Berlin-Rummelsburg
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Rummelsburg district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 30 '0 " N , 13 ° 29' 33" E |
| surface | 4.52 km² |
| Residents | 25,650 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 5675 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1920 |
| Post Code | 10317 |
| District number | 1112 |
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| Administrative district | Lichtenberg |
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Rummelsburg is a district in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin . In common parlance, the name is mainly used for the area around the S-Bahn station of the same name .
history
The first building in Rummelsburg was a brickworks , which was located on the banks of the Rummelsburger See (then: Stralauer See ) from 1669 . In the 18th century it developed into a dairy farm , which was initially called the Charlottenhof . After 1775 fisheries and horticulture are also recorded. When the dairy was bought by the wine merchant Johann Jakob Rummel and converted into an inn , he called it Rummelsburg. This name carried over to the emerging settlement.
In 1861 Rummelsburg, until then the exclave of Berlin in the Niederbarnim district, was incorporated into the Boxhagen manor district. In 1859, the Friedrichs orphanage was opened here, and in 1867 the Gesellschaft für Anilinfabrikation mbH was founded, the forerunner of Agfa . Between 1872 and 1875 the Victoriastadt - partly built by British civil engineers - was built, and from 1877–1879 the municipal workhouse in Rummelsburg (later: Rummelsburg prison ). The Protestant Church of the Redeemer was built between 1890 and 1892 .
On January 30, 1889, the manor district was dissolved and the independent community Boxhagen-Rummelsburg was formed, which now consisted of four settlement cores - the Boxhagener Vorwerk with its settlement colony, the establishments of Rummelsburg, the colony of Victoriastadt and the colony of Lichtenberger Kietz . Aided by the construction of the Stralau-Rummelsburg train station in 1882 (today: Ostkreuz train station ), residential and industrial development grew rapidly in the years that followed.
The population in the 19th century increased with the rapid industrial development from 1875 with 2,135 to around 20,000 in 1895 and more than 50,000 in 1910.
On April 1, 1912, Boxhagen-Rummelsburg came to the city of Lichtenberg and, with the formation of Greater Berlin, on October 1, 1920, to the Lichtenberg district of the German capital.
From May 21, 1927 until the 1950s, the Lichtenberg municipal swimming pool was located on Köpenicker Chaussee 1-4, directly on the Rummelsburger See . In addition to the 26,000 m² sandy beach, there was a smaller school pool, a large sports pool (25 m × 100 m) and a smaller warm pool, the water of which was heated with the waste heat from the neighboring Klingenberg power station in the cooler season . A fourth pool was reserved for the ten-meter diving platform. The total area of the bath was 50,000 m².
When the district was reorganized in 2002 (one year after the Berlin district reform), Rummelsburg became an independent district. Since then, this has extended with the area around Weitlingstraße to Lichtenberg train station . Residential buildings from the early 20th century dominate here.
Development
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The district is stretched out between the ring line around Ostkreuz station in the north-west and the Blockdammweg in the south-east and borders in the south on the Spree and its foothills, the Rummelsburger See (also: Rummelsburger Bucht). The district is crossed by the wide route of the main road / Köpenicker Chaussee and the railway line to Frankfurt (Oder) (S-Bahn line S3). There is no real town center.
In the north-west of the district is the Wilhelminian-era residential area Victoriastadt with the Lichtenberg Museum in the town house in Türrschmidtstrasse and the landmark of Victoria City , the shotgun tower in Nöldnerstrasse. Subsequently, there is loose development around the Berlin-Rummelsburg train station and Fischerstrasse. On Schlichtallee / Fischerstraße there is a school complex that was designed by Max Taut and is one of the largest new school buildings in the Weimar Republic .
The water town of Rummelsburg was built on the shores of the Rummelsburger See in the 2000s, partly with the inclusion of old buildings .
The Friedrichs-Orphanage Rummelsburg, built between 1854 and 1859 in Hauptstrasse, housed orphaned boys and girls who had been apprehended in Berlin and the surrounding area. During the GDR era, the border regiment that was responsible for guarding the Berlin Wall between Eberswalder Strasse and the mouth of the Landwehr Canal into the Spree was housed on the site . The Rummelsburg memorial site was created here in 2014 for the inmates of the orphanage .
The Rummelsburg Municipal Workhouse, also located in Hauptstrasse and built between 1877 and 1879 , was used as a Rummelsburg prison in the GDR . Since 2007 the buildings have been converted into condominiums and rental apartments.
Further to the southeast, industrial buildings and the extensive grounds of the Rummelsburg depot , where long-distance trains are serviced, dominate.
One of the landmarks of the district is the Klingenberg electricity and heating power plant in the southeast of Rummelsburg near the Spree , named after its designer, the electrical engineer Georg Klingenberg . It was built in 1925/1926 and has long been considered the largest and most modern facility in Europe. Even today it provides a large part of the energy supply for the city of Berlin.
The district has a connection to the Berlin S-Bahn network with the Rummelsburg and Rummelsburg depot on the S3 line and Nöldnerplatz and Lichtenberg on the S5, S7 and S75 lines. Regional train lines to Templin , Eberswalde and Senftenberg , Werneuchen and Kostrzyn run from Lichtenberg train station . There is also a transition to the subway line 5 . The Ostkreuz S-Bahn station is on the outskirts of the district.
The area is also served by tram line 21 and several bus routes.
population
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Source: Statistical Report AI 5. Population in the State of Berlin on December 31st. Basic data. Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (corresponding years)
Economy and industry
From the end of the 19th century to 1945
Large areas in Rummelsburg, located on Hauptstrasse and on Köpenicker Chaussee, developed into important economic factors in Rummelsburg during the period mentioned. The following companies in particular contributed to this:
- Knorr brake
- IG Farben AG Aceta
- Klingenberg power plant
- Lichtenberg gas works with company apartments
- Wholesale market for geese and pigs
- North German ice works
The construction and operation of what was then the Auguste Viktoria Hospital in Nöldnerstraße and the traffic via the Rummelsburg depot and storage station also determined the economy in Rummelsburg.
Between 1945 and 1990
As a result of the Second World War, the Knorr-Bremse and IG Farben companies were expropriated. Initially, the power station and the gas works could not work due to dismantled machines or a lack of raw materials. Not until 1952 did the production of industrial goods begin again. The factories became state- owned companies . Examples of institutions with high economic strength in Rummelsburg were:
- Berlin brake factory
- Concrete slab factory in Rummelsburg of the VE-Housing Combine Berlin, part III
- Rummelsburg depot
- Engineering school for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering in Marktstrasse
Since 1990
As a result of the political and economic change since 1990, many operations have been closed step by step. What remained were mainly small and medium-sized craft businesses.
The Klingenberg power plant supplies the Berlin electricity market and is an important supplier of district heating for the eastern part of the city. The Braunkohleverfeuerung was finished in 2017 and the power plant is now fully on natural gas are converted.
In 1995 the Victoriacenter shopping center was built on Marktstrasse. In the building of the Berlin brake factory on Hirschberger Strasse, the German Federal Pension Insurance Association is based with the department “Pension Fund for Supplementary Pension Systems”.
The ICE depot of Deutsche Bahn was built as a new building at the Rummelsburg depot . The ICE 2 fleet is based here. Today's Rummelsburg depot is divided into two areas: the ICE hall is in the southern area and the passenger car hall in the northern area.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the district
- Adolph Schlicht (1840–1910), local politician
- Alfred Kowalke (1907–1944), communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Margarete Steffin (1908–1941), actress and writer
- Erwin Nöldner (1913–1944), communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism
Personalities associated with Rummelsburg
- Heinrich Zille (1858–1929), “Brush Heinrich ”, painter and graphic artist, lived at Geusenstrasse 16
- Felix Tucholla (1899–1943), resistance fighter against National Socialism, lived at Kaskelstrasse 41
- Hans Krüger (1904–1944), resistance fighter against National Socialism, lived at Türrschmidtstrasse 38
- Wilhelm Martinke (1909–1945), resistance fighter against National Socialism, lived at Pfarrstrasse 92
- Käthe Tucholla (1910–1943), resistance fighter against National Socialism, lived at Kaskelstrasse 41
See also
- List of streets and squares in Berlin-Rummelsburg
- List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Rummelsburg
- List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Rummelsburg
literature
- Christine Steer: Rummelsburg with the Victoriastadt. be.bra-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-8148-0181-0 .
Web links
- Time travel through Rummelsburg. History of Rummelsburg on the website of the district office
- Rummelsburger Strasse . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- Information sheet on interesting industrial buildings in Rummelsburg (PDF) from the Berlin Center for Industrial Culture
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thomas Irmer, Kaspar Nuremberg, Barbara Reischl: The municipal work and preservation house Rummelsburg in Berlin-Lichtenberg. On the past and present of a forgotten place where “anti-socials” were persecuted during the Nazi era . In: Memorial Circular No. 144. 8/2008, pp. 22–31.
- ^ Dieter Breitenborn: Boxhagen-Rummelsburg. In: BZ in the evening . 17th January 1979.
- ^ Population of Boxhagen-Rummelsburg in 1910
- ↑ John Stave: living room and kitchen. Experienced and exquisite. Eulenspiegel-Verlag , 2001, ISBN 3-359-00478-7 .
- ↑ On the Rummelsburger Ufer at the Lichtenberg district office
- ↑ Architectural monument Oberlyzeum, middle, community and vocational school Lichtenberg
- ↑ Statistical report AI 5 - hj 2 / 19. Residents in the state of Berlin on December 31, 2019. Basic data. P. 26
- ↑ Thomas Rogalla: Energy supply: The last Schüppe brown coal . In: Berliner Zeitung . ( berliner-zeitung.de [accessed on May 31, 2017]).
