Beate Uhse

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Beate Uhse (1971)

Beate Rotermund-Uhse , née Beate Dorothea Köstlin (born October 25, 1919 in Wargenau near Cranz , East Prussia ; † July 16, 2001 in St. Gallen , Switzerland ) was a German entrepreneur . The aerobatics - pilot founded in 1962 in Flensburg the first sex shop in the world. The listed Beate Uhse AG was a market participant in the erotic accessories trade. After her became the erotic channelBeate-Uhse.TV namedby Sky .

family

She was the youngest of three children of from Treherz in Württemberg originating farmer Otto Köstlin (1871-1945) and the doctor Margarete Köstlin-Räntsch (1880-1945), who was one of the first doctors in Germany. The parents educated their children at an early age and spoke openly with them about sexuality and the necessary sexual hygiene .

On September 28, 1939, she married her flight instructor Hans-Jürgen Uhse, the brother of the writer Bodo Uhse, as part of a war wedding . Her son Klaus was born in 1943, and in May 1944 her husband was killed in an airplane collision.

In 1949 she married the businessman Ernst-Walter Rotermund († 1989), who brought his son Dirk and daughter Bärbel into the marriage. With Rotermund she had another son, Ulrich. The marriage ended in divorce in 1972.

School and education

About 13-year-old Beate Dorothea Köstlin as a student at the school by the sea on the Pfahljoch route of the Inselbahn in the mudflats south of Juist , around 1932

Beate Köstlin received her schooling in reform-pedagogical rural education centers , initially from September 6, 1932 to March 26, 1934 at the musically, sporty and handicraft-oriented school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , directed by Martin Luserke . There sailing was part of the school sports offer. She drove several times on Luserkes Krake Blazer (ex ZK 14 ) and stayed in contact with him later. After the school closed against the background of anti-Semitism and National Socialist conformity at the end of March 1934, on Luserke's recommendation, she switched to the Odenwald School in Ober-Hambach in southern Hesse , where she passed her school- leaving examination.

At the age of 15, Beate became the Hessian javelin throwing champion . At the age of 16 she went to England for a year to work as an au pair to optimize her English language skills from school. She then returned to her parents' estate in Wargenau near Cranz and, at her mother's request, completed an apprenticeship in housekeeping .

Professional development

Career as a pilot

The 18-year-old student pilot Beate Dorothea Köstlin at the Rangsdorf airfield southeast of Berlin, 1937

On August 7, 1937, she took her first flying lesson with the flight instructor Tobaschefski at the Rangsdorf Aviation School near Berlin in a Heinkel He 72 . According to her own statement, the trigger for her desire to become a pilot was Charles Lindbergh's crossing of the Atlantic in 1927. The first solo flight followed three weeks later. She was retrained by flight instructor Haak on the models Klemm Kl 25 and Focke-Wulf Fw 44 and flew for the first time on the Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann . With a solo overland flight Rangsdorf-Magdeburg-Halle-Leipzig-Rangsdorf on October 11th and 12th, she completed her training and received her A2 pilot's license on her 18th birthday .

From November 1, 1937 to April 30, 1938, she worked as an intern at Bücker Flugzeugbau in Rangsdorf and worked in all areas of the company. During this time she was able to continue training on Gotha Go 145 and Arado Ar 66 up to class B1 and start aerobatic training. Her flight instructor was now Hans-Jürgen Uhse, her future husband. She passed the K1 aerobatic test on August 19, 1938. A month earlier, she had finished second behind Melitta Schiller in the 1st reliability flight for sport pilots among 13 participants with a Klemm Kl 25 . Three weeks later, with a Bücker Bü 131 A , she was first in her class at the air race in Kortrijk / Belgium and third in the overall standings. On May 16, 1939, she passed her K2 aerobatic test. Three months later, on the second reliability flight of the sport pilots, she was third behind Liesel Bach ( Bücker Bü 180 student ) and Luise Harden ( Siebel Si 202 ) on a Bü 180. On August 20, she was sent from the factory with a Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister to Thurö in Denmark to demonstrate the aircraft there.

She was hired as a pilot by the Bücker company and flew in new or repaired aircraft and also transported them, for example often to Hungary . A film company asked Bücker about pilots as doubles who can roll an airplane on the ground and fly it while the actors in the back seat mimic the pilot. The company suggested Beate Uhse, who was small enough to hide in the front seat. In the movie Warning! Enemy hears with! She flew for René Deltgen with a Bücker Bü 180. She also appears in the film D III 88 in a Bü 131 decorated with cockades .

On April 1, 1942, Uhse von Bücker moved to the newly founded aircraft repair plant of Alfred Friedrich in Strausberg . From April 1944 it was used frequently for transfer flights, mostly by Junkers Ju 87s , which came from the Weser production facility in Tempelhof and had to be brought to the air parks . In the Luftwaffe she flew the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 as well as the Ju 87 and Messerschmitt Bf 110 .

During the transfer flights for the German Air Force, Uhse also experienced attacks with fire from Allied fighter planes, which she was always able to escape thanks to her flying skills.

From October 1, 1944, she was taken over with the rank of captain of the Luftwaffe by the transfer wing 1, group center, based in Staaken .

Shortly before the end of the war in April 1945, she received instruction on the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter .

When the Red Army marched in on April 22, 1945, she was able to flee from Gatow with her son, nanny and four other people in a Siebel Fh 104 first to Barth and from there on April 30, 1945 via Travemünde to Leck and finally to Flensburg . In April 1945 Beate Uhse was captured by British troops. After her release from captivity , she and her son settled in Flensburg.

Business career

The former headquarters of Beate Uhse in Flensburg at Gutenbergstrasse 12 in 2004
Beate Uhse branch in Hamburg

Beate Uhse was one of the most influential German women. She is considered to be one of the pioneers to a more open and freer society. Since the occupying powers had banned all flying activities, she could no longer work as a pilot. She got by with black market deals and learned in conversations with other women about their dilemma : on the one hand, their need for sexuality, on the other hand, the wish not to have children because of homelessness and fear of the future. Beate Uhse published a brochure on the Knaus-Ogino contraceptive method. By 1947, typeface X had sold around 32,000 times for 50 pfennigs and provided Beate Uhse with start-up capital in order to expand its "Betu shipping" to larger cities such as Hamburg and Bremen. She was considered the “ mother courage of breaking taboos” and was asked as an advisor on sexuality and eroticism. Soon she was also selling condoms and “marriage books”.

In 1951 she founded the “Beate Uhse mail order company” with four employees, which offered condoms and books on the subject of “marriage hygiene”. Just two years later, the small company had 14 employees. In the early 1960s, the company already had five million customers.

Uhse was a practicing naturist and became a member of the German Association for Naturist Culture in 1960 .

In 1962 she opened her “specialist shop for marriage hygiene” in Flensburg, the world's first sex shop . On the advice of her lawyer, she opened the shop at Christmas , as there was no risk of attacks by indignant citizens at Christmas time and the outrage would have cooled afterwards. In her shop and in the catalog she offered more and more "articles for marital hygiene". In response to reports from the Volkswartbund and other citizens, the police prosecuted the articles that were used "for the unnatural whipping and satisfaction of sexual stimuli, which is contrary to discipline and morality". Over 2000 complaints were filed against their business by 1992. The Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels refused entry to her Stephenson Verlag “because of moral concerns”, and the Flensburg tennis club refused to accept her as a member because of “general concerns”. Then she had her own tennis court built. Due to her commercial success, she was able to buy a Cessna 172 as the first aircraft of her own .

In 1970 Beate Uhse sponsored the Love and Peace Festival on September 6, 1970 on the Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn , where Jimi Hendrix performed one last time.

In 1983 Beate Uhse was diagnosed with stomach cancer, which could be cured.

At the age of 75 she got her diving license .

In 1996 she opened the Beate Uhse Erotic Museum in Berlin . In 1999 Beate Uhse AG went public . The share was 64 times oversubscribed, but at times lost over 99 percent of its value. Because of the depiction of two almost naked women, the actual pieces of the shares are also in demand .

Beate Uhse died on July 16, 2001 in St. Gallen as a result of pneumonia. She was then buried in the Glücksburg cemetery. In her last ruling, she wished that there would be “no usual funeral service, but a folk festival”. In August 2001, thousands of citizens said goodbye to Beate Uhse with country music and meatballs. Your personal estate and the company archive up to 2005 can be viewed at the Research Center for Contemporary History in Hamburg .

Awards and honors

In 1989, Beate Uhse was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon .

In 1998 she was awarded the “Ehrenvenus” of the professional association (International Erotic Award).

In 1999 she was allowed to enter her 80th birthday in the Golden Book of the city of Flensburg.

In 2000 she was awarded the “Hot d'Or d'Honneur” in Cannes as the largest European award .

The parish of St. Marien, to which Beate Uhse belonged from 1946 to 1961, unveiled a plaque of honor. In addition, after her death in the new district of Hochfeld near Flensburg-Tarup, a cul-de-sac was named after her Beate-Rotermund-Straße ( location ). In 2015, consideration was given to naming the Flensburg University of Applied Sciences after the entrepreneur. However, the proposal could not prevail, according to the FH President Holger Watter due to a lack of courage.

reception

  • with Ulrich Pramann: With lust and love. My life. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-550-06429-2 .
  • with Ulrich Pramann: I want freedom for love - Beate Uhse. The autobiography. Ullstein, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-548-60049-2 .
  • Sex sells. The success story of Europe's largest adult entertainment group. Knaur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-426-77599-9 .

Movies

theatre

literature

  • Elizabeth D. Heineman: The Myth of Beate Uhse. Respectability, History and Autobiographical Marketing in the Early Federal Republic. In: Workshop history. 40, 2006 ( online PDF; 4.98 MB).
  • Elizabeth D. Heineman: Before Porn Was Legal: The Erotica Empire of Beate Uhse. Chicago 2011, ISBN 978-0-226-32521-7 .
  • Jürgen Hobrecht: Beate Uhse. Chronicle of a life. Beate Uhse Holding, Flensburg 2003, ISBN 3-00-010643-X .
  • Uta van Steen: pearls of love - Beate Uhse. A German career. European Publishing House, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-434-50548-2 .
  • Sybille Steinbacher : How sex came to Germany. Siedler, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-88680-977-6 .
  • Katrin Rönicke : Beate Uhse. A life against taboos. Residenz Verlag, Salzburg Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7017-3466-5 .

Web links

Commons : Beate Uhse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Freytag: Remembering and telling: the Spanish Civil War in German and Spanish literature and in the visual media . Gunter Narr Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-8233-6168-8 , pp. 360, note 33 ( google.de [accessed June 11, 2017]).
  2. ↑ Famous female pilots: Beate Uhse, successful pilot and entrepreneur. Retrieved April 30, 2021 (Swiss Standard German).
  3. ↑ Markus Würz: Beate Uhse 1919–2001. In: www.hdg.de. Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany, accessed on March 28, 2021 .
  4. ↑ School book of the Schule am Meer , Juist, sheet 221. In: Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesbibliothek Kiel, manuscript department, estate Luserke, Martin, call number Cb 37
  5. ↑ Beate Uhse: With lust and love - My life . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1989. ISBN 3-550-06429-2 , pp. 53-55. - In her autobiography she describes that she “really liked” the school on Juist. The school founder Martin Luserke, her “favorite teacher”, was “generous and witty” as well as “understanding”.
  6. ↑ WORLD: Off for the Odenwald School . In: THE WORLD . April 27, 2015 ( welt.de [accessed April 30, 2021]).
  7. ↑ Beate Uhse: Ten surprising facts on the 10th anniversary of death. Retrieved April 30, 2021 (American English).
  8. ↑ Facebook, Twitter, Show more sharing options, Facebook, Twitter: Beate Uhse; Built Business Empire Selling Erotica in Stores, by Mail. July 21, 2001, Retrieved April 30, 2021 (American English).
  9. ↑ Hans Jürgen Weck with Klemm 35 D, D.-ERDW writes: Uhse, Beate. December 29, 2010, accessed April 30, 2021 .
  10. ^ Jürgen Leskien: Rangsdorf. An airfield turns sixty. In: Fliegerrevue No. 7/1996, Flugverlag Berolina, Berlin, ISSN  0941-889X , pp. 35–38 (interview with Beate Uhse).
  11. ↑ Of flies and birds. In: Moopenheimers Museum. February 14, 2015, accessed April 30, 2021 .
  12. ↑ Reinhard Knoblich: Uhse, Beate. December 29, 2010, accessed August 5, 2020 .
  13. ↑ died: Beate Uhse. In: Spiegel. Rudolf Augstein, July 23, 2001, accessed January 26, 2020 .
  14. ^ Norbert Rohde : Historical military objects of the Oberhavel region. Volume 1: The Heinkel aircraft factory in Oranienburg . Velten, Leegebruch 2006, ISBN 3-9811401-0-9 , p. 78.
  15. ↑ from: Air Venture Did you know ...
  16. ↑ ems: On the 100th birthday: Businesswoman and mother Beate Uhse: Flensburg's unloved stepdaughter | shz.de. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  17. ↑ Beate Uhse: Your fight for lust in the 1950s. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  18. ↑ Julia Voigt: ups and downs of a life: Beate Uhse: “I want freedom for love” | shz.de. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  19. ↑ ho: The world's first sex shop | shz.de. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  20. ↑ On the role of the Volkswartbund see inter alia. Sybille Steinbacher: How sex came to Germany. Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-88680-977-6 , chapters 1 and 3.
  21. ^ NDR: German Woodstock on Fehmarn? Hendrix at Love & Peace. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  22. ↑ October 25, 2009 - 90 years ago: Beate Uhse is born. October 25, 2009, accessed April 30, 2021 .
  23. ↑ When Beate Uhse was still alive ... Accessed April 30, 2021 .
  24. ↑ Beate Uhse Erotic Museum ( Memento from June 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  25. ↑ Anke Kreuels: Beate Uhse: Investors are losing their appetite . In: FAZ.NET . ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 30, 2021]).
  26. ↑ Faded Erotica and Hated Machines: The Weekly Corporate Events. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  27. ↑ Erotica. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  28. ↑ The sex pioneer who died in St.Gallen. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  29. ↑ Julia Voigt: Application for bankruptcy: Beate Uhse: That was the woman behind the erotic company | shz.de. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  30. ^ In honor of Beate Uhse / Public funeral service in Flensburg on August 3rd. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  31. ↑ Funeral service with country music for Beate Uhse, Berliner Morgenpost, August 4, 2001
  32. ↑ Search - fzh. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  33. ↑ RPonline for the 85th birthday. Retrieved February 21, 2016 .
  34. ↑ manager magazine | Business news. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  35. ↑ Berliner Zeitung : Sonnenblumen und Aktien , August 4, 2001, on: berliner-zeitung.de
  36. ^ Foundation German Historical Museum, Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany: Just seen on LeMO: LeMO Biography: Beate Uhse. Retrieved April 30, 2021 .
  37. ↑ FH becomes Hochschule Flensburg: “We lacked the courage for Beate Uhse” , May 11, 2016, on: shz.de
personal data
SURNAME Uhse, Beate
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rotermund-Uhse, Beate (full name); Köstlin, Beate Dorothea (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pilot and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH October 25, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH Was exactly near Cranz , East Prussia
DATE OF DEATH July 16, 2001
PLACE OF DEATH St. Gallen , Switzerland