Klein Kreutz
Klein Kreutz is a place or residential area in the Klein Kreutz / Saaringen district of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel .
location
Klein Kreutz is located directly on the Havel and about 5 kilometers northeast of the city center of Brandenburg. The place is divided into three parts: the village center, the old vineyards and the new vineyards. The village center is on a road in the direction of the Havel, which forms a dead end. To the north of this Kleine Kreutzer Havelstraße is the manor district. The district of Alte Weinberge is located northeast of the village center on the Hohen Warte hill . The district of Neue Weinberge is located north of the manor district and northeast of the old village center. The hills of the vineyards are terminal moraines from the last ice age .
Surname
According to Reinhard E. Fischer , the name is explained from Old Polish , a West Slavic language that was spoken by the first settlers. According to this, the name could be explained as “place where pears grow”. (Compare with Russian pear гру́ша, Polish grusza ). The German colonists, who did not understand the Slavic language, “ put the name under German 'cross' in terms of folk etymology ”, removing the ending '-witz '.
history
Klein Kreutz was founded in Slavic times . The first documentary mention was in 1320 as "Crucewitz", in 1329 it was called "Crutzewitz parva". At first the village was owned by the margrave. From 1324 to 1872 it belonged to Neustadt Brandenburg . In the land book of Emperor Charles IV of 1375 the village was mentioned as having 18 hooves , of which the pastor thought 3 hooves for his Wedemhof . On the whole, 18 were Zählstücke to the city s landlord to pay. The Neustadt Brandenburg had a Vorwerk in 1624 in Klein Kreutz . In 1778 a fire destroyed essential parts of Klein Kreutz. 3 out of 4 full farmers courtyards and 17 of 20 Kossäten were höfen destroyed by fire. During the reconstruction, attention was paid to more space between the homesteads . This is how 5 farms were built on the Backernberg. In 1823 a fire again destroyed large parts, including the Vorwerk, 4 farms and 13 farms, the school and other houses. The Vorwerk was rebuilt north of Klein Kreutz, as were 5 Kossäthöfe.
Until 1950, Klein Kreutz belonged to the Westhavelland district , from 1950 to 1952 to the Brandenburg district. From 1952 to 1993 the village was part of the Brandenburg-Land district . Since 1993 Klein Kreutz has been part of the Brandenburg district again.
Old town Brandenburg used the Marienberg to grow wine. Therefore, the city council of Neustadt Brandenburg also wanted to run a vineyard . For this, the district of Alter Weinberg was created in 1525. 43 vineyards were created on the Hohe Warte ( 63 m ). Since that was not enough, the New Vineyard was added later. Viticulture declined over time, so that grain and fruit were grown from the 19th century. Parts of the old terraces and the fruit trees still exist.
From 1870 three brickworks were built around Klein Kreutz , the last one stopped producing in 1939. There was a windmill near the manor until the 1950s.
On July 1, 1950, Klein Kreutz was incorporated into the city of Brandenburg an der Havel, but the place was regained its independence as a municipality on July 25, 1952 and belonged to the Brandenburg-Land district . On December 6, 1993, Klein Kreutz was again incorporated into Brandenburg an der Havel.
Buildings
The village church of Klein Kreutz is centrally located in the village . According to a document, the first church was built in Klein Kreutz in 1330. The current Protestant church was built from 1867 to 1868 on the site of the previous building. The lower part of the tower is older. It is a listed building. When the church was rebuilt, the cemetery was also closed; the west portal was retained. In its modern parts, the church is mainly a neo-Romanesque brick building with neo-Gothic elements. Inside is an altarpiece from 1463. In the middle there is Mary, she is surrounded by two female saints. There are two male saints in each of the wings of the altarpiece. Further items of equipment are from the construction period around 1867, such as the pulpit, the baptism and the gallery with the organ prospect.
On the street Alte Weinberge 24 there is a wine master's house with a stable and a vineyard. It is a listed building. It was built in 1870, but there are also older parts, such as the basement in front of the current house. The house has largely been preserved. The house is an elongated building with a gable roof , on the right there is a crooked hip . The house is on a slope, it has two storeys on the front and one storey on the back. The stable barn was built around 1900. The vineyard has an east and a south slope.
At Bergstraße 5 there is a wine man's house from the middle of the 18th century. It is a two-story building with five axes and a hipped roof. The middle axis is a little wider, here is the entrance to the house. The house is one of the last wine master houses in Brandenburg an der Havel.
There are two houses on Dorfstrasse that are listed as architectural monuments. These are houses number 45 and 48, both of which were built in the third quarter of the 19th century. The houses have one storey, a gable roof and are brick buildings. The house at Dorfstrasse 45 has five axes, the entrance is in the middle axis. The house at Dorfstraße 48 has six axes, the entrance is on the third axis from the left. There is an outside staircase in front of the entrance . The houses are examples of the simple houses of small farmers, as they were built in Klein Kreutz after the fire in 1823.
In the Klein Kreutzer Havelstraße there are four houses that are protected as a monument. They are the houses number 1, 2, 9 and 15. The house at Klein Kreutzer Havelstraße 1 is a single-storey eaves building with a half-hip roof. The house has seven axes, the entrance is on the third axis from the left. The facade structure has been preserved. The house at Klein Kreutzer Havelstrasse 2 is built similarly to house number 1. It was built after the fire in 1778. The Klein Kreutzer Havelstraße 9 homestead was also built after the fire in 1778. In contrast to the other two houses, there is a gable- independent central corridor house , the entrance is on the gable side. The stable building was built in the second half of the 19th century. The house at Klein Kreutzer Havelstraße 15 was built similar to houses 1 and 2. It's the rectory.
The manor is located on the road to Gut 1, which is also a listed building. It consists of the manor house, a stable and a barn. These buildings border three sides of the courtyard. Before 1986 a cowshed bordered what is now the free side of the farm, but this cowshed burned down in 1986. The manor was built after the fire in 1823, the Vorwerk elsewhere had burned down. In 1839 the estate was bought by the Wiese family. The Wiese family later built today's manor house. The old manor house was demolished in 1978 and was used as an inspector's house until it was demolished. The house is single storey with a mezzanine floor . The facade is characterized by two side elevations and a two-and-a-half-story central elevation . The side projections are two-story with two axes and end with a gable. A pyramid roof is located above the uniaxial central projection. The facade is structured in the classical style. The barn was built around 1823, the cowshed around 1890. The house at Straße zum Gut 4 was built as a farm workers' house after 1823. It is a single storey building with a gable roof.
literature
- Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitized in Potsdam University Library ).
- Marie-Luise Buchinger: City of Brandenburg on the Havel. Outer districts and incorporated places. (Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, Monuments in Brandenburg, Volume 1.2). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995. ISBN 3-88462-115-7 , pages 225-232
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer: The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Age - origin - meaning . Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission. Ed .: Klaus Neitmann (= Brandenburg Historical Studies Volume 13 ). 1st edition. be.bra Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-937233-17-2 , p. 96 .
- ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Cruczewitz, S. 182 .
- ^ Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1993 StBA
- ↑ a b c d e List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: City of Brandenburg an der Havel (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
- ^ Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Founded by the Day for Monument Preservation 1900, continued by Ernst Gall , revised by the Dehio Association and the Association of State Monument Preservationists in the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by: Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum. Brandenburg: edited by Gerhard Vinken and others, reviewed by Barbara Rimpel. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ' N , 12 ° 38' E
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