Wilhelm Büning

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the German theologian of the same name, see Wilhelm Büning (Theologe) .

Wilhelm Büning (born April 4, 1881 in Borken , Westphalia , † August 2, 1958 in Berlin ) was a German architect and university professor .

Life

As the sixth of eight children in a family of textile manufacturers, Büning attended the secondary school in Osnabrück (today Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Gymnasium). After graduating from high school, he studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich , the TH Charlottenburg and the TH Dresden . In Dresden, Cornelius Gurlitt , Fritz Schumacher and Hugo Hartung promoted his interest in the development of architectural forms based on craftsmanship. He completed his studies in 1906 with the diploma examination. As an assistant at the Dresden University, he attended Wilhelm Georg Ritter's drawing and painting course . There he met his future wife, the porcelain painter Marie Piltz , daughter of the painter Otto Piltz . In 1909 he settled in Berlin as an architect.

Teaching and Research

In 1914 he became an assistant at the teaching institute of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin , and in 1925 professor at the United State Schools for Free and Applied Arts in Berlin. In addition, he held a teaching position at the TH Berlin from 1921 to 1945.

In June 1945 he and Max Taut began to rebuild the architecture department at the University of Fine Arts (HfbK) headed by Karl Hofer . The architecture course has been restructured. Büning was particularly committed to ensuring that talented students could study there without a high school diploma. Until his retirement in 1952 he taught architectural design , building construction and hygiene in the building industry .

In 1928 the first edition of the structural anatomy written for his students appeared . From the knowledge that the various trades are to be carried out by the architect, the architect's line of thought was followed in the “building anatomy”, who viewed the components as a synthesis of the various work performances. After the war damage, this work was reissued as the "New Building Anatomy", adapted to the changed conditions.

In research , his main interest was investigations into daylight in building construction , this work led, under his direction, to DIN 5034 guidelines for daylighting in 1957 .

As early as the 4th semester of his studies, he tested his architectural knowledge by planning and building smaller and larger houses in his Westphalian homeland. The focus of his building work was in the 1920s. Many of his buildings are now listed. For him, architecture emerged from the combination of material , craftsmanship and aesthetics with the aim of building in a humane manner.

buildings

Bieler Str. In the White City

• 1903–1905: Villa in Borken
• 1907–1910: Industrial buildings , houses for masters and workers in Westphalia
• 1913: Villa Im Dol 27/29 in Berlin-Dahlem
• 1920: Participation in the planning and execution of the Eichkamp estate
• 1925: Estate in Phöben near Werder (Havel)
• 1926: Tile-Bruges-Weg settlement in Berlin-Tegel
• 1927: House in Osnabrück
• 1928–1929: Summer house for Grete Ring in Sacrow (Potsdam)
• 1929–1931: White City in Berlin-Reinickendorf
• 1935–1936: Town hall in Hohen Neuendorf
• 1938–1939: Lilienthalstrasse cemetery in Berlin-Neukölln
• 1947–1948: Students in Berlin-Eichkamp supported the founding and construction of the international student residence
• 1954: Long gallery in the HfbK

Prices

• 1930: 1st prize in the international competition for the Västerbron over the Mälaren , with Otto Rudolf Salvisberg and civil engineer Wilhelm Maelzer

Publications

• Bauanatomie , Berlin 1928, graphics by Walter Klinkert .
• Daylight in building construction , Berlin 1935.
• Neue Bauanatomie , Berlin 1947, graphics by Ernst Böhm .
• Adequate daylight in residential buildings , Stuttgart 1953.

literature

• Norbert Huse (Hrsg.): Settlements of the twenties - today. Four large Berlin housing estates 1924–1984. Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-89087-012-0 .
• Architecture workshop Helge Pitz - Winfried Brenne: "White City" in Reinickendorf. Documentation of the 50-year history, development of the original condition as well as the basis for future measures of this listed settlement from the years 1929/31. Berlin 1981.
• Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin and Landesbildstelle Berlin (eds.) With Jan T. Köhler, Jan Maruhn and Nina Senger: Berlin lifeworlds of the twenties. Images of a lost culture. Photographed by Marta Huth. Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-8218-0643-5 .
• Jürgen Strauss (ed.); Jan Thomas Köhler, Jan Maruhn: Sacrow - From the Brandenburg village to the place of modernity. Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-89479-211-6 .

Web links

• Wilhelm Büning. In: arch INFORM .
• Wilhelm Büning (with picture)
• Buildings by Büning in the Berlin monument list
• The White City in Berlin's list of monuments
• Wiesengut in Phöben
• Foundation history of the international dormitory in Eichkamp

Remarks

1. ^ Garden design by Karl Foerster or Heinrich Wiepking-Jürgensmann
2. ^ Hermann Schmitz: House Phöben in Osthavelland. Built by the architect Professor Wilhelm Büning in Berlin . In: Decorative art, illustrated magazine for applied arts, vol. 33 = vol. 28, 1924/25, pp. 297–304 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Grete Ring was a co-owner of the Paul Cassirer gallery and art dealer in Berlin
4. ↑ The other components of the estate come from Otto Rudolf Salvisberg and Bruno Ahrends , the garden design from Ludwig Lesser . Büning's part also includes the district heating plant and laundry of the settlement. His extensive calculations of the settlement's heat requirements lead to the construction company's groundbreaking decision at the time to set up a central heating supply for the settlement. Unfortunately, these central facilities are demolished in the 1960s. In July 2008, the “ White City ” was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as one of the 6 Berlin Modernist settlements .
5. ^ Ceiling design of the entrance hall by Charles Crodel