Berlin Eberswalder Strasse train station

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Berlin Eberswalder Strasse
Railway station in the 1930s
Railway station in the 1930s
Data
Operating point type Railway station , last junction
Design Terminus
abbreviation MOVE
opening 1877
Conveyance 1985
location
City / municipality Berlin
Place / district Berlin-Gesundbrunnen
country Berlin
Country Germany
Coordinates 52 ° 32 '26 "  N , 13 ° 24' 10"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 32 '26 "  N , 13 ° 24' 10"  E
Railway lines
Railway stations in Berlin
i16 i16 i18

The Berlin Eberswalder Strasse train station (until 1950 Berlin Nordbahnhof ) on Bernauer Strasse was the starting point of the Berlin Northern Railway . Except for a few years at the end of the 19th century, it was used exclusively for freight traffic. Due to its location between East and West Berlin , it lost its importance as a result of the division of Berlin from 1948, but was still in operation for individual residents for a long time. The German Reichsbahn put closed in 1985, the remaining assets of the station. The Mauerpark , created in 1992, covers most of the area of ​​the former train station. Little of its buildings has been preserved, the best-known relic is the Gleim Tunnel , a listed monument that used to run under the tracks .

Location and name

Location of the North Station on a map from 1884

The station extended from Bernauer Strasse northwards towards the Berlin Ringbahn and partially beyond it. The western boundary of the station was due to the properties on the east side of Wolliner Strasse and Graunstrasse, and Schwedter Strasse delimited the station to the east. Until 1988, this street also formed the border between the Berlin districts of Wedding and Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg and thus after 1945 also between East and West Berlin. The central station facilities in the area of ​​the loading streets were completely on the Weddinger and thus West Berlin side in today's Berlin-Gesundbrunnen district . After an area swap in 1988, an approximately 50-meter-wide strip of the former station area came to the East Berlin district of Prenzlauer Berg. Also in Prenzlauer Berg were the operating tracks belonging to the station north of the Behmstrasse bridge.

Until 1950 the station was called Berlin Nordbahnhof . After the former Stettiner Bahnhof on the East Berlin side was renamed Nordbahnhof for political reasons in 1950 , a new name was necessary for the station originally called Nordbahnhof . It was named after Eberswalder Strasse , which was already in East Berlin , the eastern extension of Bernauer Strasse, although the train station was not on this street. Only the southeast corner of the station area comes to the intersection of Bernauer Strasse / Schwedter Strasse / Eberswalder Strasse / Oderberger Strasse, but does not touch Eberswalder Strasse. The Gleimstraße between Wedding and Prenzlauer Berg crosses the Gleim tunnel around 700 m from the southern end of the station, under the former facilities of the station.

history

North station and adjacent lines around 1892, on the right in the station the passenger platform

On June 10, 1877, the Berlin Northern Railway first went into operation between Berlin and Neubrandenburg. As with the other railway lines starting from Berlin, a terminus station was planned as the starting point of the line . Its completion was delayed by a few months, however, so that the Gesundbrunnen station was initially used for passenger traffic on the northern line and the Lower Silesian-Märkische station was used for freight traffic . The North Station was opened on October 1, 1877. Negotiations with the Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft had meanwhile made it possible for the passenger trains of the Northern Railway to use the more centrally located Szczecin station. The north station became a pure freight yard. At the beginning of 1877, the north station was planned as a passenger station, it should be equipped with a U-shaped station building.

With the opening of the station, a 1.78 kilometer long “outer” curve from Gesundbrunnen station to the northern line went into operation. On December 1, 1877, the "inner" connection from the north station directly to the Gesundbrunnen station followed, which was expanded to include tracks south of the platforms for this purpose. Since the north station was not needed as a passenger station, its capacities were sufficient that it could also accommodate the freight traffic of the Wetzlarer Bahn until the completion of the Charlottenburg station . In the years 1880 and 1881, both the Northern Railway and the Szczecin Railway were nationalized. Thereupon there were considerations to relocate the freight traffic from the north station to the neighboring stations and to develop the area. This did not happen due to the increased traffic.

Timetable of the suburban trains to Oranienburg from 1892

By 1890, suburban traffic around Berlin had grown significantly. The systems of the Szczecin train station reached their capacity limits. For this reason, some of the suburban trains of the northern line had to be withdrawn from the Szczecin station. Various alternative options were examined. After the use of Moabit station was ruled out because this station had also reached its capacity limits and was fundamentally rebuilt, it was decided to use the north station temporarily as a passenger station. For this purpose, a platform with two tracks was built in the eastern part of the station and a small reception building was erected on Bernauer Strasse not far from Schwedter Strasse. For suburban traffic, a temporary platform at the intersection with the Ringbahn went into operation, which was called Gesundbrunnen (Northern Railway) . In 1892, 4 to 5 pairs of suburban trains per day continued to run from Szczecin station, while the rest (11 to 12 pairs of trains) ran from the north station.

North station and adjacent lines around 1906

On October 1, 1893, the Kremmener Bahn branching off from the northern line went into operation. Their trains also used the facilities of the north station. The departures of the suburban trains of the Northern Railway from two different stations proved to be untenable in the long run. There had been repeated protests from suburban travelers. As a solution, it was decided to expand the facilities of the Szczecin train station with a separate suburban train station. This went into operation on February 1, 1898. The north station was then closed again to passenger traffic and the Gesundbrunnen stop (north line) was closed. Meanwhile, the Pankow marshalling yard had gone into operation further north, relieving the load on the north and Szczecin stations. The north station was thus able to accommodate most of the free loading traffic from the Szczecin station.

Bridges over the Gleimtunnel opened in 1908

In 1908, the station was extended to the north far beyond the ring line, so that independent track connections to the north line and the Pankow marshalling yard were possible. The “inner curve” to Gesundbrunnen train station was dismantled in 1910 and additional loading lanes were built in this area. Trains between the Nordbahnhof and the Ringbahn ran via a hairpin around the area of ​​today's Bösebrücke . In the course of the renovation in 1903/04, the Gleimtunnel was also built , through which the Gleimstrasse was led under the tracks of the north station.

Plans to redesign Berlin's railway facilities during the National Socialist rule envisaged the closure of the north station and a new, large north freight station in the area of ​​the Pankow marshalling yard. They weren't realized.

After the Second World War, the Nordbahnhof was badly affected by the division of Germany and Berlin. It was on West Berlin territory, but bordered East Berlin on three sides. Nevertheless, it remained in operation for local connections. Goods traffic on the northern line between the GDR and West Berlin was interrupted at the beginning of the 1950s, so that the station, called Eberswalder Strasse since 1950, was only connected via the ring line from the west and via the Pankow marshalling yard. After the construction of the Berlin Wall , head-turning operations in the part of the station north of Behmstrasse in the East Berlin border area was a problem for border security in the GDR. After the wall was built, the inner ring line connection to Gesundbrunnen station was instead rebuilt and the facilities north of the ring line were shut down and removed.

Smaller businesses settled on the station grounds. In 1980 the station was given up as an independent service and connected to Berlin-Moabit station . It remained in operation for the last local connections until 1985. On July 11, 1985, the Deutsche Reichsbahn finally ceased train operations.

In 1988 there was an exchange of territory between West and East Berlin. West Berlin gave up a 50 meter wide strip of the former railway area. The GDR set up new border security systems on the area. After 2000, the eastern part of the station area was gradually incorporated into the Mauerpark .

Another seven hectare area of ​​the former freight station is to be designed as an extension of the Mauerpark in the future. In this context, this area (which still belongs to the Mitte district today ) is to be added to the Pankow district.

Investments

Station wall on the property on Wolliner Strasse

At the time of its greatest expansion, the station area stretched for about one and a half kilometers from Bernauer Strasse to the north. Several traffic routes crossed the station area. About 700 meters north of Bernauer Strasse, Gleimstrasse passes under the former train station. Further north, the tracks of the Northern Railway crossed the Ringbahn tracks and then crossed under Behmstrasse.

At the time the station was at its greatest expansion, there were eight loading lanes in the southern part, followed by eight more. North of the Ringbahn were operational tracks, from which track connections to the Ringbahn branched off to the east and west. The direct track connection from Gesundbrunnen station to the south of the station was in operation until 1910 and again after 1961.

The high-rise buildings of the station are no longer preserved. The small, one-story entrance building from the 1890s on Bernauer Strasse near Schwedter Strasse remained unchanged until 1988. Then the building, which had been in East Berlin after the border was moved, was demolished. Individual sections of the station wall have remained. The Gleim tunnel, which is a protected monument, has also been preserved, where individual parts of the bridge have remained. Most of the central station area is now part of the Mauerpark. The tracks of the north cross with the branches of the lines from the north and the circular railway are now located on the site of the former northern part of the station.

During excavations by Berliner Wasserbetriebe at the beginning of 2018, u. a. the foundations of the former building on the southeast corner are revealed. In addition, the earlier access to an escape tunnel could be rediscovered, which from there reached around 80 meters under the Berlin Wall to Oderberger Straße. After completing the work of the water company, the excavations are to be continued and, if necessary, a memorial site will be set up.

The train station as a film location

Locomotive 52 2163 during the filming in November 1977

In the second week of November 1977, the station was the filming location for the NBC series Holocaust . The deportation from the Warsaw Ghetto in 1942/43 was shown. The station building on Bernauer Strasse was converted into a ward clinic, which in the film was referred to as "ward clinic" in the English version. Interior shots of the building can be seen in the film. The steam locomotive 52 2163-5 with an old boiler from the Wustermark depot was used . If you look carefully at the film, you will notice the UIC car numbers on the type Gbkr freight cars. These car numbers have only existed since 1964 and therefore do not correspond to the historical circumstances.

In the 1989 film " Wedding " made by Heiko Schier , the former train station area was one of the main locations and locations.

gallery

Web links

Commons : Bahnhof Berlin Eberswalder Straße  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Peter Bley: Berliner Nordbahn - 125 years of the Berlin – Neustrelitz – Stralsund railway. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933254-33-7 , p. 15.
  2. ^ A b Government and Building Councilor Bathmann, The development of railway systems in the north of Berlin since 1890. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung, Volume LIII (1903), pp. 284–292.
  3. ^ A b c Peter Bley: Berliner Nordbahn - 125 years of the Berlin – Neustrelitz – Stralsund railway. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933254-33-7 , pp. 16-17.
  4. ^ Peter Bley: Berliner Nordbahn - 125 years of the Berlin – Neustrelitz – Stralsund railway. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933254-33-7 , pp. 29-30.
  5. ↑ Timetable from June 16, 1892, printed in: Peter Bley: Berliner Nordbahn - 125 Years of the Berlin – Neustrelitz – Stralsund Railway. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933254-33-7 , p. 46.
  6. ^ Government and Building Councilor Bathmann, The development of the railway systems in the north of Berlin since 1890. (End) In: Deutsche Bauzeitung, Volume LIII (1903), p. 480.
  7. ^ Peter Bley: Berliner Nordbahn - 125 years of the Berlin – Neustrelitz – Stralsund railway. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933254-33-7 , p. 32.
  8. ^ Peter Bley: Berliner Nordbahn - 125 years of the Berlin – Neustrelitz – Stralsund railway. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933254-33-7 , p. 63.
  9. ↑ News in brief - Railway . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 2 , 2016, p. 30 .
  10. ↑ GDR escape tunnel discovered at Berlin Mauerpark. In: Der Tagesspiegel . January 11, 2018, accessed February 10, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Berliner Verkehrsblätter 12/77, brief reports on page 268
  12. ↑ Holocaust, The History of the Weiss Family, 4 DVD's, Polyband 2009, DVD 3 from 1 hour 22 minutes
  13. ↑ Ekkehard Knörer, When Wedding was still mangy and Piet Klocke played jazz . In: taz , 19. December 2019