Canton of Ticino
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Republic and Canton of Ticino Repubblica e Cantone Ticino |
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| Canton of the Swiss Confederation | |
| Abbreviation / license plate : | TI |
| Official language : | Italian |
| Main town : | Bellinzona |
| Largest place : | Lugano |
| Accession to the federal government : | 1803 |
| Area : | 2,812.16 km² |
| Height range : | 193–3400 m above sea level M. |
| Website: | www.ti.ch |
| population | |
| Residents: | 353,343 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 126 inhabitants per km² |
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Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
27.7% (December 31, 2015) |
| Unemployment rate : | 4.2% (December 31, 2015) |
| Location of the canton in Switzerland | |
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| Map of the canton | |
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| Municipalities of the canton | |
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The Ticino [ tɛsiːn ] ( abbreviation TI ; Italian Ticino [ titʃiːno ], Lombard Tesín, TiSiN [ Tezin Tizin ], French Ticino , Romansh ), officially Italian Repubblica e Cantone Ticino (Republic and Canton of Ticino), is a Canton in Switzerland . The main town is Bellinzona , the most populous city of Lugano . The southernmost point of Switzerland is located in Chiasso . The southern part of the canton is part of the cross-border Swiss-Italian metropolitan region of Ticino .
In Ticino Italian and Lombard (Ticinese in Sopraceneri and Comasco-Lecchese in Sottoceneri) are spoken; In the municipality of Bosco / Gurin , German ( Walser German) is the traditional language. Along with Graubünden , Ticino is one of the two Swiss cantons with Italian as the official language .
geography
The highest point is at 3402 m above sea level. M. the Rheinwaldhorn (Italian Adula ); the lowest point is 193 m above sea level. M. on Lake Maggiore and is also the lowest point in Switzerland .
Together with the four southern Graubünden valleys of Bergell (Val Bregaglia), Calancatal (Val Calanca), Misox (Val Mesolcina) and Puschlav (Val Poschiavo) , it forms Italian (speaking) Switzerland (Svizzera italiana) .
Ticino makes up most of the Italian part of Switzerland. It lies on the southern side of the Alps and is largely surrounded by Italy ; in the north and northeast it borders on the Swiss cantons of Graubünden , Valais and Uri . Campione d'Italia forms an enclave . The area is 2812 square kilometers, which corresponds to 7% of the total area of Switzerland. About a quarter of the area is considered unproductive and a third is forested. The two large lakes Langensee ( Lago Maggiore or Verbano ) and Luganersee ( Lago di Lugano or Ceresio ) set important accents .
Waters
The canton takes its name from the river Ticino (Ticino), which rises on the south side of the Gotthard massif on the Nufenen Pass , flows through the Bedretto valley (Val Bedretto) and the Leventina (Valle Leventina) in a south-easterly direction and then, from the canton's capital, Bellinzona, to the west the Magadino plain flowing, flowing into the Langensee.
The main tributaries on this route are the Brenno from the Blenio valley (Valle di Blenio) and the Moësa from Misox in Graubünden. The rest of the canton to the north of Monte Ceneri ( Sopraceneri ) is also drained into Lake Maggiore, namely by the Maggia and Verzasca rivers . Most of the southern part of the canton ( Sottoceneri ) drains into Lake Lugano and from there via the Tresa also into Lake Langensee, whose outflow - again called "Ticino" - flows into the Po just below the town of Pavia .
Parts of the southernmost “tip” of Switzerland, the Mendrisiotto , also ultimately drain into the Po, but not via the Ticino. Coming from the Muggio valley , the Breggia flows through the Chiasso basin and joins the water of the Adda in Lake Como . The western Mendrisiotto is traversed by the Gaggiolo river, which flows into the Olona near Malnate in the Italian province of Varese under the name "Rio Ranza" (also called "Rio Ranzo" or "Rio Lanza") , also a tributary of the Po .
vegetation
Notable among the rich flora are the vast forests of sweet chestnuts . Otherwise they only exist in a few parts of the world in this purity and area. In addition, palm trees, cypresses and other Mediterranean plants thrive in Ticino. This is why the canton is known as the “sunny corner of Switzerland”.
population
The people of Ticino feel a strong cultural connection with their neighbor Italy . As of December 31, 2018, the population of the Canton of Ticino was 353,343. The population density of 126 inhabitants per square kilometer is below the Swiss average (207 inhabitants per square kilometer). The proportion of foreigners (registered residents without Swiss citizenship ) was 27.7 percent on December 31, 2015, while 24.6 percent were registered nationwide. As of December 31, 2015, the unemployment rate was 4.2 percent compared to 3.7 percent at the federal level.
languages
Italian is the official language in Ticino . 87.7 percent have Italian as their main language, 10.8 percent German , 5.1 percent French (multiple answers were possible). In addition, English was represented with 3.1 percent.
A large part of the population, albeit in decline, speaks local dialects belonging to Lombard (“ Ticinés ”). According to the census of 2000, 14 percent of everyday life in Ticino spoke only Lombard and 40 percent spoke both Lombard and standard Italian. Since the northern Italian dialects of Lombardy (including Italian-speaking Switzerland), Piedmont , Liguria and Emilia-Romagna have a Gallo-Roman background, many expressions are similar to French , including nasal sounds and palatal "ö" and "ü" are common. In the Ticino dialect it says, for example:
“Un om al gheva dü fiöö” [un ˈom al gˈeva dy (ː) ˈfjøː] , in standard Italian one would say: “un uomo aveva due figli” (a man had two sons). "Heart" means "cör" [køːr] in the dialect , similar to the French "cœur" [kœr] and not like Italian "cuore" [kwɔre] . And “500 pigs” (cinquecento maiali) means “cinc-cent ciügn” [ʧinˈʧeːn (t) ˈʧyɲ] in Ticino .
The dialectal vocabulary and folk culture of Ticino and southern Graubünden are documented by the Vocabolario dei dialetti della Svizzera italiana .
The Walser community of Bosco / Gurin is a specialty , in which German is the traditional language (not to be confused with the official language).
The Ticino sign language is used in the canton of Ticino , the Lingua dei segni della Svizzera italiana (LIS-SI). It is a dialect of the Lingua dei Segni Italiana (LIS). LIS-SI, like the German-Swiss sign language and the French -speaking Swiss sign language, belongs to the family of French sign languages . The Ticino sign language has two varieties (Bellinzona and Lugano).
| Population aged 15 and over by religion in percent (2012) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 69.6 | |||
| evangelical reformed | 4.4 | |||
| other christian church | 5.3 | |||
| Jewish | 0.1 | |||
| Muslim | 2.0 | |||
| other religious community | 0.5 | |||
| no information | 1.7 | |||
| non-denominational | 16.2 | |||
Religions - denominations
Ticino is strongly Catholic. Even today, the majority of the Ticino population is a member of the Roman Catholic Church (70.1 percent of the resident population in 2016), which is organized in the Diocese of Lugano .
According to a Swiss-wide survey by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of 200,000 people aged 15 and over, 69.6 percent of those surveyed in Ticino in 2012 said they were Roman Catholic , 4.4 percent were Protestant and 5.3 percent belonged to other Christian churches. Another 2.0 percent professed their support for an Islamic community, 0.1 percent for Judaism and 0.5 percent for other religious communities. 16.2 percent described themselves as non-denominational . Ticino has also had a lively Syrian Orthodox community since 1980, with about 420 families. These are Assyrians who still use Aramaic as their mother tongue. These oriental Christians come mainly from Tur-Abdin (southeastern Turkey) as well as from Syria and Lebanon.
Depopulation of the mountain valleys
Until the beginning of the 20th century, Ticino was a rural canton. In the middle of the 19th century a third of the population lived in villages over 600 m, today it is 7 percent.
Constitution and Politics
The current canton constitution is dated December 14, 1997 (with changes since then).
legislative branch
Great advice
The legislative body ( legislature ) is the Grand Council ( Gran Consiglio ), as the cantonal parliament in Ticino is called. It has 90 members, who are elected every four years in a single constituency according to proportional representation.
Since the election on April 7, 2019, the seats in the cantonal parliament have been distributed as follows:
| Party (Italian name) | Party (German name) | Seats 2015 | Distribution of seats in 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Partito liberale radicale ticinese (PLRT) | FDP.The Liberals (FDP) | 24 | |
| Lega dei Ticinesi (Lega) | League of Ticino (Lega) | 22nd | |
| Partito popolare democratico (PPD) |
Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) | 17th | |
| Partito socialista svizzero (PS) | Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) | 13 | |
| Unione democratica di centro (UDC) |
Swiss People's Party (SVP) | 5 | |
| I Verdi Ticinesi (VERDI) | Green Ticino | 6th | |
| Movimento per il socialismo (MPS) |
Movement for socialism | 1 | |
| Partito Comunista (PC) | Communist Party | 1 | |
| Unione Democratica Federale (UDF) | Federal Democratic Union (EDU) | 1 | |
| Più Donne (Più Donne) | More women | 0 |
Direct democracy
Constitutional amendments are subject to the compulsory referendum and must therefore be submitted to the referendum (Art. 82 KV). The optional referendum is subject to legislative enactments or amendments, legislative decrees with a generally binding character, spending decisions on one-off expenses of more than one million francs or annually recurring expenses of more than 250,000 Swiss francs, as well as legislative international treaties, if this is done within 60 days of the Publication of the request in the official gazette is required by at least 7,000 eligible voters or by a fifth of the municipalities (Art. 42 ff. KV).
The people can propose laws and changes to the law themselves in the form of a legislative initiative if 7,000 eligible voters support a proposal to this effect within 100 days of publication of the request in the Official Journal (Art. 37 ff. KV). Initiatives to amend the constitution require the support of 10,000 voters; For this, too, the signatures must be collected within 100 days of the publication of the request for initiative in the Official Journal (Art. 82 ff. KV).
executive
The ultimate fully pulling or executive body ( executive ), the Council of State ( Consiglio di Stato ), as the cantonal government called in Ticino. It consists of five members who are elected every four years in a single constituency by the people directly according to proportional representation. The members of the State Council elect the President from among their ranks for one year.
15,000 voters can demand that a referendum be held to dismiss the Council of State. The Grand Council itself can recall a member of the State Council with an absolute majority of its votes.
| State Council | Official title | Political party | department |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manuele Bertoli |
Presidente del Consiglio di Stato President of the Council of State |
SP / PS |
Dipartimento dell'educazione, della cultura e dello sport (DECS) Department of Education, Culture and Sport |
| Claudio Zali |
Vice-President del Consiglio di Stato Vice-President of the Council of State |
Lega |
Dipartimento del territorio (DT) Department of Construction, Environment and Transport |
| Raffaele De Rosa |
Consigliere di Stato Council of State |
CVP / PPD |
Dipartimento della sanità e della socialità (DSS) Department of Health and Social Affairs |
| Norman Gobbi |
Consigliere di Stato Council of State |
Lega |
Dipartimento delle istituzioni (DI) Department of Home Affairs, Justice and Police |
| Christian Vitta |
Consigliere di Stato Council of State |
FDP / PLR |
Dipartimento delle finanze e dell'economia (DFE) Department of Finance and Economics |
Arnoldo Coduri holds the office of State Clerk (Cancelliere dello Stato) .
Judiciary
The civil jurisdiction is determined by the Friedensrichter ( Giudice di Pace ; mediation authority), the Pretori (in the first instance) and the Appeal ( Tribunale di appello ; exercised, the second instance) criminal justice by the judgment ( penale Tribunale cantonale ) and the Pretura penale ( both in the first instance), the appellate court ( Corte di appello e di revisione penale ; in the second instance) and the juvenile judge. In 2011/2012, after the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure came into force, which no longer provides for trials based on the principle of immediacy, the jury was converted into a criminal court chamber made up of criminal judges and laypeople with access to files.
The administrative jurisdiction is by three major chambers of Appeal that an administrative court ( Tribunale cantonale amministrativo ), insurance court ( Tribunale cantonale delle Assicurazioni ) and the Tax Court ( Camera di diritto tributario ) function, as well as by the expropriation court ( Tribunale delle espropriazioni ) exercised.
The judges are elected except the popularly elected magistrate by the Great Council; their term of office is ten years. Supervision of the judges is exercised by the Judges' Council ( Consiglio della magistratura ) , which is composed of four persons elected by the Grand Council and three by the full-time judges.
The Federal Criminal Court ( Tribunale penale federale ) also has its seat in Bellinzona .
Municipalities, counties and districts
The political communities ( comuni ) are autonomous within the framework of cantonal constitutional and administrative law. They perform general public tasks at the local level. The civil parishes ( patriziati ) and the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Reformed parishes are also recognized under public law and are each responsible for the affairs of local citizens and church members.
The circles ( circoli ) are now just a district of justice of the peace. They no longer play a role in administration and are accordingly no longer mentioned in the cantonal constitution.
The districts ( distretti ), which are largely identical with the various landscapes and valleys of Ticino, serve the purpose of administrative decentralization according to the constitution. In practice, however, they only play a very marginal role and therefore primarily have an identity-creating function.
economy
Income and employment sectors
In 2011, the gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant was 80,400 Swiss francs . In 2012 there were 212,679 employees in the canton of Ticino, of which 3,397 were in the primary (primary production) , 51,394 in the secondary (industry) and 157,888 in the tertiary sector (services) . 33,311 jobs were counted in the canton in 2012 (of which 1,263 in the primary, 5,009 in the secondary and 27,039 in the tertiary sector). The unemployment rate amounted at 31 December 2015 of 4.2 percent compared to 3.7 percent at the federal level.
tourism
Many visitors, especially from German-speaking Switzerland and Germany, come to Ticino to enjoy the beautiful landscape, the Mediterranean climate and the Italian flair, combined with Swiss secondary virtues such as reliability and quality awareness. In 2012, 21.3 million guests came, of which 58 percent were overnight guests, 20 percent day visitors and 22 percent other people (shopping, casino, transit). 36 percent of overnight stays are generated in holiday apartments, holiday homes and rustici (second homes), which is important for the local economy.
The canton of Ticino, especially in rural areas, is relatively heavily dependent on tourism. 12 percent of the employees in 183,500 full-time positions worked in this sector and in 2012 generated 2,725 billion Swiss francs, which corresponds to 9.6 percent of the canton's gross domestic product; across Switzerland it was only 2.6 percent. In 2017, there were 1802 restaurants and 425 hotels in the canton south of the Alps, generating 2,455,099 overnight stays. The number of overnight stays in hotels has risen slightly for the first time since 2016, after having totaled 3,367,802 overnight stays in 1987. The reform of the local and cantonal tourism organizations, the introduction of the Ticino ticket for hotel guests and the opening of the Gotthard Base Tunnel have contributed to the recovery and improvement of tourism figures .
The Lago Maggiore , the Lake Lugano , the cities of Bellinzona , Locarno , Ascona and Lugano are among the main tourist centers. There are also many mountains, valleys, villages and hamlets, most of which have not yet been overrun by tourists and which have retained much of their original charm with a simple construction and rural, quieter way of life.
Foxtown, a shopping center with 160 stores and 250 brands that is open seven days a week and is located north of Mendrisio , attracts shoppers from near and far. The Italian exclave Campione d'Italia is located on Lake Lugano and is known for its casino , which is visible from around the world and was planned by the Ticino architect Mario Botta and rebuilt in 2007. In July 2018, this casino went bankrupt.
traffic
Since its foundation, the canton of Ticino has waged a “struggle” against geographical isolation from the rest of the country and made enormous financial sacrifices for the expansion of the pass roads; for a long time he remained powerless against the weather-related closings of the Alpine crossings during winter.
With the opening of the Gotthard railway tunnel in 1882, a year-round connection between the canton and the rest of Switzerland was created for the first time. Two snow-free road connections followed in the second half of the 20th century, namely the San Bernardino road tunnel opened on December 1, 1967 in the neighboring canton of Graubünden and the Gotthard road tunnel opened to traffic on September 5, 1980 .
The 57 km long Gotthard railway base tunnel has been in operation since 2016, reducing the travel time from Zurich to Milan by around an hour to 2 hours 40 minutes, making it a competitive alternative to airplanes and cars. Since its completion in 2016, it has been the longest rail tunnel in the world and is intended to relieve the Gotthard road tunnels and Gotthard rail tunnels, which are overwhelmed by the growing freight and passenger traffic.
In 2019, the degree of motorization (passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants) was 632.
Viticulture
The soils and climatic conditions in Ticino can be divided into two parts, between which the Monte Ceneri stands. There are differences in the air currents and the terrain to the north and south of the 500 meter high pass. In the north the soils are light, sandy and permeable to water. In the south, however, the soil is heavier and more fertile. However, both contain the calcareous sediments that are important for the mineral supply of the grapes. Ticino is rightly one of the best-known and, despite its small size, important wine-growing regions in Europe.
In the 1980s, viticulture in Ticino experienced a great boom, thanks mainly to some progressive winemakers who advocated quality with limited cultivation and published innovative winemaking methods. A small part of the cultivation area is still used for American vines, from which grape juice and grappa are made.
Education and culture
The constitution of the Canton of Ticino stipulates in Title I, Art. 1, Clause 1: "The Canton of Ticino is a democratic republic of Italian culture and language."
education
Nine years of schooling are compulsory in the canton of Ticino. The average age to start school is six years. School time is divided into five years of scuola elementare (primary school) and four years of scuola media (middle school). If a student has completed these nine school years, he can voluntarily attend the liceo, which corresponds to the grammar school , or similar types of school. From the age of 15 a person can look for work.
Ticino has a university , which is not designed as a full university , with three faculties of communication, economics and computer science in Lugano and an architecture faculty in Mendrisio . The University of Italian Switzerland (USI) has around 3000 students. Furthermore, technical college courses are offered at the Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI).
Culture
Since 1985 the ten-day New Orleans Jazz Festival has been taking place in Ascona at the end of June , which is now called JazzAscona . In mid-July there are major concerts under the name Moon & Stars on Locarno's Piazza Grande, which attract several thousand people. The ten-day Locarno Festival has been held every August since 1946 and the “Golden Leopard” is awarded on the Piazza Grande.
history
In the Middle Ages , the area of today's Canton of Ticino was ruled by the dukes of Milan (→ History of Milan ). The confederates achieved their predominance in the southern Alpine valleys during the so-called Ennetbirgischen campaigns between 1403 and 1515, the areas except Livinen (Leventina), which Uri was subject to, became common rulers of the entire Old Confederation (except Appenzell).
With the entry of French revolutionary troops in 1798 into the territory of the Confederation, the subject status of Ticino ended. When Napoleon Bonaparte gave them the choice of belonging to Lombardy or the “Helvetic Republic”, the Ticino people created the slogan liberi e svizzeri . During the mediation period in 1803, Ticino was upgraded to a fully-fledged Swiss canton, replacing the Swiss cantons of Bellinzona and Lugano , founded in 1798 .
The internal history of the then young canton, however, remained turbulent as a result of the antagonism between the clericals, who were in the Sopraceneri, and the liberals, who had the decisive majority in the Sottoceneri. Through internal disputes and mediation or intervention by the federal authorities, various conflicts between the two groups had to be resolved in the course of the 19th century (see Kulturkampf in Switzerland ).
Administrative division
Political communities
The canton of Ticino comprises 115 political communities (April 2, 2017). The Ticino State Council intends to reduce the number of municipalities from 135 to 23 by 2020 (comparable to the Glarus municipal reform ).
Listed below are the most populous political communities in Ticino with over 5,000 inhabitants as of December 31, 2018:
| Political community | Residents |
|---|---|
| Lugano | 63,185 |
| Bellinzona , capital | 43'220 |
| Locarno | 15,826 |
| Mendrisio | 14,942 |
| Chiasso | 7979 |
| Minusio | 7302 |
| Capriasca | 6707 |
| Losone | 6701 |
| Massagno | 6226 |
| Biasca | 6115 |
| Ascona | 5481 |
| Gambarogno | 5192 |
Districts
The canton of Ticino is divided into eight districts ( distretti ) , which in turn are divided into 38 districts ( circoli ):
| district | main place |
|---|---|
| Bellinzona | Bellinzona |
| Blenio | Acquarossa |
| Leventina | Faido |
| Locarno | Locarno |
| Lugano | Lugano |
| Mendrisio | Mendrisio |
| Riviera | Riviera |
| Vallemaggia | Cevio |
See also
literature
- Carlo Agliati, Rossana Cardani Vergani, Giuseppe Chiesi, Andrea Ghiringhelli, Anastasia Gilardi, Marco Marcacci, Paolo Ostinelli, Nelly Valsangiacomo: Tessin (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Beat Allenbach: Ticino - images of a living space. Werd-Verlag, Zurich 1999, ISBN 3-85932-263-X .
- Dieter Bachmann, photos: Horst Munzig: Ticino: The idyll that sold. In: Geo-Magazin . Hamburg 1979, 1, ISSN 0342-8311 , pp. 106-126.
- Giulio Barni, Guglielmo Canevascini: L'industria del granito e lo sviluppo economico del Canton Ticino. 1st edition 1913, 2nd edition ed. by Marco Marcacci and Gabriele Rossi. Fondazione Pellegrini-Canevascini, Bellinzona 2009.
- Raffaello Ceschi (Ed.): Storia del Cantone Ticino (2 volumes). Stato del Cantone Ticino, Bellinzona 1998, 2nd edition 2000.
- Raffaello Ceschi: Ottocento ticinese. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 1986.
- Ferdinando Crespi: Ticino irredento. La frontiera contesa. Dalla battaglia culturale dell 'Adula ai piani d'invasione. Edizioni Franco Angeli, Milano 2004.
- Marcello Sorce Keller: Canton Ticino: una identità musicale? Cenobio, LII (2003), April-June, pp. 171-184; again in: Bulletin - Swiss Society for Ethnic Music and Society for Folk Music in Switzerland, October 2005, pp. 30–37.
- Hannes Maurer: Ticino valleys - Ticino worlds. History and stories. 2nd Edition. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2003, ISBN 3-03823-029-4 .
- Giuseppe Rensi: Una Repubblica Italiana: il Cantone Ticino. Edited by Giancarlo Vigorelli. Editore Armando Dadò, Locarno 1994.
- Giulio Vismara, Paola Vismara, Adriano Cavanna: Ticino medievale. Storia di una terra lombarda. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 1990, ISBN 88-85115-11-X .
Trivia
For the 1972 federal election , the political graphic artist Klaus Staeck produced his ironic political poster German workers! The SPD wants to take your villas in Ticino away from you . The poster achieved a print run of 75,000 copies and is the best known of Staeck's motifs.
Web links
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Wikivoyage | - Travel Guide |
- Official website of the Canton of Ticino (Italian)
- Website of the Tourism Agency of the Canton of Ticino
- Official statistics
- History of the canton
- Ticino artists in Europe, 13. – 19. century
- Link catalog on the subject of the Canton of Ticino at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
References and comments
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
- ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Lessico dialettale della Svizzera italiana , Volume 5, p. 495.
- ↑ The southernmost point of Switzerland. In: ticino.de. Agenzia turistica ticinese, accessed February 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Claudia Wirz: "Paradise is here!" In: nzz.ch. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), March 28, 2014, accessed on December 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Ticino. In: planet-wissen.de. Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (WDR), June 27, 2016, accessed on December 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b The situation on the labor market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ↑ a b key figures. Ticino. (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office (FSO), archived from the original on July 3, 2015 ; Retrieved June 26, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Martin Schuler, Thérèse Huissoud, Christophe Jemelin, Suzanne Stofer: Structural Atlas of Switzerland. Edited by the Federal Statistical Office. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1997, p. 220 f.
- ↑ Quoted from: Repertorio toponomastico ticinese. I nomi di luogo dei comune del Cantone Ticino: Ronco sopra Ascona. Edited by the State Archives of the Canton of Ticino, Bellinzona 2007, p. 167.
- ↑ a b Annuario Statistico Ticinese 2015 (Version from 07/10/2017). Ufficio di statistica del Cantone Ticino (Statistical Office of the Canton of Ticino), accessed on April 4, 2019 (Italian).
- ^ Diocese of Lugano - Statistics. Accessed April 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Since 2010, the FSO's data on religious communities in Switzerland have been based on a sample survey for which 200,000 people aged 15 and over are surveyed. As a result, the data from the censuses prior to 2010, which recorded all people of all ages residing in Switzerland, and the official church membership numbers cannot be compared one-to-one with the data from the structural survey. See census in Switzerland # structure survey .
- ^ Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Ticino. dated December 14, 1997 (as of July 11, 2006). The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation ( admin.ch ), accessed on January 26, 2015 (translation).
- ^ Costituzione della Repubblica e Cantone Ticino (del 14 December 1997). Republic and Canton of Ticino, accessed January 26, 2015 (Italian).
- ↑ Governo (Consiglio di Stato)
- ↑ Gerhard Lob: In Ticino, almost 10 percent of the gross domestic product is generated by tourism. This added value is above the Swiss average, but below the Graubünden and Valais reference value. In: Tessiner Zeitung, February 20, 2015, p. 3.
- ↑ Marco Moser: Breakthrough in Ticino, Breakthrough for Ticino. In: GastroJournal, Zurich May 3, 2018, pp. 1–11.
- ↑ https://www.ticino.ch/de/commons/details/FoxTown-Factory-Stores/87292.html
- ↑ Peter Jankovsky: Rien ne va plus in the roulette village. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , September 1, 2018.
- ↑ bfs.admin.ch
- ↑ https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20012210/index.html
- ^ History of JazzAscona in: www.jazzascona.ch
- ↑ https://moonandstars.ch/de/
- ^ Giuseppe Chiesi: Visconti (dukes). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ^ Fritz Schaffer: Outline of Swiss History. Huber, Frauenfeld 1976.
- ↑ The Ticino government wants to redesign the canton. In: nzz.ch. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), January 3, 2014, accessed on April 9, 2016 .
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ^ Political art: Everything tidy , in: Der Spiegel , edition 44/1972, p. 197.
- ^ Klaus Staeck: Without order. Out and about in terms of art and politics. Göttingen 2000, p. 44.
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