Bruno Ahrends

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Signature of Bruno Ahrends

Bruno Ahrends (born April 9, 1878 in Berlin ; † July 24, 1948 in Cape Town , South Africa ), born Bruno Arons , was an internationally known German architect , a representative of New Building and Berlin Modernism before the First World War and in of the Weimar Republic (1910s to 1930s). Many of his buildings are now listed , and a number are part of the UNESCO World Heritage .

Life

family

Villa Arons in Wannsee, Bruno Ahrends' childhood home
Landhaus Ahrends in Berlin-Dahlem (1911–1912), his first independent building project
Landhaus Ahrends in Berlin-Zehlendorf (1921–1925)

As the eldest son of the Berlin banker Barthold Arons (* February 12, 1850 - October 3, 1933) and his wife Bertha (called Betty), b. Simon (* 1855; † 1932) he grew up in wealthy circumstances in his parents' villa Arons in the Alsen colony on Wannsee . His younger siblings were Katharine (called Käthe) (* 1879) and Edmund (1883–1965), his uncle was the art patron James Simon . In 1904 he changed his biblical family name against the background of assimilation in Ahrends, possibly at the same time as the conversion from Judaism to Christianity that he and his siblings undertook. In the same year he married Johanna Springer (1882–1970), the granddaughter of the publisher Julius Springer . With her he had a daughter and three sons: Hans Peter Bruno Ahrends (1905-2001), Steffen Ahrends (1907-1992), who also became an architect, Marianne Ahrends (1910-1994) and Gottfried Bruno Ahrends (* 1917).

education

His original wish was to study shipbuilding and work at the Imperial Shipyard in Kiel . Due to his Jewish origins, however, he was not allowed to work for the Imperial Navy. During a stay in Strasbourg , he became enthusiastic about the Strasbourg Cathedral , which aroused his interest in architecture . Ahrends therefore studied architecture at the Technical University in Munich and at the Technical University (Berlin-) Charlottenburg . After completing his studies in 1903, he worked as a government building manager ( trainee lawyer in the public building administration) in Magdeburg and Hanover . During this time he passed the 2nd state examination to become a government master builder ( assessor in the public building administration).

job

However, he then left the public service and settled in Berlin as an independent architect. The first independent project there was the house built by his own family in 1911/12, a country house on the property at Miquelstrasse 66-68 in Berlin-Dahlem , which today serves as the office of the President of the Bundestag . Ahrends also planned the property's spacious garden himself. He sold it in 1917 and in 1921 built a simple country house on a hillside directly on the Großer Wannsee . Erich Boltenstern, among others, met in his architecture office in 1922 . Ahrends later planned and built numerous residential and housing developments in Berlin-Lichtenberg , Berlin-Reinickendorf , Berlin-Wilmersdorf and Berlin-Zehlendorf . His architectural style included both a traditional (for country houses) and a very modern design language for the time. Ahrends was able to continue his independent work as an architect until 1937, when the National Socialists banned him from working as a Jew on the basis of the “ Nuremberg Laws ” . In 1938 he first fled to Italy. From Rome he came to Great Britain in 1939 , where his daughter was staying. He lived there without employment in poor conditions. After the outbreak of war, he was interned by the British for more than a year as an enemy alien in the Hutchinson Internment Camp on the Isle of Man . After the Second World War he was able to emigrate to Cape Town to live with his sons in 1948, where he died immediately after his arrival.

buildings

In addition to country houses and villas, he also designed a number of blocks of flats and settlements under municipal ownership. In the early 1920s, for example, the small house settlement in Johannisthal and the row houses Falkenried 12/14 and Hohe Ähren 1/3 were built. The large Schillerpromenade estate in Berlin-Reinickendorf , known as the White City , in whose urban planning he was involved alongside other architects, is now part of the world cultural heritage. The two country houses that Ahrends built for himself and his family in Berlin are also prominent (Miquelstraße 66 and Am Großen Wannsee 6).

His designs were always based on the needs of the builders and future residents, whereby one can see a development of his formal language between 1911 and the 1930s: Initially still characterized by expressionism , he continued to reduce his buildings , dispensing with any ornamentation . He finally decided on a flat roof and a cube , lined up several cubes or staggered them one behind the other. The flat roofs ("cigar box fashion"), however, as a contrast to the country houses in the early 1920s, were the cause of outrage among residents and the subject of discussions of the Hoge City Council from the district office , which Ahrends advised as a member of an expert committee with his colleagues Fritz Crzellitzer and Paul Mebes . Ahrends defended this architectural aesthetic aggressively and should therefore be urged to resign as an expert. However, he found support from the Lord Mayor of Berlin, Gustav Boess, and the Central Advisory Board.

“ I also feel the multiple defacements of our cities by bad buildings in the most painful way, but I do not blame the roof shape for a bad house, but the plan author and advocate that one does not think of good and bad roof shapes, but only of good and bad Architects can speak. "

- Bruno Ahrends
Chauffeur house with double garage at Miquelstrasse 72 in Berlin-Dahlem, built in 1921/22, as an extension to the Landhaus Miquelstrasse 66/68 for the banker Gustaf Ratjen
Gotthardstrasse / Aroser Allee in the White City in Berlin-Reinickendorf
Draft for the theater hall of the Schule am Meer on Juist, signed 1929
Colored sketch of the school in Juist , 1929
Theater hall of the school by the sea on Juist
  • 1911–1912: Ahrends' own house at Miquelstrasse 66–68 in Berlin-Dahlem ; from the mid-1990s onwards the President of the Bundestag's office ; Johannes Rau lived there with his family during his tenure as Federal President from 1999 to 2004, after the actual host, Wolfgang Thierse , President of the Bundestag between 1998 and 2005, did not use the villa
  • 1912–1933 (with Heinrich Schweitzer ): Group of houses and settlement Im Gehege 2–5 (complete), Am Hirschsprung 3–25 (odd house numbers), Falkenried 2–20 (even house numbers), Hohe Ähren 1–9 (odd house numbers) in Berlin-Dahlem
  • 1914: Garden of the Landhaus Ahrends, Miquelstrasse 66/68 in Berlin-Dahlem
  • 1919–1927: Breiter Weg small house settlement on the Breiten Fenn in Berlin-Johannisthal
  • 1920: Adelheidallee 13 residential building in Berlin-Tegel
  • 1920: Semi-detached housing estate for state and municipal officials opposite the trotting track in Berlin-Mariendorf
  • 1920–1922: Kriegerheimstättensiedlung in Berlin-Lübars
  • 1921–1925: Ahrends' own country house on the property of Villa Arons in Berlin-Wannsee, which encompasses today's addresses at Am Großen Wannsee 5, 6 and 6A
  • 1924–1925: House at Forststrasse 41 in Berlin-Zehlendorf
  • 1924–1928: Housing complex Forststraße 18–23 (complete), 32–34 (complete), Björnsonstraße 22, 25–29 (complete), Brentanostraße 23, Buggestraße 14–21 (complete), Opitzstraße 1–5 (complete) in Berlin -Steglitz
  • 1925: Frieda-Köpcke-Haus, monastery house of the Sidonie Scharfe Foundation, in Berlin-Zehlendorf
  • 1925–1930: Rupprecht blocks , residential complex Archibaldweg 28–40 (even house numbers), Giselastraße 27–31 (complete), Münsterlandstraße 2–12 (even house numbers), Rupprechtstraße 12–19 (complete) in Berlin-Rummelsburg
  • 1926–1927: Parish and community center at Schuchardtweg 5 in Berlin-Wannsee
  • 1926–1927: Apartment block group Scharfestrasse 12–18 (straight), Pasewaldtstrasse 10 in Berlin-Zehlendorf
  • 1927–1928: House Wachtelstrasse 4 in Berlin-Wannsee, built as an office building for the commission for the division of the Dahlem domain, inhabited from 1928 by Ahrends' friend Hans Krüger , President of the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, between 1959 and 1969 from Federal President Heinrich Lübke
  • 1927–1928: House at Kyllmannstrasse 4 in Berlin-Wannsee
  • 1927–1929: Cunostraße 69–70 apartment block, Landecker Straße 4, Kranzer Straße 5 in Berlin-Schmargendorf
  • 1928: House of the office of the Dahlem domain in Berlin
  • 1929: Residential buildings for the Primus home building company on what was then Christianiastraße (today Osloer Straße 21 to 22), as well as the adjoining Deutsche Reichspost building in Berlin-Wedding
  • 1929–1931: White City , Aroser Allee 121–140, Emmentaler Strasse 3–37, 41–49 (odd house numbers), Gotthardstrasse 4–8 (even house numbers), Romanshorner Weg 54–58, 82 (even house numbers), 60– 80 (complete), Schillerring 1–11 (complete), 13–23, 29 (odd house numbers) in Berlin-Reinickendorf (part of the overall complex, other components by Otto Rudolf Salvisberg and Wilhelm Büning , garden architect : Ludwig Lesser ); Since July 2008 as one of six Berlin Modernism Housing Estates in the list of UNESCO World Heritage
  • 1930: Landhaus Wolf in Schlüchtern (under monument protection, restored until 2009)
  • 1930: Garage and workshop, Wiener Strasse 13 in Berlin-Kreuzberg
  • 1930–1931: Theater hall of the Schule am Meer for the reform pedagogical school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist (at that time the only theater hall of a school in Germany; it was intended to train amateur play teachers in Germany .)
  • 1934: House at Edelhofdamm 45 in Berlin-Lübars

Fonts

  • The kitchen of the small and medium-sized apartment. Beuth-Verlag / Triasdruck, Berlin 1928.

Honor

  • On the corner of Aroser Allee / Emmentaler Strasse in Berlin-Reinickendorf, a memorial plaque that was only temporarily installed in 2013 commemorated Bruno Ahrends.

literature

  • Norbert Huse (Ed.): Settlements of the twenties today. Four large Berlin housing estates 1924-1984. Publica, Berlin 1984, ISBN 978-3-89087-012-0 .
  • Architecture workshop Helge Pitz - Winfried Brenne (ed.): "Weisse Stadt" in Reinickendorf. Berlin, 1981. (Documentation of the 50-year history, development of the original condition as well as the basis for future measures of this listed estate from the years 1929/31.)
  • Harry Balkow-Gölitzer , Bettina Biedermann, Rüdiger Reitmeier: A noble address. Celebrities in Berlin-Dahlem and their stories. Bebra, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3814801360 .

Web links

Commons : Bruno Ahrends  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Villa Arons - Bruno Ahrends ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at: ghwk.de, accessed on May 15, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ghwk.de
  2. ↑ Ahrends, Steffen , on: artefacts.co.za, accessed on May 15, 2016
  3. ^ Work by Bruno Ahrends at the Architekturmuseum der Technische Universität Berlin , accessed on May 15, 2016
  4. ↑ Garden of the Landhaus Ahrends , on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  5. ^ Günter Schlusche: Jewish architects shaped Berlin's architecture . In: Berliner Morgenpost, August 29, 2009, at: morgenpost.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  6. ↑ Sebastian Borger: When Berlin evokes a feeling of anger . In: Berliner Zeitung, November 12, 2016. From: berliner-zeitung.de, accessed on April 17, 2017
  7. ↑ Ahrends, Bruno , on: juedische-architekten.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  8. ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Settlements , on: ticket-b.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  9. ↑ A masterpiece of human creativity , on: flanieren-in-berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  10. ↑ District Office Steglitz-Zehlendorf of Berlin: Monument of the month: Landhaus in 6 months: Wachtelstraße 4, Dahlem district (PDF file; 8.3 MB), on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  11. ↑ Garage & Chauffeurshaus Miquelstrasse 72 , on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  12. ↑ White City ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
  13. ↑ Stubbornly normal . In: Der Spiegel, September 13, 1999, from: spiegel.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  14. ↑ President of the Bundestag without a villa - The house for Norbert Lammert is only finished in 2006 / Problematic apartment exchange in Dahlem . In: Berliner Zeitung, October 29, 2005, at: berliner-zeitung.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  15. ↑ Everyone can choose their own villa . In: Der Tagesspiegel, February 27, 2012, at: tagesspiegel.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  16. ^ Residential house Miquelstrasse 66 & 68 , on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  17. ↑ Tempelhof District Office of Berlin City Planning Office and Surveying Office: Tempelhof: Buildings, Streets, Places as Witnesses to History , pp. 29, 42. (PDF file; 15.5 MB), on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  18. ↑ Villa Arons - Bruno Ahrends ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at: ghwk.de, accessed on May 15, 2016  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ghwk.de
  19. ↑ Bruno Ahrends' country house is Monument of the Month for August . In: Berliner Woche , August 9, 2018, on: berliner-woche.de
  20. ↑ Villa Arons - Bruno Ahrends ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at: ghwk.de, accessed on May 15, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ghwk.de
  21. ↑ District Office Steglitz-Zehlendorf of Berlin: Monument of the month: Landhaus in 6 months: Wachtelstraße 4, Dahlem district (PDF file; 8.3 MB), on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  22. ↑ Preservation of monuments and cultural history , year 2010, issue 1, p. 25 f.
  23. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment of Berlin: Monuments by Bruno Ahrends , on: berlin.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
  24. ↑ Christian Schindler: Memorial plaque for architects of the White City . In: Berliner Woche, July 4, 2013, at: berliner-woche.de, accessed on May 15, 2016
personal data
SURNAME Ahrends, Bruno
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arons, Bruno (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH April 9, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1948
Place of death Cape Town