The joke

The joke City of Werder (Havel) Coordinates: 52 ° 24 ′ 13 ″  N , 12 ° 49 ′ 24 ″  E
Height :	32 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	429  (Dec. 31, 2008)
Incorporation :	October 26, 2003
Postal code :	14542
Area code :	033207
Church on the village green

Derwitz is a district of the Brandenburg city ​​of Werder (Havel) . It was an independent municipality until it was incorporated on October 26, 2003. The place was the scene of the first flight of mankind by Otto Lilienthal in 1891.

Geographical location

Derwitz is located between Groß Kreutz (Havel) and Glindow in the western half of the state of Brandenburg directly on the B 1 and A 10 . It can be easily reached via the Groß Kreutz motorway exit. The town center is located approx. 8.5 km northwest of the core city of Werder (Havel). Derwitz is 31  m above sea level. NHN .

The place borders in the north on Krielow , a district of the unofficial community Groß Kreutz (Havel) , in the east on Plötzin , district of the city Werder (Havel), in the south on Göhlsdorf , district of the non-governmental community Kloster Lehnin , and in the west on Bochow and Groß Kreutz (both districts of the community Groß Kreutz (Havel)).

history

According to the original village structure, Derwitz was an east-west-oriented street perch village, which ends like a dead end in the east and west. The thoroughfare runs from south to north and divides the village into an eastern and western half. The late Gothic village church is to the northwest of the intersection of Anger and thoroughfare.

The name Derwitz cannot be clearly explained. Reinhard E. Fischer in the Brandenburg name book is considering an origin from a Polabian basic form * D (e) rbica heavily overgrown wasteland , Rodeland, which is again overgrown with forest. This form was probably adjusted to -witz based on other place names.

Population growth from 1772 to 2002

year	Residents
1772	160
1801	189
1817	178
1837	168
1858	261
1871	311
1885	336
1895	342
1905	334
1925	365
1939	443
1946	546
1964	415
1971	387
1981	336
1991	308
2002	454
2008	429

Derwitz on the Urmes table sheets 3542 Groß Kreutz and 3642 Lehnin, from 1839, combined

Lilienthal on a gliding flight in 1891 on the Spitzen Berg north of Derwitz

Vierlindenhof on the village green

“Derwitz sunt 40 mansi, quorum plebanus habet 2. Ad pactum quilibet 8 modios siliginis, 4 ^or modios ordei et 5 modios avene; ad censum quilibet 7 solidos; ad precariam ½ modium siliginis, ½ modium ordei. Cossati sunt 16, quilibet 14 denarios et 1 pullum exceptis 3, qui dant quolibet 20 denarios et 3 pullos. Taberna 1 frustum et 2 modios papaveris. Claws Rittzen, civis in Brand (enburg) has 1 talentum. Busse Schonow 3½ frusta. Bernt Ryke, civis in Berlin 9 frusta. Abbas dicit, esse suam, quia emit a domina Hetzynne de Lindow. Schulze, Landbuch, p. 217/8 "

The place is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1348, but only indirectly. This year a Nicolai Bodeker de Derwis was a lay judge in the new town of Brandenburg. The place itself was first mentioned in a document in 1371. In that year, Margrave Otto V, "the lazy", handed over the lordship of the village of Derwitz to the Lehnin monastery . In 1372 Albrecht Herth von Lindau and his mother Geyse sold the village of Derwitz to the Lehnin monastery. Due to feuds in which Albrecht Herth was involved, however, the handover to the monastery was delayed, as a document from 1373, which Albrecht Graf von Lindow issued, shows. Possibly this concerns a feud between the v. Rochow on one side and the Lehnin Monastery on the other. Because in 1373 the v. Rochow was summoned to the Curia in Rome for damage that they inflicted on Lehnin villages. In 1375 the village had 40  hooves , two of which were parish hooves exempt from taxes . Sixteen kossati lived in the village, and there was a jug . Each hoof had to pay 8 bushels of rye, 4 bushels of barley and 5 bushels of oats annually  . The hoof interest was 7  shillings and ¹ ⁄ ₂  bushels of rye and barley each . The kossas had to pay 14  pfennigs and 1 chicken except for 3 kossas who had to hand over 20 pfennigs and 3 chickens a year. The jug paid 1 piece per year  and, very unusually, 2 bushels of poppy seeds. The income of the village went to the Lehnin monastery as well as other beneficiaries. Claws Rittzen, citizens of Brandenburg, were entitled to 1 count, Busse Schonow 3.5 counts and Bernt Ryke, citizens of Berlin 9 counts of the annual taxes. The village belonged to the Lehnin monastery.

In 1377 Albrecht Herth confirmed that Jüris von Görtzke had his possessions in the village of Derwitz as a fiefdom from him, and not from the v. Rochow. In 1381, with the mediation of Margrave Sigismund , a comparison was made between the Lehnin monastery and the Wichard v. Rochow. In 1450, six of the 40 village hooves were undeveloped. Around 1500 craftsmen under the direction of the Lehnin monastery built the village church . In 1538 20 hooves were “burned down”. There were only three cottagers left in the village. However, the number of farmers is not mentioned. In 1541 the church visitation counted "60 communicants". In 1542 the monastery Lehnin was secularized, the monastery property in the Zauche and the Havelland was assigned to the office of Lehnin . In 1605 the Lehnschulze had a yard with four hooves. There were also seven other four-hoofed farms, a 2½-Hüfner (Krüger) and a 1½-Hüfner. Two Hüfner also have an erbacker. At that time there were five cottagers living in the village. In 1624 ten peasants, five kossas, a shepherd, a blacksmith and the shepherd servant lived in Derwitz. The district had a total of 39 hooves, including the two parish hooves. In 1652, the number of peasants had halved before the Thirty Years' War. There were also four cottagers living in the village. In 1682/83 16 hooves were still desolate, 12 of which were included in the noble collection. In 1745 nine farmers and five cottagers lived in Derwitz again. In 1746, in addition to nine farmers and five kossats, five Büdner had settled in Derwitz, including a linen weaver, a tailor and a blacksmith. A Kossät farmed the church land, one of the farmers was called a half-farmer. 1772 lived in Derwitz: the preacher, seven farmers and nine kossaets. There was a forge in the village.

In 1801 there was a jug in town again. In 1804/05 the old road from Potsdam to Brandenburg an der Havel was expanded into a Chaussee. It now led south past the town center. In 1837 the village had 29 houses. In the Urmes table sheet 1.25.000 sheet 3542 Groß Kreutz from 1839 the inn "Das weisse Ross" is listed south of the old town center on today's B 1 (Derwitzer Chaussee 3). Presumably this building was built shortly after the completion of the Chaussee Potsdam-Brandenburg an der Havel, built in 1804/5. In 1832 the Schulzengut with 340 acres of fields, 59 acres of meadows and 7 acres of herding) was initially to be leased, but in the course of 1835 it was "subhasted" (foreclosed by auction). 1846 - soon after the Berlin - Magdeburg railway line went into operation, stagecoach traffic was discontinued. In 1858 there were 6 public buildings, 33 residential buildings and 54 farm buildings. In 1900 there were 54 houses.

A wind grain mill had set up a little outside the village. The windmill was on the road from Derwitz to Krielow, but a little away from this road, directly on the boundary between Derwitz and Krielow, west of the Spitzen Berg. In 1890 Müller Herrmann Schwach ran the windmill on the Mühlenberg and a bakery at the foot of it. In 1891 Otto Lilienthal made his first flight attempts on the north side of the Spitzen Berg (district Krielow). Its free glide went up to thirty meters. He was related to the Derwitz pastor's family and came to Derwitz that way. He was able to park his aircraft at Windmüller Herrmann Schwach.

In the further course of the local history, some farms were divided; In the Chaussee and Kemnitzer Strasse, smaller inns were established. The fruit growing expanded. The Spitzberg was partially removed between 1904 and 1906 because sand was needed to raise the Potsdam-Wildpark train station and other dams. In 1925, farmers from Derwitz and Krielow joined together to form a so-called Melorationsgenossenschaft. For this purpose, trenches were dug and a pumping station was built. In 1935 the mill operation was relocated to the tower-like motor-driven mill in Derwitzer Winkel 8 (today B. Schulz Mill and Feed in Werder), and the post mill on the Mühlenberg was demolished. Between 1936 and 1938 the motorway was built on the district. The top of the mountain was almost completely removed for sand extraction. Derwitzer farmers do camper service in the construction of the motorway. The land reform of 1946 spared the Derwitz farmers, no one owned over 100 hectares of land or was particularly active during the Nazi era . Derwitz received an allowance of 1.9 ha from the municipality of Plessow, which was divided between two farmers. In 1953 the first LPG was founded with 5 members and 27 hectares of agricultural land. A second LPG Type I was later founded in Derwitz. In 1960 the two LPGs had 59 members and cultivated 198 hectares of usable area. In 1961 the two LPGs were merged. In 1961 a GPG with 6 members and 4 hectares of usable space was founded. In 1970 the LPG was connected to the GPG Werder. GPG Derwitz remained independent. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, GPG Werder was liquidated. In 1991 the Lilienthaldenkmal was erected on the Windmühlenberg because the top mountain no longer existed. In 1998 a new fire station was built and the parish hall was set up in the day care center. In 2001 a small Lilienthal exhibition was set up in the fire station.

Political history

Derwitz lies in the historical landscape of the Zauche , from which the Zauchische Kreis developed in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries . In 1371/2 the village came to the Lehnin monastery, after its secularization to the Lehnin office . With the district reform of 1816, the Zauchische Kreis was merged with the previously electoral office of Belzig to form the district of Zauch-Belzig . This district was dissolved in 1952, Derwitz became part of the new Potsdam-Land district . After the fall of the Wall, the many small communities formed administrative communities. Derwitz joined the office of Groß Kreutz . In 1993, the new Potsdam-Mittelmark district was created through the merger of the Potsdam-Land district, the Brandenburg-Land district and the Belzig district . In 2003 Derwitz joined Werder (Havel) after a citizens' vote and has been part of the city of Werder (Havel) ever since .

Church history

The church in Derwitz was always the mother church from the Middle Ages until 1970, with the daughter church in Krielow since 1540. Groß Kreutz has been looking after it since 1991. The patronage was until 1542 the monastery Lehnin, from 1542 the office Lehnin, later the treasury. The pastor had a parsonage and two free hooves, which he plowed himself in 1541, as well as meadows for 4 loads of hay and a garden that carried two loads of hay. The sexton had a sexton's house, a meadow for a load of hay, 38 bushels of grain, four loaves of bread a year for each house and Easter eggs. The church had a place of worship in 1450. In 1541 this land was cultivated by two "holy" men. In 1746 a Kossät farmed this land. In 1832 Jacob Heinrich Wilhelm Lehmann took over the position of preacher in Derwitz (and Krielow), which he gave up again in 1843. He was best known for his astronomical studies.

Culture, sights and monuments

Nearby, on the Spitzberg, Otto Lilienthal carried out the first short gliding flights with his Derwitzer apparatus in 1891 . On this, the contemporary Ferdinand Ferber : "... The day in 1891, in which Lilienthal first measured fifteen meters in the air, I see as the moment when mankind learned to fly ..." In Derwitz remembered the Lilienthalgedenkhaus on the village square to this event.

Lilienthal monument, out of town towards Krielow

On the Windmühlenberg between Krielow (district of Groß Kreutz ) and Derwitz, the Lilienthal monument by the sculptor Wilfried Statt, inaugurated on September 21, 1991, commemorates the aviation pioneer who undertook his first gliding flights on the pointed mountain to the east. The actual location of the first flights on the Spitzen Berg was lost due to the sand mining in the years 1904–1906 and the 1930s. Since the original, changed location is now wooded, a site was chosen for the monument to the west of it on the Windmühlenberg.

Another memorial stone was inaugurated in honor of the 125th anniversary of the first human flight. However, it is in the wrong location, on the edge of the gravel pit that was only created in the 1930s, where Lilienthal could not fly at all back then.

The Derwitz village church is a medieval stone church from around 1500. Inside there is a pulpit altar signed to the year 1716 and an organ from the second quarter of the 19th century.

Architectural monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark lists five architectural monuments

• Derwitzer Chaussee 3: Gasthof "Zum fiegen Roß"
• Derwitzer Chaussee 7: Orcharder's homestead, consisting of a residential building, coach house, stable building and an extension to the residential building
• Derwitzer Dorfstraße: village church . It is a late medieval field stone building with richly structured dazzling gables and a tower upper floor that was subsequently built in the 19th century.
• Derwitzer Dorfstrasse 6: residential building
• Derwitzer Dorfstraße 37: homestead, consisting of a residential building and a farm building

Soil monuments

The list of monuments also lists the following ground monuments:

• No. 31002, hallway 2: single finds Neolithic, village center, modern times, settlement Slavic Middle Ages, settlement prehistory, village center German Middle Ages
• No. 31003, corridor 3: Modern Settlement, Prehistory Settlement
• No. 31005, hall 3: Prehistory settlement
• No. 31014, corridor 3: Roman Empire settlement, Bronze Age settlement
• No. 31016, hallway 2: Iron Age burial ground, burial ground, Roman Empire, Bronze Age burial ground
• No. 31017, corridor 2 Bronze Age settlement, Iron Age settlement, Slavic Middle Ages settlement
• No. 31000, Derwitz / Flur 2, Krielow / Flur 3: Iron Age burial ground, Roman Empire burial ground, Neolithic grave
• No. 31001, Derwitz / Flur 2, Krielow / Flur 3: Prehistory burial ground, Neolithic grave
• No. 31015, Derwitz / Flur 3, Krielow / Flur 2: Iron Age settlement, Prehistory settlement, German Middle Ages settlement, Iron Age burial ground

Natural monument

In the ordinance on natural monuments in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district of December 7, 2000, the following natural monument is listed

• nine white mulberry trees ( Morus alba ), on lots 173 and 174 on Derwitzer Dorfstrasse.

annotation

1. ↑ Today the ice cream parlor and inn called "Zum Fliegende Ross". It is very likely that there is an error in the original measurement table. An old sandstone relief above the entrance of the building, which is now renovated, shows a representation of Pegasus.

Web links

Commons : Derwitz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

• Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, pp. 60/61.
• Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part V: Zauch-Belzig. Böhlaus, Weimar 1977, pp. 135/136.
• Marie-Luise Buchinger, Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany Monuments in Brandenburg District Potsdam Mittelmark . Vol. 14.1 Northern Zauche . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 200–205
• Werner Schmidt (ed.): Havelland around Werder, Lehnin and Ketzin. Values ​​of the German Homeland, Volume 53. Institute for Regional Geography, Leipzig, ISBN 3-86082-014-1 , p. 109/110.
• Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940.
• Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume X, continuation of the documents from the Middle Mark. Castle and town of Plaue. Castle, town and monastery Ziesar, Leitzkau monastery. Golzow Castle and the von Rochow family. Lehnin Monastery. Mixed documents. Reimer, Berlin 1856 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A 10 with corresponding document number and page number)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Incorporation of the Derwitz community into the city of Werder (Havel). (PDF) Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior dated February 20, 2003. In: Official Journal for Brandenburg . Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 14, 2003, Number 9, Potsdam, March 5, 2003, p. 275
2. ^ Rohrlach: Historisches Ortslexikon , pp. 89/90.
3. ↑ Contribution to statistics. (PDF) Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 . State Office for Data Processing and Statistics, November 19, Potsdam-Mittelmark district
4. ↑ CDB A 10, Certificate No. CXLVIII (148), p. 255 Google Books
5. ↑ CDB A 10, Certificate No. CLIV (154), p. 257/8
6. ↑ CDB A 10, Certificate No. CLV (155), p. 258
7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin for the year 1835, 1st edition of January 2, 1835, p. 7, Google Books
8. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin for the year 1835, 1st edition of December 25, 1835, p. 627, Google Books
9. ^ ^{A b c d e} Hans-Georg Dachner: Otto Lilienthal's first flight attempts in Derwitz / Krielow . In: Local history sheets . Issue 41, July / August. Brandenburg an der Havel 2015, p. 10–20 ( lilienthal-museum.museumnet.eu [PDF; 490 kB ] Publication of the urban history working group in the Brandenburgischer Kulturbund e. V.).
10. ↑ ^{a b} List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: District of Potsdam-Mittelmark (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
11. ↑ 1. Ordinance on natural monuments (ND) in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district of December 7, 2000 ( Memento of August 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
12. ↑ http://isk.geobasis-bb.de/BrandenburgViewer/basiskarte.html?zoom=9&lat=5807982.03208&lon=352017.57533&layers=0B00FF000FFFFFFFFFFF0000FFTFTFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFTTFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFT not available (link)