Bochow (Gross Kreutz (Havel))
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Bochow
Municipality Groß Kreutz (Havel)
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| Height : | 50 m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 559 (Dec. 31, 2017) | |
| Incorporation : | October 26, 2003 | |
| Postal code : | 14550 | |
| Area code : | 033207 | |
Location of Bochow in Brandenburg |
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Bochow is a district of the municipality of Groß Kreutz (Havel) in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district in Brandenburg . Bochow was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Groß Kreutz in 2003.
Geographical location
Bochow is about 2.5 km south of Groß Kreutz . In the north it borders on Groß Kreutz and Krielow . The place can be reached via the A 10 , exit Groß Kreutz (via Groß Kreutz). The K6951 from Groß Kreutz leads through the village to Plötzin.
history
According to Reinhard E. Fischer, the name is derived from a Polish basic form * Bochov- to a nickname * Boch- , which arose from first names such as Boguslaw or Boleslaw. According to the type of settlement, the place can be characterized as an Angerdorf with a village pond and church on the Anger.
In 1275 the Brandenburg margraves Otto IV ( the one with the arrow ) and Albert sold the villages of Klein Kreutz ( Slauicam crucewitz ), Bochow ( Buchowe ) and Oberzlaw with all accessories and rights for 350 marks to the Lehnin monastery.
“Bochow sunt 55 mansi, quorum plebanus habet 2. Ad pactum quilibet 5 modios siliginis, 3 ordei, 3 avene; ad censum 1 solidum; ad precariam 38 denarios, quelibet domus 1 pullum. Cossati 9, quilibet 6 denarios et 1 pullum. "
According to Charles IV's land register , Bochow had 55 hooves , of which the pastor had two free hooves. Each taxable hoof had to pay five bushels of rye, three bushels of barley and two bushels of oats annually as lease and one shilling as ground interest. The annual Bede was 38 pence. There were nine kossas living in the village, each of whom had to give up six pfennigs and a chicken. In 1450 24 hooves were vacant. The pastor had three parish hooves. In 1538 only 40 hooves are mentioned, a blacksmith was resident in the village. During the church visitation of 1541, 60 communicants were counted. In 1580 a large farm that worked six Hufen burned down. In 1602/5 there were six farmers, three farmers and three cottagers living in Bochow. The Schulze had two leaning and four hereditary hooves, three farmers cultivated six hooves each and seven farmers cultivated four hooves each. In 1624 eleven peasants, three kossäts, a shepherd and a shepherd servant, a blacksmith and a couple of householders lived in the village. The Thirty Years War hit the place very hard and almost wiped the place out. In 1652 there were still four farmers and two cottagers, a total of nine people in the village. The efforts to revive the place and to rebuild the abandoned farms dragged on until around 1750. In 1662 six farms and three kossät farms were again in management. In 1687 only 24 hooves were levied, the others, minus eight free hooves, were still uncultivated. But there was again a blacksmith, a shepherd and a Kruger who also brewed beer. In 1729 two Swiss families were set up in Bochow to bring two farms back into cultivation. In 1745 the number of farmers had risen to 10, but one farm was still desolate. 1772 lived in Bochow: the preacher, the free school, nine farmers, five kossäts, a miller and a blacksmith. In 1775 a Dutch stone windmill was built at the southern exit of the village in today's Plötzinerstraße. In 1801 there were 30 fireplaces in the village (Lehnschulze, eight full farmers, two half farmers, three full farmers, three Büdner, nine residents, a forge, a jug and a windmill. In 1832 there were 32 houses, in 1858 39 houses and 80 farm buildings as well as three public buildings. In 1900 the place already had 60 (residential) houses, then 89 houses with 107 households in 1939. The settlements Neu Bochow and Bochow Bruch were created around 1900. In 1946 137 hectares were expropriated and 108 hectares were distributed to landless farmers and farm workers, smallholders and small tenants In 1953 the first LPG type I with 8 members and 37 hectares of usable area was established, since 1955 it was converted into a LPG type III. In 1960 the LPG already had 130 members and 746 hectares of usable area ha of usable area was founded, which was connected to the LPG Type III Karl Marx in 1961. In addition, two GPGs with 17 members and 62 ha of usable area had been formed ie GPG Groß Kreutz attached. The GPG "Zier Pflanzenproduktion Neu-Bochow" produced flower bulbs for export. In 1982 the LPG "Obstproduktion Groß Kreutz" cultivated over half of the municipal area with 428 hectares of orchards.
During the GDR era , a children's holiday camp was also operated in the village .
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1772 | 173 |
| 1801 | 202 |
| 1817 | 175 |
| 1837 | 227 |
| 1858 | 280 |
| 1871 | 306 |
| 1885 | 289 |
| 1895 | 307 |
| 1905 | 349 |
| 1925 | 450 |
| 1939 | 537 |
| 1946 | 707 |
| 1964 | 537 |
| 1971 | 568 |
| 1981 | 542 |
| 1991 | 542 |
| 2002 | 596 |
Political history
In 1275 the Brandenburg margraves Otto and Albrecht sold the village of Bochow to the Lehnin monastery. With the secularization of 1542, the place came to the electoral and later royal domain office Lehnin . With the dissolution of the Lehnin office, the place changed to the Potsdam office, which in turn was dissolved in 1872. In the land register of 1375 it was part of the historical landscape of the Zauche . With the formation of the district constitution he first came to the Zauchischer Kreis, in 1816 to the Zauch-Belzigschen Kreis. This was dissolved in 1952, Bochow was assigned to the Potsdam-Land district . In 1992 Bochow merged with five other communities to form the Groß Kreutz office . In 1993 the Potsdam-Land district merged with the Brandenburg-Land and Belzig districts to form the Potsdam-Mittelmark district. In 2003, the municipalities of Bochow, Deetz, Groß Kreutz, Krielow and Schmergow and the municipalities of Götz, Jeserig and Schenkenberg of the Emster-Havel office were merged to form the new municipality of Groß Kreutz / Emster. The name of the municipality was changed to Groß Kreutz (Havel) on July 1, 2004.
Church organization
Bochow was the mother church in the Middle Ages and belonged to the Sedes Neustadt Brandenburg around 1500 . It was inspected before 1573, and since 1806 by the superintendent of Neustadt Brandenburg. In 1990 the pastor's office in Bochow was dissolved and the Protestant parish was incorporated into the Evangelical Christophorus parish in Groß Kreutz.
economy
The local economy is predominantly in the fruit-growing sector.
Architectural monuments
For Bochow, the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, district of Potsdam-Mittelmark (as of December 30, 2009) lists two monuments, but no ground monuments.
- Village church : The Bochow church is a rectangular hall building in neo-Romanesque style made of field stone with a retracted west tower with lateral, small open portal porches and an apse. Individual structural elements of the church such as the tower, the upper part of the apse and structural elements of the nave are made of bricks. The interior of the church altar, pulpit, baptism and the west gallery with organ date from the construction period. The single manual organ was built in 1863 by the master organ builder Gottfried Wilhelm Baer from Niemegk and has nine registers. The church was built from 1858 to 1862 on the site of a somewhat smaller, dilapidated previous building. The construction engineer Schneider made the draft, the draft was revised by Friedrich August Stüler .
- Bochower Bruch: water tower. The approx. 10 m high, conically tapering water tower made of yellowish-reddish bricks was built around 1924/5. It was originally used to irrigate an orchard.
A cord ceramic settlement was located on a promontory that protrudes into the Bochower Bruch . Several rock axes come from this area with no precise location information. A Bronze Age and a Latène Age settlement were also found on this site . In the immediate vicinity is the burial site of the Latène period settlement, which contained some body burials as a special feature for Brandenburg. A grave field from the Latène period was also found in the southern tip of the district, the associated settlement of which lies on the neighboring Göhlsdorf district. Some imperial graves were found southwest of the town center. On the edge of the Bochow quarry, a late Slavic settlement of the 11th / 12th. Century. When today's Bochow was created, this settlement was abandoned. Southwest of Bochow was the village of the village of Oberzlaw, which had fallen into desolation in the 13th century and was sold to Lehnin Monastery in 1275 together with Bochow. To the north of Bochow was the Klein Kreutz or Wendisch-Kreutz named in the same document, whose small area merged into the area of Bochow.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the municipality of Bochow was designed by the heraldist Frank Diemar .
literature
- Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, p. 41.
- Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part V Zauch-Belzig. Böhlau, Weimar 1977, pp. 36-38.
- Marie-Luise Buchinger and Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany Monuments in Brandenburg District Potsdam Mittelmark Bd. 14.1 Nördliche Zauche. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 54–56.
- Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 218.
- Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the cities and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume X, continuation of the documents from the Middle Mark. Castle and town of Plaue. Castle, town and monastery Ziesar, Leitzkau monastery. Golzow Castle and the von Rochow family. Lehnin Monastery. Mixed documents. Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB AX with the corresponding certificate number)
- Chris Rappaport: Historical views of the community of Groß Kreutz. Boken, Detmold 2009, ISBN 3-935454-05-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gross Kreutz. Groß Kreutz (Havel) community, accessed on July 20, 2018 .
- ↑ Main statute for the municipal district in Groß Kreutz (Havel) from December 2009 PDF ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, A 10, document number LXVIII (68), pp. 214/5
- ↑ [1] (p. 314)
- ↑ Buchinger & Cante (2009: p. 54)
- ↑ to 1971 from the historical local dictionary
- ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 November 19, Potsdam-Mittelmark district PDF
- ↑ Fourth law on the state-wide municipal area reform concerning the districts Havelland, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming (4th GemGebRefGBbg) of March 24, 2003. Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, I (Laws), 2003, No. 05, p 73
- ↑ Change of the name of the community Groß Kreutz / Emster. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of April 1, 2004. Official Gazette for Brandenburg Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 15, 2004, Number 14, Potsdam, April 14, 2004, p. 191 PDF
- ↑ Evangelische Christophorus-Kirchengemeinde Groß Kreutz ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, Potsdam-Mittelmark district As at: December 30th, 2009 ( Memento of the original from December 17th, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 348 kB)
annotation
- ↑ There are no remains of her, however. A round piece of land (Plötziner Straße 8) marks the location of the former mill.
Web links
- History in Bochow - Website of the Evangelical Christophorus Parish in Groß Kreutz
- Bochow in the RBB broadcast Landschleicher on October 5, 2014