Heinrich Hoffmann

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Photography from the Hermann Maas studio, Frankfurt a. M. (around 1880)

Heinrich Hoffmann (born June 13, 1809 in Frankfurt am Main ; † September 20, 1894 there ) was a German psychiatrist , poet and children's book author. He is the author of Struwwelpeter . He also used the pseudonyms Heulalius von Heulenburg , Reimerich Kinderlieb, Peter Struwwel and Polycarpus Gastfenger .

Live and act

The father Philipp Jacob Hoffmann (* 1772; † 1834) was initially married to Caroline Marie Anna Lausberg (* 1776 or 1777; † May 10, 1810) and worked as an architect and municipal building inspector. Heinrich Hoffmann attended the white women school in his hometown for three years, then the municipal grammar school until 1828 . From 1829 to 1832 he studied medicine at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg and from the summer semester 1832 at the Friedrichs-Universität Halle . With a doctoral thesis with Peter Krukenberg , he was awarded Dr. med. PhD. In Heidelberg he had been a member since 1830, later an honorary member of the Corps Alemannia. After studying in Paris from 1833 on , he returned to Frankfurt in August 1834. In 1835 the authorities of the Free City of Frankfurt appointed him to the doctor at the morgue at the cemetery in Sachsenhausen and he settled as a general practitioner and obstetrician in Sachsenhausen. From 1835 to 1846 he belonged to the clinic for the poor in the Meisengasse on. This polyclinic , established in 1834 by five Frankfurt doctors, looked after destitute patients in Frankfurt and the surrounding villages. In 1836 he joined the Masonic Lodge Zur Einigkeit . After a few years he left her because she was not accepting Jews . Hoffmann married Therese Donner (1818–1911) on March 5, 1840, a daughter of the Frankfurt hat manufacturer Christoph Friedrich Donner . He had three children with her: Carl Philipp (1841–1868), Antonie Caroline (1844–1914) and Eduard (1848–1920). Therefore it was also called "Hoffmann-Donner".

politics

From 1844 to 1851 he taught anatomy at Dr. Senckenberg Institute . In 1848 he was a member of the Frankfurt pre-parliament . He housed the revolutionary Friedrich Hecker in his household . Hoffmann himself advocated a constitutional monarchy under Prussian leadership and belonged to the hereditary imperial family . In his satirical writings Handbuch für Wühler or Concise Instructions to Become a People's Man in a Few Days ( 1848) and Der Heulerspiegel (1849) he turned decisively against the Republicans. In 1866 he advocated the annexation of the Free City of Frankfurt by Prussia .

In 1845 he was a co-founder of a medical association and composed “Wine songs for doctors” for social occasions.

From 1851 until his retirement on July 1, 1888, he was director of the institution for the insane and epileptic in Frankfurt am Main, the municipal mental hospital . He is considered the first representative of adolescent psychiatry . At his instigation, a modern new building was built on Affensteiner Feld in the then undeveloped northern Westend from 1859 to 1864 .

Heinrich Hoffmann's grave in the Frankfurt main cemetery (2015)

After his retirement he wrote his memoirs, which were only published in 1926 . He died after a stroke and was buried in the Frankfurt main cemetery (on the wall, No. 541, grave of honor). A street in Frankfurt-Niederrad is named after him, where the Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of the Frankfurt University Clinic is located today. Two museums are dedicated to him and several memorial plaques on his former residence in Frankfurt.

Literary works

Since 1842 he has published poems and plays under various pseudonyms . He described himself as an occasional poacher . He became known worldwide through his own children's book Der Struwwelpeter , which he wrote for his eldest son at Christmas 1844. Presumably in 1858 Hoffmann created a new version with changed images; all subsequent editions of Struwwelpeter are based on this .

In 1851 Hoffmann published his Christmas fairy tale King Nutcracker and Poor Reinhold . The first edition was illustrated with a handwritten drawing by the author showing the Frankfurt Christmas market .

Works

  • Poems , 1842
  • The moonwalkers. A contemporary comedy , Verlag der Jäger'schen Buch-, Papier- und Landkarten-Handlung, Frankfurt am Main 1843. Digitized
  • Funny stories and funny pictures for children aged 3–6 , 1845 - Since the 4th edition 1847 under the title " Struwwelpeter "
  • Humouristic studies , literary institution (J. Rütten), Frankfurt am Main 1847
  • Handbook for rooters or brief instructions to become a Volksmann in a few days , Gustav Mayer, Leipzig 1848
  • Howling Mirror. Messages from the diary of Mr. Heulalius von Heulenburg , 1849. Digitized
  • The true and genuine limping messenger (2 volumes), 1850–1851
  • King Nutcracker and Poor Reinhold , 1851 (see Heil dir in the wreath # re-sealing, re-sealing, parodies )
  • The Physiology of Sensory Hallucinations , Literary Institution (J. Rütten), Frankfurt a. M. 1851. Digitized
  • The Breviary of Marriage , 1853. Digitized
  • Bastian der Lazy , 1854. Digitized version of the manuscript
  • In heaven and on earth. Warm and funny things from the world of children , Literary Institute Rütten & Loening, Frankfurt a. M. 1857. pdf for download
  • All Souls Booklet. A humorous cemetery anthology , literary institution (J. Rütten), Frankfurt am Main 1858. Digitized
  • Observations and experiences on mental disorders and epilepsy in the mental asylum in Frankfurt, 1851–1858 , 1859. Digitized
  • The bathing resort of Salzloch, its iodine, bromine, iron and salty sulfur springs and the tannic acidic animal air baths, along with an apology for the game of gamble , literary institution (Rütten & Löning), Frankfurt a. M. 1860. Digitized
  • A songbook for naturalists and doctors , 1867. Digitized
  • Prince Grünewald and Perlenfein with their dear little donkey , 1871. Digital copy of the manuscript
  • On cheerful paths. Collected poems , literary institution (Rütten & Löning), Frankfurt a. M. 1873. Digitized 2nd edition.
  • Visit to Mrs. Sun. New funny stories and funny pictures , Rütten & Löning, Frankfurt am Main 1924 (edited by Eduard and Walther Hessenberg)
  • Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann tells from his life , Englert a. Schlosser, Frankfurt a. M. 1926 (edited by Eduard Hessenberg)

The original manuscript of the book Funny stories and funny pictures, which contains Struwwelpeter , is in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum (8 ° Hs 100921, 21 × 16.8 cm).

dice game

  • Herr Fix von Bickenbach's trip around the world in 77 days , Struwwelpeter Museum Frankfurt am Main, 2012. Available as a facsimile in a slipcase.

museum

The Heinrich Hoffmann and Struwwelpeter Museum has existed in Frankfurt am Main since 1977 and provides information about the life and work of this man and his classic children's book. In September 2019 the museum moved into the Haus zum Esslinger in the New Frankfurt Old Town , now under the name "Struwwelpeter-Museum" .

Exhibitions

literature

bibliography

  • Walter Sauer: Struwwelpeter and his creator Dr. Heinrich Hoffmann. Bibliography of secondary literature . Ed. Inkwell , Neckarsteinach 2003, ISBN 3-9808205-5-6 .
  • Reiner Rühle: "Bad children". Annotated bibliography of Struwwelpetriaden and Max-und-Moritziaden with biographical data on authors and illustrators. Wenner, Osnabrück 1999.

Overview representations

Special studies

  • Anita Eckstaedt: "The Struwwelpeter". Poetry and Interpretation. A psychoanalytic study. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-518-40786-4
  • Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann yesterday and today , ed. v. Gerhard H. Herzog. Sinemis, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-921345-13-8
  • Reimar Klein: “Look, here it is!” Struwwelpeter's damaged children's world. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-458-17247-5
  • Marie-Luise Könnecker: Dr. Heinrich Hoffmann's Struwwelpeter . Investigations into the genesis and function history of a bourgeois picture book. Stuttgart 1977.
  • Günther Mahal: Doctor Faust and Struwwelpeter. A search for hairy connections . Windrose, Kieselbronn 1998, ISBN 3-9803612-9-2
  • "If the children are good ..." . On the topicality of the children's classic "Struwwelpeter", ed. v. Ortrun riveting hammer. Daedalus, Münster 2006, ISBN 3-89126-236-1
  • Ursula Peters: "Funny stories and funny pictures", Heinrich Hoffmann's original manuscript of "Struwwelpeter" , In: month gazette. Museums and exhibitions in Nuremberg, August 2003, pp. 2–3;
  • Barbara Smith Chalou: Struwwelpeter, humor or horror? 160 years later. Lexington Books, Lanham, Md 2007, ISBN 0-7391-1664-9
  • Ulrich Wiedmann: On the anamnesis of Struwwelpeter. A new attempt to clarify the origin of the old child horror. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 515-520.

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Hoffmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Heinrich Hoffmann  - Quotes
Wikisource: Heinrich Hoffmann  - Sources and full texts

Audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Deutschland Heiraten, 1558-1929," database, FamilySearch ( https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NZH7-YQW  : 11 February 2018), Heinrich Hoffmann and Friederike Wilhelmine Theresia Donner, 05 Mar 1840; citing Frankfurt (Main), Hessen-Nassau, Prussia, Germany; FHL microfilm 341,801.
  2. ↑ Ulrich Wiedmann: Heinrich Hoffmann: a severely tested man. The exams of the 'Struwwelpeter' author plus a few digressions. In: Würzburger medical historical reports , Vol. 18, 1999, pp. 375–387; here: pp. 375–381.
  3. ↑ Dissertation: De phlegmasia alba .
  4. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1910, 110/33
  5. ↑ "My father used to be an eager brother and himself a master of the chair. He later stepped out of the disagreements that were not entirely clear to me. When I went to Halle, where, as I learned, the lodge there had become the meeting point for the educated I asked him if I should also enter the box; but he refused, remarking that Freemasonry was an empty nest in which a perishable cuckoo might lay its egg. But now, after his death, I found out that in the course of those years he had received 300 guilders from the lodge for my studies. (...) I thought it was a duty of gratitude to follow this call and became a member of the lodge for unity. " Heinrich Hoffmann in his memoirs, edited by his grandson Eduard Hessenberg 1926, p. 84 f.
  6. ^ Helmut Siefert : Hoffmann, Heinrich. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 609 f; here: p. 609.
  7. ↑ Guide to the graves of well-known personalities in Frankfurt cemeteries . Frankfurt am Main 1985, p. 34
  8. ↑ Struwwelpeter's travel-loving brother in FAZ of December 28, 2012, page 30
  9. ↑ Eckart Roloff and Karin Henke-Wendt: A colorful house - from psychiatry to classic children's books. (Heinrich Hoffmann & Struwwelpeter Museum) In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2, Southern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, pp. 188–190, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9
  10. ↑ Beate Zekorn-von Bebenburg: Struwwelpeter moves into the old heart of the city , accessed on September 19, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Hoffmann, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kinderlieb, Reimerich (pseudonym); Struwwel, Peter (pseudonym); Heulenburg, Heulalius von (pseudonym); Gastfenger, Polycarpus (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist and author
DATE OF BIRTH June 13, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH September 20, 1894
Place of death Frankfurt am Main