Secondary school leaving certificate

Wernher von Braun's secondary school leaving certificate (1930)

The leaving certificate is also graduate certificate or certificate of graduation called (from Latin. Maturitas, maturity ') and is a document of the general university . The graduate of a grammar school upper level is certified with the passing of the final examination and the qualification for a university study is awarded.

meaning

The school-leaving certificate usually lists the performance in the individual school subjects according to grades or a point system. In the individual subjects completed before the twelfth grade or before the final grade, the final grade is taken over. Mostly the subjects of the last four school semesters are listed, as well as the examination results of the selected advanced courses (elective subjects) and the average grade achieved. It is also noted whether the certificate includes proof of the Graecum , Hebraicum or Latinum or whether proof of knowledge of a second foreign language or another language has been provided. Language certificates can supplement the secondary school leaving certificate.

The secondary school leaving certificate entitles you to study at a university . It is evidence (evidence) that the student has certain skills to acquire knowledge that is imparted at universities. From the point of view of the educational reformer Wilhelm von Humboldt , the qualification consisted in acquiring knowledge oneself; University lecturers, on the other hand, should only give instructions for self-study, because “studere” ( Latin ) literally means: make an effort.

International

French Baccalaureate (1971)

Polish secondary school leaving certificate (2008)

Russian high school diploma (1945)

The secondary school leaving certificate or the final examination itself has different names in Europe:

in Albania: matura shtetërore ("State Matura")

in Bosnia and Herzegovina: matura

in Brazil: ENEM

in Bulgaria: Матура (Matura) or държавен зрелостен изпит (darschawen srelosten ispit; "state matriculation examination")

in Denmark: student returns

in Germany: Abitur (certificate), abbreviated Abi

in England / Wales: Advanced Level , A-Level for short

in Finland: Ylioppilastutkinto

in France: Baccalauréat , called Bac

in Israel: Bagrut

in Italy: esame di Stato, formally esame di Stato conclusivo del corso di studio di istruzione secondaria superiore (“State examination for the completion of higher secondary education”), officially until 1998 and since then still colloquially: (esame di) maturità; in South Tyrol: state final examination (Matura)

in Colombia: ICFES Saber 11.

in Croatia: Državna matura ("State Matura")

in Lithuania: Brandos atestatas ("secondary school leaving certificate")

in the Netherlands: Diploma voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs (VWO-diploma; "Diploma of preparatory scientific education")

Matura in Austria (official: school leaving certificate or examination)

in Poland: egzamin maturalny (until 2005: egzamin dojrzałości, "school leaving certificate") or świadectwo dojrzałości ("school leaving certificate"), colloquially Matura

in Romania: Baccalaureat , called Bac

in Russia: Аттестат зрелости (Attestat srelosti, "high school diploma")

in Sweden: student exams

in Switzerland: Matura (French maturité ; Italian maturità )

in Serbia: Matura

in Slovakia: Maturita, Matura (Maturitná skúška)

in Slovenia: matura

in Spain: Bachillerato + Selectividad (consists of a combination of the school leaving exams and the university entrance exams )

in Scotland: Highers

in Ukraine: Атестат про повну загальну середню освіту (Atestat pro zahalnu serednyu osvitu, "Certificate of Complete General Secondary Education")

in Hungary: Érettségi vizsga (school leaving certificate) or Érettségi bizonyítvány (school leaving certificate), or Érettségi for short

in the Czech Republic: Maturita (Maturitní zkouška)

in Turkey: Olgunluk Diploması or Mezuniyet Belgesi

In addition, international schools often award an international school leaving certificate ( Internationales Baccalaureat (IB) ), which is recognized in many countries as proof of qualification for studying at a university. In European schools there is the European Abitur .

In the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) of UNESCO , the school-leaving certificate corresponds to level 3A (upper secondary education).