Berlin Hamburger Bahnhof
| Hamburger Bahnhof | |
|---|---|
 Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin
|
|
| Data | |
| Location in the network | Terminus |
| Design | Terminus |
| opening | October 15, 1846 |
| Conveyance | October 14, 1884 |
| Architectural data | |
| Architectural style | classicism |
| architect |
Friedrich Neuhaus Ferdinand Wilhelm Holz |
| location | |
| City / municipality | Berlin |
| Place / district | Moabit |
| country | Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 31 '42 " N , 13 ° 22' 20" E |
| Railway lines | |
| Railway stations in Berlin | |
Berlin Hamburger Bahnhof is a former Berlin train station , which at the time was the starting point for the Berlin-Hamburg Railway . The building is on Invalidenstrasse in the Moabit district .
The former station building is the only one of the major Berlin terminal stations that has been preserved . It dates from the 1840s, making it one of the oldest train station buildings in Germany. The building, kept in the late classicist style, was designed by Friedrich Neuhaus and Ferdinand Wilhelm Holz . In 1884 the station was closed to passenger traffic and traffic was relocated to the neighboring Lehrter station .
The reception building has been used as a museum since the beginning of the 20th century. There, the Berlin's National Gallery is part of the Museum of Contemporary accommodated that with more than 261,000 visitors (as of 2015) is one of the most successful homes for contemporary art. In addition to the exhibition rooms, there is a bookshop and a restaurant run by Sarah Wiener in the building. Numerous other cultural uses have now been established in the area. The building is now owned by CA Immo Deutschland (previously: Vivico).
Construction stages
The structure was built between 1846 and 1847 according to plans by Friedrich Neuhaus, Technical Director of the Berlin-Hamburg Railway Company , and the architect Ferdinand Wilhelm Holz. It is located northeast of the former Lehrter Bahnhof (today: Berlin Hauptbahnhof ) in the immediate vicinity of the Charité .
At the beginning of 1870, the station had two high arched gates as passageways for the locomotives, which were moved to a turntable in front of the building .
In 1851, the Berlin connecting line from Stettiner Bahnhof via Hamburger Bahnhof to the other Berlin terminal stations Potsdamer Bahnhof , Anhalter Bahnhof and on to Frankfurter Bahnhof (later: Schlesischer Bahnhof) started operations.
A transfer table to move the locomotives was installed in 1870, making the gates superfluous. In the same year, the connecting line running at street level was demolished because it had become a traffic obstacle. In place of the demolished station hall, the new exhibition hall that still exists today was built when the museum opened in 1906. Between 1911 and 1916, two wings were built as extensions to the street and in between the present-day courtyard.
From 1990 to 1996 the last renovation or extension to date for the Museum für Gegenwart was carried out according to plans by Josef Paul Kleihues . The extension building to the right of the large hall with a length of 80 meters comes from Kleihues.
history
Opening as a train station
In 1841, Berlin and Hamburg decided by state treaty to build a railway line between the two cities. Five years later, on October 15, 1846, the maiden voyage to Hamburg took place. The station was still under construction at the time, so you drove out of a goods shed. During the construction of the station, the boggy building site had to be heaped up with sand and the Spree Canal moved north. With the creation of the rail network, the Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal and the Humboldthafen were built by 1859 in order to improve the connection between the rail network and the water network. The completion of the station could be celebrated in 1847.
Re-use freight yard
On October 14, 1884, after only 37 years of operation, the station was shut down, as the nearby Lehrter station now also took over travel to Hamburg. The forecourt was redesigned and the closed south side of the hall was given an outside staircase . However, the freight railway area behind the station remained as an offshoot of the Lehrter freight station until the end of the 1980s, especially since the West Berlin container station of the Hamburger and Lehrter freight station (HuL) was built on the Lehrter freight railway area , which is used for container goods handling with two large gantry cranes . Numerous forwarding companies have settled on the grounds of the Hamburg freight yard, and they continued to operate even after this part of the Hamburg and Lehrter freight yard was closed. Its gantry cranes for moving containers were dismantled in 2007.
Building and Transport Museum
In 1904, a decree issued by the Prussian railway minister, the minister of public works, Hermann von Budde , to the railway authorities asked for items to be reported that seemed suitable for equipping a railway museum. On December 14, 1906, the Royal Construction and Transport Museum , later the Transport and Construction Museum (also known as the Locomotive Museum ), opened in the reception building . Industrial and technical developments were to be shown in a unified collection. The collection should also give civil servants, students and professionals an opportunity to learn and further develop. It is thus a forerunner of today's technology museum in Berlin. The museum proved to be a crowd puller from the start. As the collection continued to grow, the two-storey left wing was built between 1909 and 1911. The twin wing on the right followed in 1914–1916.
In 1944 the building suffered severe damage during World War II , but large parts of the collection were preserved. Only fragments of the large 1:33 scale model railroad remained after it was looted and are now in the collection of the German Museum of Technology . After the war, the building was transferred to the Deutsche Reichsbahn as a railway operations facility. The locked building was not available to the public. Dedicated Reichsbahner, however, managed to preserve the building and exhibits as best they could. The Deutsche Reichsbahn could or did not want to do anything with the museum, as its rights in the western part of Berlin were limited to transport tasks due to Allied regulations.
Lease to Berlin, transport museums and museum for the present
In 1984 the Berlin Senate signed a lease agreement with the property owner, Deutsche Bahn, to make the building usable again. After the first security work, the Hamburger Bahnhof could be visited again for a short time from April 8, 1984.
The exhibits of the Transport and Construction Museum were handed over to the Transport Museum Dresden and the German Museum of Technology Berlin and are now partially on display there. On the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Berlin in 1987, the Hamburger Bahnhof was used as a museum for the first time in 40 years with the exhibition Reise nach Berlin . Comprehensive renovation work was then carried out before the building was reopened on November 2, 1996 under the new name Hamburger Bahnhof - Museum für Gegenwart as an exhibition space for contemporary art.
The freight yard was rebuilt in 2004 by the architects Kühn Malvezzi . They were given the name Rieckhallen and contain parts of the Friedrich Christian Flick Collection .
Since January 1, 1994, the Hamburger Bahnhof has belonged to the Federal Railroad Fund, a federal special fund that has no legal capacity. In 1996 the Eisenbahnimmobilien Management GmbH (EIM) was founded. This became Vivico Real Estate GmbH in March 2001 . Both GmbHs belonged to 94.99 percent of the federal railway assets and 5.01 percent to the federal government. On December 4, 2007, Vivico Real Estate was sold to the Austrian CA Immobilien AG following a bidding process for EUR 1.03 billion.
In 2020 it became known that the Austrian CA Immobilien AG would not renew the lease and would demolish the Rieckhallen in order to build residential buildings there.
See also
- Berlin Hamburger and Lehrter station - container station from 1980
- Hamburg Berliner Bahnhof - the counterpart at the other end of the line was in operation from 1857 to 1903.
literature
- Friedrich Hoffmann: The station of the Berlin-Hamburg railway in Berlin . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Vol. VI (1856), Sp. 487–496, plates 54–59. Digitized
- Brüstlein: The new transport and construction museum in Berlin . In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , vol. 26 (1906), pp. 648–650. Digitized
- Christine von Brühl: The Hamburger Bahnhof . 2. revised Aufl. Homilius, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931121-52-6 (= The historical place . No. 53).
- Cornelia Dörries : The Hamburger Bahnhof . Berlin Edition, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8148-0028-1 (= Berlin Views . Vol. 18).
- Günther Kühne: Long-distance and S-Bahn stations. In: Architects u. Ingenieur-Verein zu Berlin (Ed.): Berlin and its buildings - Part 10, Bd. B. Systems and buildings for traffic II: Long-distance traffic . Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-433-00945-7 .
- Holger Steinle : A train station on the siding. The former Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin and its history . Silberstreif, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-924091-00-5 .
- Britta Schmitz, Dieter Scholz: Hamburger Bahnhof: Museum für Gegenwart Berlin . Munich, Prestel, 2002 (2nd edition), ISBN 3-7913-1713-X .
- Eckard Schinkel: The founding history of the Transport and Construction Museum in Berlin (1879–1906) in the shadow of the Deutsches Museum . In: Technikgeschichte , Vol. 74 (2007), H. 4, pp. 335–355.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eisenbahndirektion Mainz (Ed.): Official Journal of the Royal Prussian and Grand Ducal Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz of July 9, 1904, No. 35. Announcement No. 364, p. 440.
- ↑ Uwe Nussbaum: Railway models. Treasures from the Transport and Construction Museum . Nicolai, Berlin 1998, ISBN 978-3-87584-694-2 , pp. 166-167 .
- ↑ German Bundestag printed paper 18/11390 from 07.03.2017. Retrieved June 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Eugen Blume: Contemporary Art in Berlin: Save the Rieckhallen! In: FAZ.NET . ISSN 0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed June 20, 2020]).
- ↑ Color rush at the Hamburger Bahnhof. Retrieved June 20, 2020 .