Varese

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Varese
coat of arms
Varese (Italy)
Varese
Country Italy
region Lombardy
province Varese  (VA)
Local name Varés
Coordinates 45 ° 49 ′  N , 8 ° 50 ′  E Coordinates: 45 ° 49 ′ 0 ″  N , 8 ° 50 ′ 0 ″  E
height 382  m slm
surface 54 km²
Residents 80,645 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 1,493 inhabitants / km²
Factions Avigno, Bizzozero, Biumo Inferiore, Biumo Superiore, Bobbiate, Bregazzana, Bustecche, Calcinate del Pesce, Calcinate degli Orrigoni, Campo dei Fiori, Capolago, Cartabbia, Casbeno, Lissago, Masnago, Prima Cappella, Rasa di Varese, San Fermo,, Santa Maria del Monte, Sant'Ambrogio Olona, ​​Schiranna, Velate
Post Code 21100
prefix 0332
ISTAT number 012133
Popular name varesini
Patron saint Victor of Milan ( May 8 )
Website Varese
Varese municipality in the province of Varese
Varese from the north

Varese ( Lombard : Varés ) is a municipality , capital of the province of Varese in north-west Lombardy and has been a university town (Università d'Insubria) since 1998 .

geography

The city is located east of Lake Varese (only the Varese towns Calcinate del Pesce and Schiranna are directly on the lake at 283 m above sea level), near the Swiss border , between Lake Maggiore and Lake Como . It goes to the foot of the local mountain Campo dei Fiori di Varese , which is up to 1,227 m above sea level. M. reaches up. The city covers an area of ​​54  km² at an altitude of 382 m above sea level. M. It is located about 55 km north of Milan .

The neighboring municipalities are Arcisate , Azzate , Biandronno , Bodio Lomnago , Brinzio , Orino , Buguggiate , Cantello , Casciago , Castello Cabiaglio , Cazzago Brabbia , Galliate Lombardo , Gavirate , Gazzada Schianno , Induno Olona , Lozza , Luvinate , Malnate and Vedano Olnate .

history

The region has been around since around 3000 BC. Settled. The city's name is believed to be derived from the Celtic word vara (water). One after the other, Etruscans , Celts , Romans and Lombards ruled here , whose empire was conquered by Charlemagne in 774 .

In 1859, in the course of the Risorgimento and the war between France, Piedmont and Austria near Vareses ( German obsolete: Väris ) a battle took place between the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Austrian forces under Field Marshal Karl von Urban . After the Austrian associations had been defeated there, Garibaldi's volunteers advanced to Lake Garda . It was there that the decisive battles of Solferino and San Martino took place .

economy

Varese is industrial; In the past, this included leather, textile and metal processing in particular, today in particular the aviation and electrical industries: the most important companies are Alenia Aermacchi (aircraft construction), AgustaWestland (construction of helicopters ), Cagiva (construction of motorcycles) and the former Ignis plants , currently a subsidiary of Whirlpool (electrical household appliances).

Husqvarna , a subsidiary of KTM AG , builds all motorcycles at its location in Varese, as does the Italian motorcycle manufacturer MV Agusta .

traffic

Varese has good rail connections to Milan and is integrated into the Milanese S-Bahn system (line S 5) with frequent traffic. Since January 2018 there has been an additional train connection on the Mendrisio – Varese railway line to Switzerland. There is also a good road connection to the Lombard capital via the A 8 autostrada . From 1895 to 1950, Varese had its own tram network , which in its greatest state of development extended far into the surrounding area.

The Varese-Venegono airfield is located around 10 kilometers south-east, and the small Varese-Calcinate del Pesce airfield just under 5 kilometers west . The international airport of Milan-Malpensa is located around 20 kilometers (as the crow flies) southwest of Varese .

education

Varese has the University of Insubria together with Como .

In Varese there is also a European school for the Joint Research Center of the European Commission located in Ispra .

population

Population development
year 1754 1805 1853 1861 1871 1881 1901 1921 1931 1951 1971 1991 2001 2011 2017 2018
Residents 5743 6049 10676 11954 12605 14161 17666 23097 41889 53115 83239 85687 80511 79793 80634 80544

Attractions

  • The Romanesque baptistery from the 13th century and the Basilica of San Vittore, built around 1600, are worth seeing .
  • Another attraction is the 15th century Castle of Masnago , which has housed the municipal museum of modern art since 1981 : Civico Museo d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea - Castello di Masnago .
  • In the Villa Mirabello from the 18th century is the Archaeological Museum.
  • Also worth seeing is the Villa Menafoglio Litta Panza or Museo Villa e Collezione Panza (an important museum for modern art (including Minimal Art by Dan Flavin or Robert Irwin ), which was donated to the property of the FAI by the collector Giuseppe Graf Panza di Biumo ) and the associated garden.
  • The palace Palazzo d'Este and the Giardini estense , both from the 18th century. The palazzo currently serves as the town hall of the city.
  • But the main attraction is likely to be the Sacro Monte di Varese , which, along with the other Sacri Monti (sacred mountains) of Lombardy and Piemonte, was included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2003. The Sacro Monte di Varese celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2004 and, with its 14 chapels and the pilgrimage site of Santa Maria del Monte, belongs to the Baroque era. The chapels are richly decorated with illusionistic frescoes and colored life-size terracotta figures, which show the story of Mary from the Annunciation to the Assumption.
  • Campo dei Fiori di Varese (1,227 m above sea level) is the local mountain in the north of the city, a natural recreation area and a regional park since 1984. The 5.4 square kilometer park includes Punta Paradiso and Monte Martica, the second elevation. The park is located in Brinzio.
  • Villa Toeplitz: The villa was built in 1901 and is named after the Polish banker Giuseppe Toeplitz, who bought it in 1914. The city of Varese has owned the villa since 1972. Institutes of the University of Insubrien are housed in the villa itself , the extensive park with ponds, fountains, garden pavilions and many rare tree species is open to the public.

photos

  • Historical old city

  • Palazzo Estense

  • Villa Panza

  • Water stairs in the garden of Villa Toeplitz

  • San Massimiliano Kolbe

  • Santa Maria del Monte

  • Campanile of the Basilica San Vittore

  • Piazza Monte Grappa with Torre Civica

Town twinning

Varese has had partnerships since 2003 with the Romanian city ​​of Alba Iulia in Transylvania and since 1957 with the French city ​​of Romans-sur-Isère in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region .

Honorary citizen

On June 6, 2013, the municipal council of Varese decided by a majority of the Northern League and PdL former dictator Benito Mussolini , the honorary citizenship to leave.

Sports

In 2008, as in 1951, the UCI Road World Championship for cyclists took place in Varese . Pallacanestro Varese was the dominant club in European basketball in the 1970s and won the national championship cup five times . He has been back in Serie A since 2009 . The Serie B football club AS Varese 1910 is also based here. The European Rowing Championships 2012 took place on Lake Varese.

sons and daughters of the town

Giulio Bizzozero
Giuseppe Alberigo
Mario Monti
Lilli Carati
Simona Bonafé

literature

  • Silvano Colombo: Profilo dell'architettura religiosa del Seicento. Varese e il suo territorio. Bramante Editrice, Milan 1970; Idem: Tesori d'arte nel territorio della Provincia di Varese. Bramante Editrice, Milan 1971; Idem: Varese: vicende e protagonisti. Edison, Bologna 1977; Idem: In giro per Varese. Editrice Lativa, Varese 1979; Idem: Il Sacro Monte di Varese. Lativa, Varese 1985.
  • Celestino Trezzini : Varese. In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume 7, Ungelt - Villardvolard. , Attinger, Neuenburg 1921, p. 197 ( digitized version ).
  • Marino Viganò: Varese. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . June 22, 2015 .

Web links

Commons : Varese  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • City website
  • Varese (Italian) on tuttitalia.it/lombardia/
  • Varese (Italian) on lombardia.indettaglio.it/ita/comuni/va
  • Varese (Italian) on comuni-italiani.it

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ Parco Regionale del Campo dei Fiori , website lagomaggiore.net
  3. ^ The Campo dei Fiori Regional Park , website vareselandoftourism.com
  4. ↑ Lucia Landoni: Mussolini resta cittadino onorario. La Repubblica , June 7, 2013, accessed June 7, 2013 .
  5. ^ Giovanni Bizzozero at archive.org/stream (accessed December 30, 2016).
  6. ↑ Daniela Vaj: Tullio Dandolo. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 6, 2001 , accessed March 16, 2020 .