Alt Töplitz

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Alt Töplitz
Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 54 ″  N , 12 ° 54 ′ 26 ″  E
Height : 40 m
Incorporation : March 14, 1974
Incorporated into: Töplitz
Postal code : 14542
Area code : 033202
Village church in Alt Töplitz

Alt Töplitz is a residential area in Töplitz , a district of the city of Werder (Havel) in the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark ( Brandenburg ). Until the merger with Neu Töplitz and Leest in 1974 to form the municipality of Töplitz, Alt Töplitz was an independent municipality. It emerged from the medieval village of Töplitz. In 1685/96, Swiss families were settled near a suburb of the Lehnin monastery north of the town center, from which the community of Neu Töplitz was formed in the 18th century. By 1775 at the latest, the name Neu Töplitz prevailed for the new settlement, while the original settlement was called Alt Töplitz.

Geographical location

Alt Töplitz is located in the southern part of the island of Töplitz , around 6.5 km as the crow flies northwest of the core town of Werder (Havel). About 1.2 km north is Neu Töplitz, 2.3 km east is Leest.

history

The village was mentioned for the first time in 1313, albeit only indirectly, when the pastor Wromold von Töplitz appeared as a witness during a transfer of goods from Johann von Bredow to the Kaland in Spandau . 1318 the Margrave of Brandenburg sold Waldemar the Werder Töplitz (= island Töplitz ) with all accessories to the monastery Lehnin. The village of Töplitz (and Leest) was apparently excluded from this, because in 1321 Duke Rudolph of Saxony sold his rights as overlord of Töplitz for 10 marks to the Lehnin monastery. His fiefdom was Henning v. Groben, who owned the village from a knight Arnold v. Sack had bought. In 1324 the brothers Henning and Nikolaus v. Gröben on all rights to (old) Töplitz. According to Reinhard E. Fischer , the name can be interpreted in two ways, neither of which can be given preference. On the one hand, a derivation of a basic Polabian form * Topelec or * Topelica would be possible, which could be translated as an abyss, deep place in the water. On the other hand, a Polabian basic form * Topolica , * Topolec = poplar would be possible.

“Toplitz sunt 20 mansi, quorum plebanus habet 2, prefectus 2. Ad pactum quilibet mansus 9 modios siliginis et 3 ordei, non avene; ad censum 2 solidos; precariam non solvit. Cossati 9, quilibet solvit 6 denarios et 1 pullum. Taberna solvit 30 shillings. Monachi in Lenyn have totum cum omni iure tempore from antiquo .. "

- Schulze, Landbuch, p. 163

"Monachorum in Lenyn ... item in obstaculo prope Topelitz 10 solidos, de quibus rustici dant exactionem. ... "

- Schulze, Landbuch, pp. 216, 218
Population development from 1772 to 1971
year Residents
1772 132
1801 169
1817 158
1837 240
1858 280
1871 365
1885 503
1895 635
1905 709
1925 791
1939 869
1946 1165
1964 972
1971 919

Until 1375 the place is listed under the possessions of the monastery in Havelland. According to Charles IV's land register of 1375, the village had 20 hooves , of which the pastor and Schulze each had two hooves that were exempt from taxes. There were nine cottagers in the village ; there was also a jug. Each taxable hoof leased nine bushels of rye and three bushels of barley annually . The hoof rate was two shillings a year. In contrast to most other villages, the farmers did not have to pay any wages . Every Kossate had to pay a hen and six pfennigs to the Lehnin monastery a year. The Kruger had to raise an annual fee of 30 shillings. There was also a weir in the Havel near Töplitz (for fishing), for which the farmers had to pay ten shillings a year. The fishing rights in the Havel belonged to the Lehnin monastery. In 1451 there were four weirs. In the meantime there was also a mill in town. Bees were kept in a Worterland ; the monastery charged eight pounds as an annual fee for use. In 1538 15 hoof farmers, three farmers, a blacksmith and a miller lived in Töplitz. During the church visit of 1541, 200 communicants were found (most likely including the goddess and Leest, who belonged to the church district Töplitz). In 1603 only five farmers and six kossas lived in Töplitz. The Schulze had two leaning and two hereditary hooves, one farmer had five hooves, three farmers had three hooves each in cultivation. A blacksmith was no longer in the village, but a miller is still recorded in 1605. In 1624 there were five farmers, six kossäts (including the miller), a tenant shepherd, a shepherd, shepherd servants and two pairs of householders in Töplitz. The Thirty Years War had affected the village less severely than many other places in the immediate vicinity. In 1652 a farm and a farmhouse were not occupied. In 1662 the five farms were again in management, but only four Kossäthöfe. In 1687 two farms were still not occupied, but a blacksmith, a tailor and a shepherd with servants lived in the village again. The jug was run by the village's 5 hoof farmer. In 1729 a windmill was also back in operation. 1785 lived in Töplitz: a pastor, the Schulze, four farmers, eight kossäts, a miller and a smith. In 1801 there was a Lehnschulzen, four whole farmers, four whole kossetters, five Büdner, eight residents, a smithy, a jug and a windmill, a total of 23 fire places (= households). In 1837 there were already 33 houses. In 1858 Töplitz had three places to live outside the actual village, six public buildings, 33 residential and 52 farm buildings, including a flour mill. After that, the place grew rapidly: in 1900 there were 91 residential buildings, in 1931 131 residential buildings with 195 households. In the 1946 land reform, 40 hectares were expropriated. In 1959 the Horticultural Production Cooperative (GPG) "Mitschurin" was established with initially four members, which grew to eleven members by 1961. In 1973, in addition to the GPG, there was an association of mutual farmers 'aid / farmers' trading cooperative (VdgB / BHG) to market the fruit.

Political history

The village apparently belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg before 1321 , then to the Lehnin Monastery until 1542. In 1375 the place was included in the Havelland . After the secularization of the monastery in 1542, the place came to the office of Lehnin . Now the place for Zauche and with the formation of the districts in Brandenburg for the Zauchischer Kreis was counted. In the district reform of 1818, the Zauche merged with the former Electoral Office of Belzig to form the district of Zauch-Belzig . This district was dissolved in the district reform of 1952. Alt Töplitz came to the Potsdam-Land district . On March 14, 1974, Alt Töplitz, Neu Töplitz (with the district of Göttin) and Leest merged to form the new municipality of Töplitz. After reunification, Töplitz formed the Werder office together with seven other municipalities . Töplitz was incorporated into the city of Werder (Havel) on October 26, 2003. The Werder office was dissolved at the same time. Since then, Töplitz has been part of the city of Werder (Havel). Alt Töplitz, Göttin, Leest and Neu Töplitz are only living spaces in the city of Werder (Havel) today.

Church history

The church of Alt Töplitz was the mother church in the Middle Ages (Pfarrhufen!). From 1672 to 1832 Phöben was a subsidiary church, and since 1832 also Nattwerder. The parish also included the goddess, Leest and the Lutheran inhabitants of Neu Töplitz (the Swiss immigrants were reformed and were churched in Nattwerder). Even today, Alt Töplitz has its own parish area.

There is a church of the New Apostolic Congregation on Leester Strasse.

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg lists three architectural monuments and 14 soil monuments for Alt Töplitz:

Architectural monuments

  • Village church. The rectangular plastered building with a western roof tower was built in 1760/70. It was renovated in 2012 (wooden structure, especially in the tower, removal of moisture and plaster damage, replacement of the windows)
  • An der Havel 1: homestead, consisting of a residential building and stable building. The single-storey, seven-axis plastered building with jamb and gable roof was built around 1900.
  • On the Havel 67: rectory with farm building. The building complex was built in 1912/3 in the so-called Heimatstil .

Soil monuments

  • No. 30762 Hallway 2: a settlement of prehistory, a settlement of the Slavic Middle Ages, a settlement of the Bronze Age
  • No. 30763 Hallway 3: a Neolithic burial ground
  • No. 30774 Corridor 2: a settlement from the Bronze Age
  • No. 30776 Corridor 1: a coin find from the Slavic Middle Ages, a resting and working place from the Stone Age, a burial ground from the Iron Age
  • No. 30777 Fluren 1,2: a settlement of the Bronze Age, a burial ground of the Bronze Age, a burial ground of the Slavic Middle Ages, a burial ground of the Migration Period
  • No. 30780 Hallway 1: an Iron Age burial ground
  • No. 30781 Fluren 1,3: a settlement from the Bronze Age, a settlement from prehistory
  • No. 30782 Fluren 1,4: a settlement from the Bronze Age, the village core from the German Middle Ages, the village core from the modern age, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages, an Iron Age burial ground, a Neolithic settlement, an Iron Age settlement
  • No. 30784 Hallway 4: an Iron Age burial ground
  • No. 30785 Corridor 4: a burial ground from the Bronze Age, a settlement from the Roman Empire, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages
  • No. 30786 Hallway 4: a Bronze Age settlement, a Neolithic cemetery, a Roman Imperial settlement, an Iron Age settlement, a Slavic Middle Ages burial ground, a Neolithic settlement
  • No. 30791 Hallway 5: an Iron Age settlement, a Bronze Age settlement
  • No. 30793 Corridor 2: a settlement of the Slavic Middle Ages, a settlement of the Bronze Age
  • No. 30796 Corridor 5: a settlement from the Roman Empire, a settlement from the Iron Age

supporting documents

literature

  • Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, p. 96.
  • Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part V Zauch-Belzig. Böhlau, Weimar 1977, pp. 321-322.
  • Marie-Luise Buchinger and Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany Monuments in Brandenburg District Potsdam Mittelmark Bd. 14.1 Nördliche Zauche. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 436-442.
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 218.
  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the cities and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume X, continuation of the documents from the Middle Mark. Castle and town of Plaue. Castle, town and monastery Ziesar, Leitzkau monastery. Golzow Castle and the von Rochow family. Lehnin Monastery. Mixed documents. Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (see individual references with corresponding document number and page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume 10 . Berlin 1856, p. 458–459 ( digital copy - Document No. XVII (17)).
  2. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume 10 . Berlin 1856, p. 234-235 ( digital copy - document number CXI (111)).
  3. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume 10 . Berlin 1856, p. 236 ( digital copy - Certificate No. CXIV (114)).
  4. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume 10 . Berlin 1856, p. 237 ( digital copy - Certificate No. CXVI (116)).
  5. ↑ according to the historical local dictionary
  6. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 November 19, Potsdam-Mittelmark district PDF
  7. ↑ Parish Töplitz
  8. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, Potsdam-Mittelmark district As at: December 31, 2011 PDF ( Memento from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Annual press conference December 12, 2012 B 5 / Marketing City of Werder (Havel) Marketing / Tourism PDF (p. 8)

Web links