Eberswalder Strasse

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Eberswalder Strasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Eberswalder Strasse
Corner of Eberswalder and Oderberger Strasse , 2011
Basic data
place Berlin
District Prenzlauer Berg
Created 1889
Connecting roads
Bernauer Strasse (southwest) ,
Danziger Strasse (east)
Cross streets Schwedter Strasse ,
Topsstrasse,
Schönhauser Allee
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic ,
bicycle traffic ,
car traffic ,
public transport
Technical specifications
Street length 520 meters
Corner of Eberswalder and Oderberger Strasse, 1973

The Eberswalder Straße is a street in the northern Berlin city center . It is located in the district of Prenzlauer Berg of Pankow and is part of Berlin's city ring . It is known for the subway station of the same name and the adjacent Mauerpark .

Course of the road

Eberswalder Straße is about five hundred meters long and runs in a west-east direction. It begins as an extension of Bernauer Strasse at the intersection with Oderberger and Schwedter Strasse at the southern entrance to the Mauerpark near the border with the districts of Mitte and Gesundbrunnen . It initially leads in an east-northeast direction, bends about halfway in a right-hand bend and continues in an east-southeast direction to the intersection with Schönhauser Allee , where it turns into Danziger Straße . At its bend, a 50-meter-long cul-de-sac connects to the north, which leads to the south entrance of the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark . This short section was incorporated into Eberswalder Straße with the construction of the sports park (house numbers 36–39). There the one-way street Topsstraße is the only cross street to join Eberswalder Straße.

Originally, among other things, Eberswalder Strasse formed the border of the St. Augustine parish , which branched off from the parish Herz Jesu in 1903 in order to meet the growing demands.

Eberswalder Straße represents the northern border of the Prenzlauer Berg - Teutoburger Platz area , which was a redevelopment area between 1994 and 2013.

history

The area north of today's road was arable land at the beginning of the 19th century and the property of the landowner Wilhelm Griebenow until he sold it to the military treasury for 9518 thalers in 1825  . The military made the area one of the three large parade grounds in the north of Berlin. The as yet unnamed street in the south of the square was led as Feldweg 53 in the development plan from 1862 , Department XI. Its present name it was given on 12 April 1889, when the magistrate announced of local royal capital and seat that Kaiser Wilhelm II. The road to the town of Eberswalde 's called that, north east of Berlin, today county seat of Barnim is . Other streets in the area also got names from localities in Barnim, such as Bernauer and Choriner Straße.

In 1912 the city acquired the site of the old parade ground and rededicated it as a sports facility. The city ​​council decided in the same year to extend Sonnenburger Strasse to include the section from Gaudy Strasse to Eberswalder Strasse. Today the cul-de-sac at the bend in Eberswalder Strasse marks the beginning of what was then the course of the road. The street section on the parade ground originally bore the number 9, later 16b of section XI of the development plan. From 1920 to 1935 the section was called Rudolf-Mosse-Straße , then again Sonnenburger Straße. In the 1950s, the extension of Sonnenburger Strasse was withdrawn by the construction of the sports park; its southern end was incorporated into Eberswalder Strasse.

After the end of the Second World War , Eberswalder Strasse ended directly at the Soviet-French sector border that ran along Schwedter Strasse. When the construction of the Wall began in 1961, the border strip crossed the intersection at the transition to Bernauer Strasse. In order to prevent eye contact with West Berliners beyond the barriers, an approximately five meter high wooden screen was erected in the autumn of 1961. The cover was later replaced by a solid concrete wall. Eberswalder, Oderberger and Schwedter Strasse were now dead ends that were only connected by the sidewalk. In the 1980s, large concrete flower bowl barriers stood on the roadways to secure passage. In July 1988, as part of an area swap between East and West Berlin, the sector and today's district border was moved westward. The wall strip was widened, and the border wall no longer ran directly over the intersection, but crossed Bernauer Strasse about 50 meters further west. With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the first demolition work at the Oderberger / Schwedter / Bernauer Straße intersection was carried out on the night of November 10th. The same morning the border crossing Eberswalder Strasse was opened for pedestrians.

traffic

Corner of Eberswalder Strasse / Schönhauser Allee , 2012

The city's oldest municipal tram route runs through Eberswalder Strasse ; it was inaugurated on July 1, 1908 and initially operated between Stettiner Bahnhof (today: Nordbahnhof) and the cattle yard on Landsberger Allee. In the post-war period , tram line 4 ran through Eberswalder Strasse, with the terminus Strelitzer Strasse / Bernauer Strasse and Warschauer Brücke or Schlesisches Tor . On December 15, 1951, line 4 was interrupted at the sector border at the transition to Bernauer Strasse. The Eberswalder Strasse / Oderberger Strasse stop became the terminus. From April 1963, there was a turning loop here, a few meters away from the Berlin Wall, which was expanded from 1975 to 1976.

In 2005, the BVG had the track system renovated and extended the route back to the original route along Bernauer Strasse to the Nordbahnhof. The section was opened in May 2006, and the M10 metro line has been running on it ever since. In June 2009, a bus stop on the left was built on the median of Eberswalder Straße at the corner of Schönhauser Allee. The approximately three-meter-wide median in the further course of the road, marked as a restricted area, is regularly used as an escape room for the emergency vehicles of the nearby Prenzlauer Berg fire station on Oderberger Straße and the police, in order to avoid the bottlenecks caused by the unfortunate traffic flow.

In the course of the expansion of the Berlin inner city ring from 2008 to 2010, the lane next to the tracks in Eberswalder Strasse was also renewed in three construction phases. In addition, the sidewalks were expanded and bicycle paths and parking bags were created on both sides. Some of the existing old and new "Charlottenburg slabs", some of them modern granite slabs and paving stones were redesigned in the typical laying grid of the Bernburg mosaic pavement. Furthermore, the street lighting systems and numerous supply systems were renewed and mainly plane trees were planted to continue the rows of trees in Bernauer Straße . Since October 1, 2010, Eberswalder Straße has been part of the parking management in zones 41 and 43.

Since October 1991 the nearby Hochbahn station on Schönhauser Allee has been called Eberswalder Straße underground station . In 1913 it was opened under the name Danziger Straße , in GDR times it was called the Dimitroffstraße underground station . After a long public discussion, the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe BVB renamed the station shortly before their merger with BVG.

Development

St. Elisabeth pen

Stephanus living and care St. Elisabeth Stift in Eberswalder Straße 17/18

One of the early buildings in the street was erected in 1858 by the St. Elisabeth parish , which founded a monastery for old people and people in need of care on the corner of Schönhauser Allee. Almost 20 years later and a good hundred meters away, today's building of the monastery in Eberswalder Straße 17/18 was built by master builder Friedrich August Wilhelm Strauch as a plastered building in the forms of Berlin's late classicism and opened in 1877 as a church infirmary for women. In 1882/1883 and 1892/1893, today's nursing home received several extensions with side wings according to plans by the architect and building contractor Kurt Berndt . To the west of the building, the area up to Oderberger Straße was initially undeveloped and was still designated as a tree nursery in 1879 . Due to the dilapidation, the bell was removed from the half-timbered church in Alt Placht and re-inaugurated in 1980 in a belfry in the courtyard of the St. Elisabeth monastery.

Freight depot

At the western end of the street, a freight yard was opened in 1877 on the site of today's Mauerpark. It was initially called the freight yard of the Nordbahn or Berlin Nordbahnhof and was renamed the Eberswalder freight yard in 1950 . It remained in operation on the West Berlin side for over a hundred years - even after the Wall was built - until the 1980s.

Community school

Eberswalder Straße 10: former teacher's house, 2011

Under the architect Hermann Blankenstein , planning began in 1881 for the construction of a community school, which was built as the 117th and 178th double community school from 1886 to 1888 and opened in April 1889 at Eberswalder Strasse 10. From September 1, 1889, the associated teacher's house was also home to the registry office no. X b (10 b), which was previously at Schönhauser Allee 29. Facing the street, the listed teacher's house is still clad in a red clinker facing building with green and yellow glazed bricks. The gym is designed similarly. Large parts of the community school were destroyed in the Second World War. A kindergarten built in 1955 is adjacent to the former teacher's residence at number 11, as well as a crèche built in 1970 to the south, the garden of which is located on the site of the former community school. Today, both houses together form a day-care center .

Tenement houses

The first tenement houses were already under construction in 1889 immediately after the street was named. In 1893, the corner house No. 24 on Schönhauser Allee was completed. In 1915 the street was completely built on. In the tenement at Eberswalder Strasse 25/26 at the corner of Schönhauser Allee 144, which was completed in 1906/07, the cinema Welt-Theater “Das lebende Bild” was located under the direction of Robert Müller from 1907 . The architect and short-term owner of the house Paul Ueberholz originally wanted to rent the rooms on the first floor as a restaurant, but could not find a tenant. The irregular floor plan resulted in unusual seating (1919: 384 seats) and a large amount of open space that was used as a “refreshment area”. In addition to the background music for the silent films by a piano player, what was happening on the screen was commented on by a so-called "cinema explainer". Although the lease expired in 1912 and the competition endangered operations, the new home owner M. Zielinsky only had the cinema converted into office space in 1933. Until 2016 there was a branch of the Berliner Bank on the ground floor . The premises were gutted in the course of 2017, the facade opened with large-format windows and redesigned for new commercial use.

Post office and police

October 13, 1958: Postman in front of the post office N 58

The former post office N 58 in Eberswalder Straße 6-9 was built between 1913 and 1915 as a neo-baroque plastered building. From August 10, 1919, the Berlin telephone exchange “Humboldt”, which was responsible for all northern connections, was located in the seven-axis central section of the four-storey building with an ornamented sandstone portal and mansard roof with tower. In addition, on January 8, 1928, a telephone exchange "Vineta" was opened, which was subordinate to the North Telephony Office (Berlin N 24) at Artilleriestraße 19. Today the building houses Police Directorate 1 Section 15; the post now only operates a letter collection point for the postman in the backyard. In addition, the police traffic accident service was located in the former teacher's residence.

Former parade ground

In September 1921 in the Eberswalde Straße 37-52 three barracks for an outpatient clinic with on the former site of the parade ground outdoor school for 300 with tuberculosis children under the Stadtmedizinalrat Rabnow furnished. Under the direction of August Bier , they had lessons three days a week in the school barracks belonging to the facility. All independent children up to the age of 15 stayed outside naked during the day, as surgical tuberculosis had good experiences with open-air Had done sun treatment in the Hohenlychen sanatorium . In April 1924, the magistrate transferred the tasks to the disinfection system. Today the tram turning point and a parking lot are located here. In 1937, the former parade ground along Eberswalder Strasse was reduced again. 215 new apartments were built in the newly laid out Ludwigstrasse (named after the Nazi Otto Ludwig who was shot in 1932 ; Topsstrasse since 1952) to Eberswalder Strasse. On October 22, 1945, the district office decided to build a stadium on the former parade ground along Eberswalder Strasse. The Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark (unofficially called “Exer” after the former parade ground, later called “Cantian-Stadion” after the entrance in Cantianstraße) was opened on October 1, 1952 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Jahn's death . The stadium was, among other things, the home ground of FC Vorwärts Berlin and then, since the early 1970s, of BFC Dynamo .

Previous Jewish life

In what was then the working-class district of Prenzlauer Berg, there was an active Jewish community until the early 1940s . By 1933 around 18,000 Jews lived around Kollwitzplatz . However, the area around the synagogue on Rykestrasse was not an upper-class neighborhood . Although it was characterized by a high density of politicians, trade unionists, small industrialists, small businesses and artists, it was also the "home of the less wealthy or sometimes very poor Jews".

According to the Jewish address book from 1931, around 20 Jewish families lived on Eberswalder Strasse. The different social classes are also reflected in the different job titles of the residents: doctor, master butcher, merchant, garment tailor and master tailor as well as grain and furage traders .

For example, the merchant Max Hartmann lived in the corner house at Schönhauser Allee 144 / Eberswalder Strasse 26 from 1908. He was a representative of the Jewish Reform Community in Berlin. V. The aim of the community was to unite German Jews. In the neighboring house at Eberswalder Strasse 25/26, he headed the space letting commission and the charity commission of the association. It was last in the Berlin address book in 1935.

At the time of the 1939 census, ten Jewish families were still living on Eberswalder Strasse. According to the Berlin address book from 1940, the Jewish welfare office was located at Eberswalder Strasse 25/26 for one year.

At least six Jewish residents were evidently deported from Eberswalder Strasse and murdered: In October 1941, the hair jewelry seller Hermann Saalfeld and his wife Gertrud were deported from Eberswalder Strasse 22 to the Litzmannstadt ghetto . In November 1941 the couple Bernhard and Cäcilie (née Heilich) Pinkus were deported from Eberswalder Strasse 20 to Riga-Rumbula . After Auschwitz 1943 Lesser Tasiemka and his lodger Hans Friedlander, Eberswalder Straße 26, was deported. The fate of Lesser Tasiemka's wife, Jeanette, is unknown. The Kaspari family, who only moved from Rosenberg near East Prussia to Eberswalder Strasse 4 in 1939, survived the Holocaust . The Weissburd family from Eberswalder Strasse 27 also survived and were able to emigrate to Palestine . Cäcilie Pinkus (née Moses), who was sublet the Weissburd family, died on March 17, 1940. The half-Jewish Erna Voege, married to the non-Jewish plumber Bernhard Klöpfer, Eberswalder Strasse 4, also died before a possible deportation. The cause of both deaths is unknown.

When the city was divided, the only kosher butcher shop in the GDR was located at Eberswalder Straße 20 . However, the business was only operated as a kosher butcher shop on a specific weekday, as a butcher regularly traveled to Berlin from Budapest . The non-Jewish butcher served not only parishioners but also Arab diplomats.

literature

  • Heinrich Trost et al. : The architectural and art monuments in the GDR: Capital Berlin. Volume I, Henschelverlag, Berlin / GDR 1984.
  • Kurt Wolterstädt, Hermann Zech: Streets in the Berlin districts of Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain . Kulturbund der DDR, Berlin / DDR 1989.
  • Malwine Hoerisch, Dieter Schönberg: Prenzlauer Berg: Art walks . 3rd edition Nicolai, Berlin 2004.
  • Digging on Eberswalder Strasse . In: Der Tagesspiegel , July 11, 2005; about road construction work in Eberswalder Straße

Web links

Commons : Eberswalder Straße (Berlin)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For the exact current (status: 2013) road and border course see: Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment: Map Berlin Zoom (status: November 9, 2013).
  2. ^ Abandoned redevelopment area Pankow - Teutoburger Platz . ( Memento of the original from November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment, as of November 2, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
  3. ↑ a b Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 000-02-01, No. 537
  4. ↑ Christine Kisorsy et al. a .: The white line, wall and escape in the north-east of Berlin. Published by Museum Pankow. Textpunkt Verlag, Berlin 2012, Chapter: Eberswalder Straße | Bernauer Strasse, pp. 12-21.
  5. ^ Hans-Joachim Pohl: The urban trams in Berlin. History of a municipal transport company . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 5, 1983, pp. 98-106 .
  6. ↑ Marcel Götze: Post-War History from 1945 . berlin-straba.de 1950-59 (as of November 2, 2013)
  7. ↑ Marcel Götze: Post-War History from 1945 . berlin-straba.de 1960–1969 (as of November 2, 2013)
  8. ↑ Marcel Götze: Post-War History from 1945 . berlin-straba.de 2000–2009 (as of November 2, 2013)
  9. ↑ History of St. Elisabeth Diakonie ( Memento of the original dated November 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 6, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elisabeth-diakonie.de
  10. ↑ Sineck Plan of 1879: Berlin 1880. ( "Historical Maps" under)
  11. ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 000-02-01, No. 2918.
  12. ↑ Berlin cultural monument no. 09050455. Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment, as of November 6, 2013.
  13. ↑ Schönhauser Allee 144 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1913, Part 3, p. 774. “Welt-Theater 'Das lebende Bild'” (the name of the cinema varies depending on the source).
  14. ^ A b Matthias Bauer: Berlin: Media and Cultural History of a Capital in the 20th Century . A. Francke Verlag, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-7720-8217-7 , p. 230. Matthias Bauer states that it was “the largest cinema in the city at the beginning of the 20th century”. However, this is doubtful, since he assumes 400 seats, other sources give about 300 seats.
  15. ^ A b Sylvaine Hänsel, Angelika Schmitt: Cinema architecture in Berlin 1895–1995 . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-496-01129-7 , p. 144.
  16. ↑ The surgical treatment of tuberculosis. In: Vossische Zeitung , September 4, 1921, Sunday edition, No. 416
  17. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​in Berlin - 12 walks in the neighborhood. Active Museum of Fascism and Resistance Berlin, Coordination Office Stolpersteine ​​Berlin, Kulturprojekte Berlin GmbH, Berlin 2013, p. 119.
  18. ↑ berlin.de ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.berlin.de
  19. ↑ objekte.jmberlin.de
  20. ^ Daniela Dahn: Prenzlauer Berg Tour . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 1987, p. 90.

Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 28.6 "  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 29.7"  E