Kemnitz (Werder (Havel))

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Kemnitz
Coordinates: 52 ° 24 ′ 30 ″  N , 12 ° 52 ′ 20 ″  E
Height : 32 m
Residents : 254  (Dec. 31, 2008)
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 14542
Area code : 03327

Kemnitz is a district of the city of Werder (Havel) ( district of Potsdam-Mittelmark , Brandenburg ). Until it was incorporated into the city of Werder on December 31, 2001, Kemnitz was an independent municipality, which in the Middle Ages became a small noble lordship of the v. Rochow belonged.

Geographical location

Kemnitz is located in the northern part of the Werder (Havel) urban area. It borders in the north on Phöben , in the east on Töplitz , in the south on the area of ​​the core city Werder, in the west on Plötzin (all districts of the city Werder (Havel)) and for a short distance on Krielow (community Groß Kreutz (Havel) ). Kemnitz has a small area of ​​497 hectares.

To the east of the old town center on the Großer Zernsee is the Zern colony living space, roughly on the site of the deserted village of Zernow, which fell in the 14th century .

The community area is crossed by the double-track route of the Berlin – Magdeburg railway line and the A 10 . The Phöben exit is in the Kemnitz district.

history

The village was first mentioned in a document in the land register of Charles IV in 1375 (as Kemenitz ). The name is of Slavic origin and goes back to an Old Polish / Old Sorbian basic form * Kamenica or * Kamenec , which could be translated as a place in a stone stream or as a place in stony terrain . According to the type of settlement, it is a lane village with an estate.

Population growth from 1772 to 2008
year Residents
1772 141
1801 147
1817 147
1837 135
1858 172
1871 183
1885 214
1895 193
1905 192
1925 188
1939 267
1946 425
1964 372
1971 381
1981 323
1991 388
2000 407
2008 254

"Bona Wichardi et Wi. de Rochow ... Kemenitz sunt 31 mansi, quorum plebanus habet 1, prefectus 4 or , tenetur ad equum pheudalem dat 1 frustrum. Ad pactum quilibet 4½ modios siliginis et 4 or modios avene. Cossati sunt 4 or , quilibet dat 2 solidos vinconum et 1 pullum. Taberna non est. Supremum iudicium et servicium curuum habet Mews Postamp, emit a R (ochow), for prius Jacobi Mukums. ... "

- Schulze, Landbuch, pp. 219, 223

The original number of hooves in the village is unclear. According to the land register of 1375, the place had 31 hooves , of which the pastor had one hoof exempt from taxes and the Schulze six hooves. Possibly the hooves of the deserted village of Zernow were already included. The Schulze had been redeemed from the provision of a horse and paid for a frustum . Each taxable hoof had to raise 4½ bushels of rye and four bushels of oats in annual taxes. There were four kossas living in the village, each of whom had to pay two shillings of Vinkenaugen and a chicken once a year . The upper court was in the possession of the Mews Postamp (Potsdam), which he received from Wichard v. Rochow had a fief. He was also entitled to the wagon services and tension services of the peasants. Before Mews Potsdam, the upper court and carriage services were owned by Jacob Mukum. There was no pitcher in the village. In 1450 there are 32 hooves, of which the pastor had two free hooves (including the parish hooves of Zernow?) And Schulze had six free hooves. at that time there seems to be no manor in the village. It was not until 1550 that Jacob I. v. Rochow bought the residential courtyard in Kemnitz with three free hooves and the donations of 15 courtyards to his wife as a personal property. The church visit of 1541 found that 30 communicants lived in Kemnitz. In 1624 there were three farm workers, three farmers, a shepherd, a blacksmith and a shepherd servant living in the village. The manor now comprised eleven Hufen. There were only six farmer's hooves and the two parish hooves left. The Thirty Years' War hit Kemnitz hard. In 1652 there were still two Hüfner and two Kossäts living in the village. Even in 1682/3 there were still two desolate farms in Kemnitz. In 1685 eleven Hufen, a vineyard and three gardens belonged to the manor. In 1745 there are reports of three local farmers, in 1772 only two kossas. In 1801 five whole cottagers, 14 residents, a fisherman and a forester lived in the village; there were a total of 29 fireplaces. In addition, a jug is mentioned for the first time in the village. In 1837 the village had 21 houses, in 1858 the manor also included a sheep farm. In 1900 there were 28 houses and in 1931 37 houses with 55 households. In 1946 the manor of the v. Britzke with 106 ha of arable land, 15 ha of meadow, 582 ha of forest and 171 ha of gardens, a total of 874 ha expropriated. 277.2 hectares were given to the municipality of Phöben . Until October 1946, the property was used as a supply by the Red Army. Five apartments were later set up in the manor house.

In 1958 the first LPG type III was formed with 21 members and 143 hectares of cultivated land. In 1960 it already had 35 members and 189 hectares of usable space. In the same year an LPG type I with 35 members and 189 hectares was founded. It was connected to the LPG Type III Morgenrot in 1962 . In 1967 the Kemnitz and Phöben LPGs merged. the new LPG was initially based in Kemnitz, and from 1973 in Phöben. The LPG used the farm buildings of the former manor.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1993, the property was sold to a private investor who turned the farm buildings into private apartments.

Political history

When it was first mentioned in 1375, Kemnitz was listed among the villages of the historical landscape of Zauche and the possessions of the Wichard and Wichard v. Rochow listed. The V. Rochows had loaned it to Mews Postamp, before Jacob Mukum had it. Already before 1450 it was back to the v. Rochows, who owned Kemnitz until 1584. Hans Zacharias v. That year Rochow sold Kemnitz with the Kemnitzerheide bei Ferch and other properties to Thomas v. Brat. In 1599 it was given to the Magdeburg canon Christoph von Görne, who in 1608 gave it to Hans XIII. v. Rochow, the governor of the Zinna office from the Plessower line. In 1686 Hans Ernst v. Rochow auf Plessow and Friedrich Wilhelm I. v. Rochow auf Stülpe sold the place for 6,600 thalers to Friedrich v. Görne, a little later to Levin Werner v. Brat. In 1717 Kemnitz was sold to Heinrich Carl von der Marwitz ; he was a colonel of the royal body regiment and major general. In 1735 he sold Kemnitz to the district administrator Curdt Friedrich v. Britzke , because he focused more on his Gusow estate, which he bought in 1724, in the Lebus region . The Britzkes remained in the possession of the manor until 1945. In 1849 the patrimonial jurisdiction of the v. Britzke. With the formation of the districts, Kemnitz first came to the Zauchischer Kreis, then in 1816 to the Zauch-Belzigschen Kreis until its dissolution in the district reform of 1952. At that time, the Potsdam-Land district was created in the Potsdam district, which existed until the new district reform of 1993 and then rose in the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark. With the turnaround and the re-establishment of the states, the Potsdam district was completely absorbed into the state of Brandenburg. With the formation of offices in the state of Brandenburg in 1992, Kemnitz merged with seven other municipalities to form the Werder office , which had its seat in the city of Werder (Havel). On December 31, 2001, Kemnitz was incorporated into the city of Werder (Havel) and has been part of the city of Werder (Havel) since then. The Werder office was dissolved in 2003.

Church conditions

Kemnitz was originally the mother church, as indicated by the parish hooves, which appear in the land register in 1375. By 1450 it had sunk to the daughter church of Phöben. Since shortly before 1541 it was the daughter church of Groß Kreutz. In 1541 the pastor leased his two parish hooves and received a wispel lease for them. He is also entitled to the grain tithe and a third of the meat tithe. He also has a tithe from the desert field of Zern, which the Kemnitzer farmers obviously cultivate. The sexton receives 17 bushels of rye bushel grain, bread and Easter eggs for his work. The church has some land that can only be cultivated every six years and ten sheep. From 1573 to 1924 Kemnitz belonged to the inspection or superintendent of Neustadt Brandenburg , since 1924 to the superintendent of Lehnin.

Kemnitz has been part of the Töplitz parish area since 2004.

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg Lkr.Potsdam-Mittelmark lists two architectural monuments and a total of twelve ground monuments for Kemnitz.

Architectural monuments

Village church
  • The village church of Kemnitz is a small rectangular late Gothic building made of field stone and bricks. The church was renovated in 1704 and after a fire in 1747 in 1755. The building was increased and the window openings changed like arches. the building is covered with a hipped roof and has a boarded half-timbered roof tower. The interior is kept simple with a horseshoe gallery, probably from 1798 with later additions and a pulpit altar probably around 1756. In 2001/2002 the church was renovated and the outer walls provided with a reddish lime mud.
  • Former Manor. The manor house is a two-story plastered building that was built in 1702. Dendrochronologically dated beams (d 1685) essentially indicate an older building or the reuse of older material. The narrow sides have curved decorative gables, the corners are rusticated . There are seating niches on both sides of the arched main portal, the coat of arms of the v. Britzke , who had owned the estate since 1735. The ancillary and farm buildings of the manor complex originate predominantly from the 2nd half of the 19th century. They were rebuilt and restored from 1994 to 1996.

Soil monuments

The soil monuments and finds range from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. They show that the area around Kemnitz was at times densely populated. For example, 600 to 900 urn burials were found in the burial ground of the Roman Empire southeast of Kemnitz (No. 30735). The following are identified as ground monuments:

  • No. 30733 Hallway 3: a burial ground from the Bronze Age
  • No. 30734 Corridor 3: a burial ground from the Slavic Middle Ages
  • No. 30735 Hallway 3: a burial ground from the Roman Empire, a burial ground from the Iron Age
  • No. 30736 Hallway 2: a settlement from the Bronze Age, a settlement from the German Middle Ages
  • No. 30737 Hallway 2: a burial ground from the Roman Empire
  • No. 30738 Hallway 2: a settlement from prehistory
  • No. 30739 Hallway 2: a settlement from prehistory
  • No. 30740 Hallway 4: a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages
  • No. 30741 Hallway 2: a burial ground from the Roman Empire
  • No. 30744 Corridor 2: a settlement from the German Middle Ages, a settlement from the Iron Age
  • No. 31131 Corridors 1 and 2 (Kemnitz), Corridor 32 (Werder): Middle Ages village center, a settlement from the Slavic Middle Ages, modern village center, an Iron Age burial ground, a Bronze Age settlement

Natural monuments

Tourism and economy

The old village center and its immediate surroundings are very touristy. There are two upscale hotels (3 and 4 star), numerous holiday apartments, private rooms and pensions. A large stud has settled north-east of the village center. A 27-hole golf course was built north of the railway line between 1994 and 1996.

In the eastern part of the district, a large industrial area was created on the corner of Berliner Ring Ring and Phöbener Chaussee.

supporting documents

literature

  • Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, p. 74.
  • Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part V Zauch-Belzig. Böhlau, Weimar 1977, pp. 189-191.
  • Marie-Luise Buchinger and Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany Monuments in Brandenburg District Potsdam Mittelmark Bd.14.1 Nördliche Zauche. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 263-272.
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 223.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Werder (Havel) from March 9, 2009 PDF
  2. ↑ to 1971 from the historical local dictionary
  3. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 November 19, Potsdam-Mittelmark district PDF
  4. ↑ Formation of the offices of Nordwestuckermark, Kremmen, Spreenhagen, Oder-Welse, Prenzlau-Land, Am Senftenberger See, Schipkau and Werder. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of July 20, 1992. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 3, Number 58, August 12, 1992, pp. 1015–7.
  5. ^ Incorporation of the communities Glindow, Kemnitz and Phöben into the city of Werder (Havel). Communication from the Ministry of the Interior of December 14, 2001. Official Journal for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, 2001, Number 52, Potsdam, December 27, 2001, p. 901 PDF
  6. ↑ Parish Töplitz
  7. ↑ monument list of Brandenburg Potsdam-Mittelmark as of 30.12.2009 ( Memento of 17 December 2015, Internet Archive ) (PDF, 348 kB)
  8. ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017

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