Phoebas

Phoebas City of Werder (Havel)
Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 36 ″  N , 12 ° 52 ′ 56 ″  E
Height :	37 m
Residents :	719  (December 31, 2008)
Incorporation :	December 31, 2001
Postal code :	14542
Area code :	03327
The Havel near Phöben

Phöben is a district of the city of Werder (Havel) ( district of Potsdam-Mittelmark , Brandenburg ). Until it was incorporated into the city of Werder on December 31, 2001, Phöben was an independent municipality.

Geographical location

Phöben is located in the north-western part of the urban area of ​​Werder (Havel) on the northern slope of the 84 m high Wachtelberg directly on the Havel. It borders in the north on Schmergow (district of the community Groß Kreutz ) and Töplitz (district of the city Werder (Havel)), in the east on Töplitz, in the south on Kemnitz , and in the west on Krielow and Schmergow (districts of the community Groß Cross). The L 90 runs through the town and leads in the south over the eastern part of the Kemnitz district (but past the town center) to Werder (Havel). In the north is the next place Schmergow. The Phöben motorway exit of the A 10 west of Berlin is located south of the town on the Kemnitz district .

history

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1305 in connection with a ford over the border ditch to the district of Schmergow ( ad fossatum in vado, quod vocatur Vebene ). Who owned the village at that time remains unclear. In 1324 the Benedictine convent Spandau had individual pieces of land in the village. By 1343, however, the Lehnin monastery had obtained the upper feudal rule over the village, which was still owned by Hans and Cuno Weddering until 1364. The village then became the direct property of the monastery.

The settlement form of the place is characterized as a street village with a line bending at right angles . The name Phöben is interpreted as a transferred name by Fischer (name book Zauche), by Febvin-Palfart , Canton Fauquembergues , Arrondissement Saint-Omer (France). In the 12th century, Febvin-Palfart was still on the Flemish-French language border. In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the Brandenburg town was (almost) always written with an e, the ö was only used late with the official name form. The field name Alten Phöben , mentioned in 1541 , to the northwest of today's town center, could indicate that today's location may not have been the original location of the settlement. There was hard gray goods of the 13./14. Century and a Yavian shard found. About 2 km north-north-west of the center of Phöben is the so-called "Räuberberg", a Slavic castle wall on a small peninsula that protrudes into the Havel. The castle was protected by two section walls on the land side. A castle was built on it in early German times. However, it is no longer mentioned in the land register of 1375, so it has already been given up.

Population growth from 1772 to 2008

year	Residents
1772	217
1801	267
1817	240
1837	306
1858	349
1871	422
1885	441
1895	451
1905	447
1925	550
1939	594
1946	866
1964	670
1971	625
1981	579
1991	522
2000	620
2008	719

A jug in Weben is mentioned as early as 1339, which had to pay 35 shillings annually to the Benedictine convent Spandau. The village is mentioned in the land book of Charles IV in 1375 ( Pheben ), but not described in detail. However, some income from the lower weir near Phöben (also implies the existence of an upper weir), from fishing with nets and from catching eel ( alrepe ) in the Havel near Phöben is mentioned. The weir (used for fishing) brought in 31 shillings (less than a penny), net fishing three talents and three shillings (less than three oboli ) and eel catching 16½ shillings and a ½ pound of pepper.

“Monachorum in Lenyn ... item in inferiori obstaculo prope Pheben 31 solidos minus denario, item ibidem in aquis, que trahuntur cum retibus, 3 talenta et 3 solidos 3 obulis minus; item ibidem in piscatura, que dicitur alrepe, 16½ solidos et ½ libram piperis; ... "

- Schulze, Landbuch, pp. 216, 218

According to the lap register of 1450, the village had 24 hooves , of which the pastor has two free hooves. The taxable hooves had to pay rent and garden interest annually. There was a pitcher and four weirs. In 1538 there were still 16 Hufen, and there were also eleven Kossäts living in the village. Because of the great distance to the Lehnin monastery, farmers and kossas did not have to perform any duties, but paid a service fee. In 1541, during the church visitation, about 64 communicants were counted. In 1602 three farmers, 14 cottagers and three householders lived in Phoebes. In 1605 the Schulzengut is mentioned; it had 6 hooves and one hereditary hoof. The three farmers each had five hooves under the plow. 1620 was the Schulzengut freigewilliget , d. H. exempt from all taxes, the hooves were leased to the kossa of the village. In 1624 it is reported that nine of the 14 cottages were fishermen who maintained two weirs. A shepherd also lived in the village. The Thirty Years War hit the place hard. In 1652 there were still eight cottagers living in the village. In 1662 only one farm was managed again. In 1687 two farms and the Schulzengut were still desolate. Of the original 14 cottages, two were still desolate. All the kossa farms a middle hoof and fished; a tailor, two houseguests, a tavern mugger and a cowherd with his servant are also mentioned. By 1729 another farm had been taken back into cultivation. There were twelve cottagers living in the village. The Schulzengut with six feudal and one legacy hooves had meanwhile been given to the v. Family. Britzke has been sold on Kemnitz. It has now become a manor. A farm was still desolate in 1729. In the meantime, a linen weaver had joined the Kossati, but one position was still vacant. In 1772 there were only two farmers (still) in addition to the manor, but now 18 kossas. In 1801 lived in Phöben, the Lehnschulze, two whole farmers, twelve Büdner, 14 residents, 13 fishermen and one Kruger, there were a total of 55 households and 267 residents. In 1837 there were 38 houses. In 1858 there was also a brick factory and a wind grain mill located separately from the old village center. The brickworks worked until 1914. In 1900 the place had grown to 78 houses, in 1931 to 93 houses with 125 households. Around 1910 parts of the manor were parceled out and sold to fruit growers. After the Second World War, in the land reform of 1946, Phöben received an allowance of 277.2 hectares from the municipality of Kemnitz and 39.7 hectares from the municipality of Schmergow. Of this, 172.1 hectares were allocated to 74 fruit growers, 38.9 hectares to 10 farmers, 11.7 hectares to 3 new farmers and 17.6 hectares to 13 non-agricultural workers. 75.5 hectares of forest came under community ownership. In 1955 the first LPG type III was founded with 11 members and 160 hectares of agricultural land. In 1958 a GPG with three members was founded. In 1960 LPG Type III already had 55 members and 464 hectares of usable area. In 1967 the merger with LPG Type III Kemnitz to LPG Type III Kemnitz-Phöben took place. This was initially based in Kemnitz, then in 1973 in Phöben. In 1961 the GPG already had 18 members and 52 hectares of usable space. It later became part of the LPG (P) greenhouse business in Werder.

Political history

The village probably belonged to the Lehnin monastery since the beginning of the 14th century, certainly since 1364. With the secularization of the monastery in 1542, the monastery property was converted into a lordly office, the Amt Lehnin . This was dissolved in 1818/9, the tasks and income were now taken over by the Potsdam office, which was dissolved in 1872. In the land register of 1375, the village is counted as part of the historical landscape of the Zauche . In the 19th century, initially the Zauche horse training, later the Zauchische Kreis formed. In 1816 the new Zauch-Belzigsche Kreis or District Zauch-Belzig was created from the Zauchischer Kreis and the former Electoral Saxon Office of Belzig , which existed until it was dissolved in the district reform of 1952. Then Phöben came to the Potsdam-Land district in the Potsdam district of the GDR . After the fall of the Wall, the districts of the GDR were initially dissolved and the states re-established; the Potsdam district formed the core of the state of Brandenburg. In 1992 Phöben merged with seven other municipalities to form the Werder office . In 1993 the districts of Belzig, Potsdam-Land and Brandenburg-Land were merged to form the new Potsdam-Mittelmark district. On December 31, 2001 Phöben was incorporated into the city of Werder (Havel) together with Glindow and Kemnitz. Since then it has been part of the city of Werder (Havel).

Church conditions

Phöben was originally the mother church, as the two parish hooves show. In 1541 the rectory burned down. In 1672 (until 1832) Kemnitz became a daughter church of Alt-Töplitz, from 1832 of Schmergow . Since 2004 Phöben has belonged again to the Protestant parish Alt-Töplitz or to the parish Töplitz.

The church from 1756

Village school

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg Lkr.Potsdam-Mittelmark lists three architectural monuments and twelve ground monuments for Phöben.

Architectural monuments

• Village church . The church is a plastered rectangular hall building from 1758, which was expanded around 1860 to include an apse and a retracted west tower. The windows and the plaster structure have also been changed. In the interior, the ceiling is en voute. The polygonal pulpit probably dates from 1856, the short horseshoe gallery on Tuscan columns, however, from the construction period. The church was extensively renovated in 2003-5.
• Wiesengut Phöben. The property, consisting of a residential building, kitchen wing, boathouse, garage with pigeon house, inspector's house, stable building, gatehouse, storage building and garden with enclosure, was built in 1925 for the Dutch composer Bouke Annes Visser based on a design by the architect Wilhelm Büning (Berlin) . Some farm buildings are still in use, the greater part of the buildings are in the process of decay.
• Village school, Hauptstrasse 12. The village school at the western exit of the village, a single-storey red exposed brick building, was built in 1856/7.
• Smithy, Hauptstrasse 13. The forge at the western end of the village was built in 1909. It is a sand-lime brick building with a simple frame and a central entrance gate with a stepped gable flanked by two large windows.

Soil monuments

The soil monuments and finds in the Phöben district extend from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages and early modern times. The unusual accumulation of sites shows that the area around Phöben has been a popular settlement site since the Stone Age. The remains of the settlement are limited to the edges of the lowland towards the Havel, but also to the west to the former Krielower See (or Krielower Luch) or to the peat ditch and the border ditch. The large sand island of the Phöben Mountains south of the village with Wachtelberg (83.7 m) and Haakberg (87.9 m) remained uninhabited.

• No. 30755 Corridor 2 / Neu Töplitz, Corridor 7 / Phöben: a production facility from the Middle Ages
• No. 30426 Corridors 5 and 7: a settlement from the Neolithic, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages, hoard find from the Bronze Age, individual finds from the Modern Age, village center from the German Middle Ages
• No. 30601 Corridors 1 and 7: a castle wall from the Slavic and German Middle Ages (so-called Räuberberg )
• No. 30746 Corridors 4 and 5: a settlement from the Roman Empire, a settlement from the German Middle Ages, a settlement from the Neolithic, a settlement from the Bronze Age, a settlement from the Iron Age, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages
• No. 30747 Hallway 4: an Iron Age burial ground, an Iron Age settlement
• No. 30748 Corridor 3: a Neolithic settlement
• No. 30749 Corridors 6 and 7: a settlement from the Roman Empire, a cemetery from the Bronze Age, a settlement from the Iron Age, a settlement from the German Middle Ages, a cemetery from the Iron Age, a settlement from the Neolithic and a settlement from the Bronze Age
• No. 30751 Hall 6: a burial ground from the Bronze Age, a burial ground from the Iron Age
• No. 30752 Corridors 4 and 5: a burial ground from the Bronze Age, a burial ground from the Migration Period, a burial ground from the Slavic Middle Ages, a burial ground from the Roman Empire, a burial ground from the Iron Age, a burial ground from the Neolithic
• No. 30753 Hallway 4: a burial ground from the Bronze Age, a burial ground from the Iron Age
• No. 30760 Corridor 5: a settlement from the Roman Empire, a settlement from the Iron Age
• No. 30759 Corridors 2 and 3 / Phöben, Corridor 5 / Schmergow: a settlement from the Roman Empire, a settlement from the Iron Age

economy

Until the 20th century, Phöben's economy was limited to agriculture, fishing in the Havel, a wind grain mill and a brickworks that had settled north of the village ( Wiesengrund ). There was a sand pit at the western end of the village. Fruit growing began in Phöben around 1910. In 1950 fruit was grown on 106 hectares. By 1982 the fruit growing area was expanded to 273 hectares.

After reunification, the village focused more on tourism and leisure activities. Between 1994 and 1996, a golf course with a 27-hole course was laid out in the neighboring Kemnitz district, which extends to the Phöben district in the north-western part.

The plans for a polo and riding facility go back to 1994. But it wasn't until 1998/99 that polo fields were created and in 2000 they were played for the first time. At that time the construction of a stable for 130 horses and a riding hall began.

Another riding stable has settled on the premises of the agricultural cooperative (in the direction of Schmergow).

Signposted cycle paths lead through the village. There is a natural swimming area in Seestrasse.

Krielower See nature reserve

The westernmost part of the Phöben district, which used to be occupied by the now almost silted up Krielower See (or earlier also Krielower Luch), belongs to the 155 hectare Krielower See nature reserve , which was established in 2004.

supporting documents

literature

• Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, p. 96.
• Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part V Zauch-Belzig. Böhlau, Weimar 1977, pp. 321-322.
• Marie-Luise Buchinger and Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany Monuments in Brandenburg District Potsdam Mittelmark Bd.14.1 Nördliche Zauche. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 436-442.
• Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 218.
• Joachim Herrmann and Richard Hoffmann: New research on the Slavic and early German castle wall "Räuberberg" near Phöben, Kr. Potsdam-Land. Excavations and finds, 4, Berlin 1959, pp. 294–306.
• Richard Hoffmann: From Phöben's past. Potsdamer Land, Potsdam 1960, pp. 57-63.
• Phöben, Potsdam district. In: Havelland around Werder, Lehnin and Ketzin (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 53). 1st edition. Self-published by the Institut für Länderkunde, Leipzig 1992, ISBN 3-86082-014-1 , pp. 82–83.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Werder (Havel) from March 9, 2009 PDF
2. ↑ to 1971 from the historical local dictionary
3. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 November 19, Potsdam-Mittelmark district PDF
4. ↑ Formation of the offices of Nordwestuckermark, Kremmen, Spreenhagen, Oder-Welse, Prenzlau-Land, Am Senftenberger See, Schipkau and Werder. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of July 20, 1992. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 3, Number 58, August 12, 1992, pp. 1015–7.
5. ^ Incorporation of the communities Glindow, Kemnitz and Phöben into the city of Werder (Havel). Communication from the Ministry of the Interior of December 14, 2001. Official Journal for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, 2001, Number 52, Potsdam, December 27, 2001, p. 901 PDF
6. ↑ Parish Töplitz
7. ↑ monument list of Brandenburg Potsdam-Mittelmark as of 30.12.2009 ( Memento of 17 December 2015, Internet Archive ) (PDF, 348 kB)
8. ↑ BRAVORS - Ordinance on the nature reserve "Krielower See" of August 31, 2004 (GVBl.II / 04, No. 29, p. 763)

annotation

1. ↑ One talent = 20 schillings, i.e. three talents = 60 schillings Schulze, Landbuch, p. 462
2. ↑ A pound of pepper was worth about 7½ groschen, a groschen = 8 pfennigs, so ½ pound pepper = 30 pfennigs; see. a bushel of rye or barley cost 10 pfennigs Schulze, Landbuch, p. 462

Web links

Commons : Phöben  - Collection of Images

• Phöben on the website of the city of Werder (Havel)