj.de
  87. ^ Biography of Alfred Döblin , on: alfreddoeblin.de
  88. ↑ Allen M. Jalon: A New Jersey Tale of Two Alfred Doblins - and One Umlaut , on: forward.com
  89. ^ Obituary for Konrad Frielinghaus (PDF file, 6.7 megabytes). In: Heidelberger Blätter, 14/16, November 1969 - April 1970, Materialis-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1970, pp. 5-7, on: who-owns-the-world.org
  90. ↑ a b c Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from March 13, 1931.
  91. ↑ Hans Kolde: Fritz Hafner, 40 years of artistic creation on Juist . In: Ostfreesland. Calendar for Everyone , 68 (1985), p. 96, I-VIII.
  92. ↑ Fritz Hafner (PDF file; 78.9 kB), on: ostfriesenelandschaft.de
  93. ↑ The Coastal Museum is turning 75 at: strandlooper.com
  94. ^ Office for Transport Promotion Hanover (Hrsg.): In the car around Hanover . Funke, Hanover 1960. OCLC 935934324
  95. ^ Gerhard Dierssen : The Yellow Leader , Vol. 2, Lüneburg Heath and Middle Weser. 20 of the most beautiful day round trips by car between Hanover, Bremen and Hamburg with lots of funny curiosities and treasures along the way. With 20 map sketches by Lorenz Hafner . Madsack, Hanover 1969. OCLC 832957976
  96. ↑ Gerhard Dierssen : The Yellow Guide , Vol. 3, Harz and Vorharzgebiet - 20 of the most beautiful car tours between Hildesheim, Braunschweig and Göttingen, with many curiosities and treasures along the way. With 20 map sketches by Lorenz Hafner . Madsack, Hanover 1967. OCLC 73771831
  97. ↑ K. Thomsen: Lorenz Hafner (1919–1982) , on: strandlooper.com
  98. ↑ a b c d Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from March 22, 1933.
  99. ↑ a b Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 14th circular, April 1933, p. 10.
  100. ↑ Photo: First ZDF station logo , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 6, 2011, on: sueddeutsche.de
  101. ^ ZDF press release from January 16, 1963.
  102. ↑ Claudia Herling: Index Logo: Inspiration for Logo Development - Background Knowledge for Practice , Hüthig-Jehle-Rehm Publishing Group, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8266-5947-8 , p. 98.
  103. ↑ For Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz, various spellings of her two first names are mentioned in the secondary literature.
  104. ↑ Obituaries: Annemargret Kantorowicz Kenter , on: dignitymemorial.com
  105. ↑ For Erich Otto Kantorowicz various life dates are mentioned in the secondary literature, they range between 1915 and 1934.
  106. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist , entry from March 22, 1933.
  107. ↑ For Wigand Kenter various life dates are mentioned in the secondary literature. At least the year of his birth can be verified by a photo of his grave: Dr Wigand Kenter , at: findagrave.com
  108. ↑ a b Ralf Forsbach: The Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn in the "Third Reich" . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-4865-7989-5 , pp. 598-599.
  109. ^ As the wedding year of Anna Margarethe Kantorowicz and Dr. Wigand Kenter is also mentioned in secondary literature in 1935.
  110. ^ National Socialist injustice at the University of Bonn, relegation of students , on: uni-bonn.de
  111. ^ Ralf Forsbach: The Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn in the "Third Reich" . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-4865-7989-5 , pp. 164, 402.
  112. ^ Victims of National Socialist injustice at the University of Bonn , Senate resolution of November 5, 1998, on: uni-bonn.de
  113. ↑ Obituaries . In: Bloomington Daily Herald , August 10, 1960.
  114. ^ German Family Archives (DFA), Volume 12, p. 90.
  115. ↑ Ali Vicdani Doyum: Alfred Kantorowicz with special reference to his work in Istanbul. A contribution to the history of modern dentistry . Dissertation, University of Würzburg, 1985, p. 30f. OCLC 923299159
  116. ^ Obituaries: Ann Margaret Kenter, 102 . In: Herald Times Online , at: hoosiertimes.com
  117. ↑ Hubert Kelter: Beimoor - The early years (PDF file; 5.9 MB). In: Ursula Ehlers-Rücker (Ed.): Großhansdorf tells. Schwanenverlag, Berkenthin 2004. ISBN 978-3-9807105-4-1 . Quoted from: Heimatverein Grosshansdorf-Schmalenbeck e. V. (Ed.): Der Waldreiter, 59, 11, November 2007, pp. 37–43.
  118. ↑ We are looking for the best German translation . In: Die Zeit, February 22, 1951. On: zeit.de
  119. ↑ Kelter, Hubert . In: Commerzbibliothek Hamburg. On: gbv.de,
  120. ^ Peter Lambrecht: Luserke commemoration. In: Mitteilungsheft Nr. 83 (1993) of the association of former students and the teachers of the Meldorfer learned school / Traditionsgemeinschaft Greifenberger Gymnasiasten, Meldorf, Winter 1993, p. 9.
  121. ^ Martin Luserke estate (including files from the Martin Luserke Society). In: Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesbibliothek Kiel, call number: Cb 37. On: kalliope-verbund.info
  122. ^ Walter Frey-Mauerhofer: Rudolf Aeschlimann . In: Burgdorfer Jahrbuch 1963. P. 198. (PDF file; 46.6 MB). On: unibe.ch
  123. ^ Claudia Friedel: Women composing in the Third Reich. Attempt to reconstruct the reality of life and the prevailing image of women . LIT, Münster 1995. ISBN 3-8258-2376-8 , p. 382.
  124. ↑ Felicitas Kukuck: Autobiography in the form of a diary . P. 9. (PDF file; 446 kB). On: felicitaskukuck.de
  125. ↑ Thomas Mann, Katia Mann, Erika Mann, Klaus Mann, Golo Mann, Monika Mann, Elisabeth Mann Borgese: The letters of the Manns, a family portrait . S. Fischer Verlag. Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-10-403734-9 , letter 39: Golo Mann to Katia Mann, Heidelberg, January 15, 1932.
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  133. ↑ Markus Würz: Beate Uhse 1919–2001 , in: Lebendiges Museum Online, Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany, on: hdg.de
  134. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer, entry from March 25, 1930.
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  145. ^ Lienau, Robert Albrecht . In: German National Library. On: d-nb.info
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  148. ↑ Ulrike Längle : Paula Ludwig - Gedichte , on: planetlyrik.de, quoted from: Elisabeth Reichart (Hrsg.): Österreichische Dichterinnen . Otto Müller Verlag, Salzburg 1993. ISBN 978-3-7013-0863-7 .
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  151. ↑ Photo: Ludwig Friedel in August 2005 in Idstein , on: kulturring-idstein.de
  152. ^ Waldfriedhof Darmstadt, grave site: R 14f 4/10.
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  154. ↑ Dieter Luserke: With my father Martin Luserke on board the good ship KRAKE-ZK 14 (1988) , on: luserke.net
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  295. ↑ Eva Matthes : Nohl, Herman . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie, 19, 1999, pp. 232-324. On: deutsche-biographie.de
  296. ↑ Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich, Stefanie Schüler-Springorum: Monument figure - Biographical approach to Hans Litten , 1903-1938 . Wallstein-Verlag 2008. ISBN 978-3-8353-0268-6 , pp. 289, 290.
  297. ^ Gerhard Pinthus: The concert life in Germany. An outline of its development up to the beginning of the 19th century . (Reprint) Valentin Koerner Verlag, Baden-Baden 1977. ISBN 978-3-87320-508-6 .
  298. ^ Ralf Hoffrogge: A Jewish Communist in Weimar Germany: The Life of Werner Scholem (1895-1940) . Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden 2017. p. 563.
  299. ↑ Gerhard Pinthus , on: d-nb.info
  300. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from April 22, 1932.
  301. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 494.
  302. ^ Article by Alfred Faust on Ludwig Roselius. In: Bremer Volkszeitung, June 5, 1924.
  303. ↑ Alfred Faust released from protective custody ( memento of the original from September 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . On: radiobremen.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.radiobremen.de
  304. ↑ First Nordic Thing ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. On: radiobremen.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.radiobremen.de
  305. ^ Ernst Klee: The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 497.
  306. ↑ Courageous doctor's daughter with a love for nature. Obituary for Ilse Freifrau von Hutten zum Stolzenberg, née Schackwitz . In: Mainpost, December 3, 2006. On: mainpost.de
  307. ↑ Erwin Starke: The werewolf of Hanover . In: Der Tagesspiegel, July 1, 2014. On: tagesspiegel.de
  308. ^ Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-11-096502-5 , p. 237.
  309. ^ Hetty Schuler, 1926 . On: franzesser.de
  310. ↑ postcard from the North Sea resort of Juist with motive "dunes on the beach" of Hetty Schuler of 23 June 1927, her in-laws -to-be , the family eaters in Unkel am Rhein, postmark Juist, June 24, 1927th
  311. ↑ Photo postcard from Istanbul with motif of the exhibition of works by Franz Joseph Esser from July 7th 1927 to Hetty Schuler, Schule am Meer, Juist - Ostfriesland, Allemagne, postmark illegible.
  312. ^ Works by Karl Seidelmann (1899–1974) . On: deutscheslied.com
  313. ^ Christian E. Lewalter: No more youth movement . In: Die Zeit, April 7, 1955. On: zeit.de
  314. ↑ Peter Dudek: You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue! The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875-1864) - A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017. ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , pp. 39-57.
  315. ↑ Herbert Connor : Schule am Meer Juist , In: Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , No. 457 (September 30, 1925 / morning edition), No. 481 (October 14, 1925 / morning edition), No. 503 (October 27, 1925 / morning edition ), No. 507 (October 29, 1925 / morning edition).
  316. ^ Kurt Sydow: The life journey of Martin Luserke . Lecture on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Martin Luserke on May 3, 1980, on: luserke.net
  317. ^ Reply from the Magdeburg High School Board for Higher Girls' Schools Adolf Grimme to Martin Luserke , July 13, 1926. In: Dieter Sauberzweig (Ed.), Ludwig Fischer: Adolf Grimme - Briefe . Series: Publications of the German Academy for Language and Poetry Darmstadt, Vol. 39, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 1967. ISBN 978-3-89244-133-5 , pp. 27-28.
  318. ^ Christa Uhlig: Reform pedagogy and school reform: Discourses in the socialist press of the Weimar Republic; Sources selected from the magazines "Die Neue Zeit" / "Die Gesellschaft" and "Sozialistische Monatshefte" (1919-1933) . Lang, Bern et al. 2008. ISBN 978-3-631-55703-7 , p. 95.
  319. ↑ Secret report (preprint). In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, February 14, 2002.