Victoria City
The Berlin location Victoriastadt , also known as Kaskelkiez after Kaskelstrasse, which runs straight through the area, is a residential area in the Rummelsburg district in the southwest of the Lichtenberg district . The name "Victoria City" is an expression of the close connection that existed with the United Kingdom under its regent Queen Victoria at the end of the 19th century .
As a historic workers' settlement , the Victoriastadt has strongly shaped the traditional image of old Berlin from the early days . The poet and draftsman Heinrich Zille spent five years of his life here and incorporated many impressions from the area into his studies and drawings.
A large part of the residential development, some with coach houses and small workshops in the backyards, has been preserved and forms a closed ensemble. After 1990, the entire area was almost completely redeveloped in accordance with the listed building standards.
location
The quarter has around 3500 inhabitants (as of the end of 2007) and an area of 22.3 hectares .
The Victoriastadt is completely surrounded by railway lines, in the alignment of which the buildings were fitted. Apart from Kynaststrasse in the southwest, it can only be reached through underpasses. The route of the Ostbahn also divides Nöldnerstrasse in the south from the rest of the area.
Pfarrstrasse, Marktstrasse and Nöldnerstrasse are among the most famous streets in this residential area. In the east, the Weitlingkiez adjoins the Victoriastadt, in the west the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district . In the north is the residential area Frankfurter Allee Süd , in the south there are other parts of Rummelsburg.
history
In 1871 the brothers Anton and Albert Lehmann, Rummelsburg wool and plush goods manufacturers, bought the entire site. After they founded Cement Bau AG in 1871 together with Albert Protzen, also a factory owner, they had the area parceled out . The foundation stone for the Victoria City Colony was laid in 1872. Lively construction activity began from Kietzer Landweg (since the 1950s: Nöldnerstrasse); apartments had to be created quickly and inexpensively for the workers in the factories being built in Rummelsburg and Friedrichsfelde. However, no investments were made in urban development, so there were no water, electricity or gas connections in the first few years. Only a community cistern served as a water dispenser .
The Berliner Bau AG Cement proven due to a shortage of bricks new Baugemische of cement, sand and slag for the production of complete house parts, the cast concrete method . The German civil engineer Alexis Riese got to know this monolithic construction method during a stay in England . Cement-Bau AG initially carried out a trial construction. From this test building, Türrschmidt developed different house types with neoclassical style elements, which were then gradually built here between 1871 and 1875. They were two- or three-story buildings with standardized dimensions in terms of building lengths and depths, room sizes, wall thicknesses, room heights, window and door openings, even the chimneys. A total of between 48 and 70 such houses are said to have been built. These buildings were not very popular with tenants, probably because of the inadequate sanitary facilities, so the buildings had to be modernized later. Most of the houses have not survived the course of time, some have been changed in color, design or the interior significantly. In 1981 the architects Armin Niemeyer and Ernst Kanow counted 15 such houses.
After the streets were first laid out, they were given names after German poets, philosophers or composers: Kaskelstraße was called Kantstraße , the section from Pfarrstraße to Marktstraße was named Schillerstraße , Kernhofer Straße was called Goethestraße , Spittastraße (named after the German architect Max Spitta ) was entered on the maps with Lessingstrasse and Geusenstrasse was Mozartstrasse . Türrschmidtstrasse, named after Albrecht Türrschmiedt (1821–1871), ceramist and building scientist and significantly involved in the development of concrete houses, bore this name from the start. Originally there was still a Huberstraße, which ran parallel to Kaskelstraße in an extension of the north side of today's Tuchollaplatz to the west.
From 1876 onwards, in addition to these houses, which were still separate at the time, other residential buildings were built, but traditionally bricked, and eventually formed closed streets. Until the end of the 1880s, the built-up area was limited to the space between today's Pfarrstrasse (including the land on its west side) to the west of today's Geusenstrasse. It was not until the 1890s that today's Tuchollaplatz and the eastern part of Victoria City were built on.
The area of the Colonie Victoriastadt came in 1889 to the municipality of Boxhagen-Rummelsburg . The border with the neighboring municipality of Lichtenberg ran at Kuhgraben north of Kaskelstrasse. The moat begins in a spring meadow area in the Lichtenberg district at the level of Wartenberger Straße and the embankment area in Kietzer Weg. The Kuhgraben, a small river, took up the sewage from the first settlers and led them to the Rummelsburger See. In 1897 sewer pipes were laid and this trench was filled in. At the end of the 19th century, the area on Lichtenberger Flur north of the Kuhgraben was still undeveloped, after which development began there too.
Around 1900 Heinrich Zille lived with his young family for five years, first on Türrschmidtstrasse, then on what is now Geusenstrasse.
The surrounding railway lines were laid on dams in 1902 and corresponding bridges and viaducts were built. In 1912 Boxhagen-Rummelsburg and with it the Victoriastadt came to the municipality of Lichtenberg. The western part of the area was built on in the 1920s with the Knorr-Bremse company expansion site .
In World War II, only a few houses in the area were destroyed. As a result, a largely closed Gründerzeit ensemble has been preserved. By resolution of the then Lichtenberg administration, the first complex repair and modernization of the residential buildings in this area began in 1982. In order to continue to safeguard the historical character of this area, the district administration of Lichtenberg issued a conservation ordinance Kaskelstrasse / Victoriastadt in 2004 , which contains detailed specifications for renovation measures. From 2004 onwards, with the support of the federal-state redevelopment program for urban monument protection, the restoration of the five slag-concrete houses that were still preserved , which are located in Nöldnerstrasse, Türrschmidtstrasse and Spittastrasse.
Notable streets and squares (selection)
Tuchollaplatz
The triangular Tuchollaplatz with an area of 1150 square meters was named Victoriaplatz in its layout . It was used early on to hold weekly markets and was therefore not green. In 1951 it was renamed after the resistance fighters Felix and Käthe Tucholla . Over the decades it has undergone multiple redesigns, most recently in 2001 based on concepts by landscape architect Regina Poly for 1.8 million marks . In the square there is a junction box , cast iron candelabra and an emergency water pump .
Only the houses on the north side of the square have Tuchollaplatz as an address, the south side belongs to Türrschmidt and the west side to Geusenstraße.
Türrschmidtstrasse
The Türrschmidtstrasse has had her name since 1873. After 1945, the Lichtenberg administration renamed it Felix-Tucholla-Strasse . However, this was not approved by the Berlin magistrate .
Around 2000 the district administration had a playground built on the corner of Türrschmidt and Kernhofer Strasse; In 2002, the plastic ring stadiums by Jenny Brockmann were erected on it as the first public work of art in the residential area . The three rings made of untreated steel represent the past, present and future.
A wing of the first town hall of Rummelsburg has been preserved at Türrschmidtstraße 25/26 at the corner of Stadthausstraße . It was completed before the railway tracks were laid on dams, so that a passage had to be created through the town hall in order to maintain the connection to the later Nöldnerstraße. This passage was then called Rathausstrasse . After Boxhagen-Rummelsburg was incorporated into Lichtenberg in 1912, the town hall lost its function and the street has been called Stadthausstraße since then. In February 1945 a bomb destroyed most of this building, and the remaining wing was simply restored. In 1960 the house was added to what was left of the old foundation walls, but it was never completed. These structures were extensively restored from 2003 to 2006 and have since served as quarters for a number of social projects and the Lichtenberg local history museum , which was previously located in the Parkaue near the city park and Lichtenberg town hall .
To commemorate the listed railway bridge over Stadthausstrasse, which was replaced by a new building, a memorial was erected in 2006 from twelve cast-iron bridge supports of the Hartung pillar type on the green space at the corner of Stadthausstrasse and Türrschmidtstrasse.
Pfarrstrasse
The name Pfarrstraße originally belonged to a street in the area of the municipality of Lichtenberg in a north-south direction from Frankfurter Allee to the administrative border with Boxhagen-Rummelsburg am Kuhgraben . Today the vacant lots in the street and the name of an inn set up in a coach house remind of this body of water. The southern part of today's Pfarrstrasse, formerly part of Boxhagen-Rummelsburg, (until 1938: Schillerstrasse ) was integrated into the new Pfarrstrasse. Now, until 1972, it extended from Frankfurter Allee to Marktstrasse.
With the development of the Frankfurter Allee Süd area in the area of the former Friedrichsberg , the northern part (running behind the railway lines) was removed and continued as Schulze-Boysen-Straße . The house numbers 1–86 are therefore missing in today's Pfarrstrasse.
Most of the listed tenement houses in the neighborhood are on this densely built-up street, with varied stucco facades , different heights and often still-preserved buildings in the courtyard.
In the first years after the Second World War, a band of robbers drove their mischief in this area, especially in the Pfarrstrasse, the Gladow gang , which, however, was soon caught by the police.
In 1982 DEFA shot the musical film Zille und ick in Pfarrstrasse on the occasion of Heinrich Zille's 125th birthday .
In 1982, the Lichtenberg district administration began renovating the houses, which were then demolished after the fall of the Wall . Squatters "conquered" this street; In February 1998, the last occupied house in Berlin was evacuated by the police at Pfarrstrasse 104. After that, the renovation was continued and the modernized apartments are popular again.
Kaskelstrasse
The street was named in 1947 after the lawyer and Berlin local politician Carl John Walter Kaskel (1882–1928). It was previously called Kantstrasse from the 19th century until 1937 , and Nowackstrasse between 1937 and 1946 . Some of the residential buildings in this street - which crosses Victoria City from west to east - are listed as historical monuments. At the east end of the street there is a narrow passage that allows walking access to the Nöldnerplatz S-Bahn station.
On a city map from 1946, Kaskelstraße is shown as Kowalkestraße , but this renaming after the anti-fascist Alfred Kowalke did not come into play.
In the 1950s, a memorial plaque was attached to the house at 41 Kaskelstrasse for the couple Käthe and Felix Tucholla , who lived here and were executed by the National Socialists in 1943 . The initiator of this board was the committee of the anti-fascist resistance fighters of the GDR . Presumably because of the incorrect spelling of Käthe's first name, the board was replaced with a new one in 1976.
The address Kaskelstraße 55 is a former railway area that the Lockkunst association has been using since 2004. It offers the actors acting together as BLO ateliers (BLO - Betriebswerk Berlin Lichtenberg Ost) such as an art fitter , theater makers, furniture designers, photographers, ceramists and other inexpensive ateliers. Use is regulated by a fixed-term rental agreement with Deutsche Bahn until 2024 . Since 2018 there have been political initiatives to secure this largest community of handicraft, art, culture, social and sustainable initiatives in the long term. Celebrities like Rainald Grebe , Hajo Schumacher , Milan Peschel appear publicly as supporters. In December 2019, Gregor Gysi also spoke out in favor of maintaining the project during a visit.
Nöldnerstrasse
The former Kietzer Landweg was renamed Prinz-Albert-Straße around 1900 , and from 1947 the street was given its current name after the anti-fascist resistance fighter Erwin Nöldner .
The most striking building on this street is the Church of the Redeemer .
In 1997/1998, a block of flats was built directly on the S-Bahn line (corner of Nöldner- / Karlshorster Strasse) with crooked concrete slabs being hung as a stylistic device. This building, which was also called Victoriahaus in the course of its marketing, is considered a new landmark in this urban quarter. The architect is Werner Wöber.
Another landmark of the area is the shotgun tower , built in 1908 . Until the 1940s here, the produced molten lead Juhl & Sons seamless Bullets : Workers heated on a platform at a height of about 40 meters on the top floor of the tower lead until it was liquid, and then poured it on screens in a drop tube. In free fall, the drops of lead formed into balls that fell into a pool of water at the end of the tube. During the GDR era, the foundry buildings with the associated residential buildings at Nöldnerstrasse 15 and 16 were still used by VEB Berliner Metallguss und Modellbau , and all of the buildings are now listed .
Behind the confluence of Stadthausstrasse and Nöldnerstrasse there was a post office until the late 1990s, which is said to still have a connection to the Berlin pneumatic tube network .
A school at Nöldnerstraße 44, the former central school building for Boxhagen-Rummelsburg , built in 1890/1891 according to plans by the master carpenter and architect Rudolf Goltsch , is right next to the Erlöserkirche, opposite the shotgun factory. These are a four-story brick verblendbau with a circumferential segmental arch frieze with two wings. For some time a Protestant upper lyceum was housed here, after 1950 the educational building was used as an auxiliary school, which in 1977 was given the honorary name of Käthe and Felix Tucholla .
Since 1990 the building has been the school at the Victoria City ( elementary school ). In the period from 2006 to 2009 it will be renovated, modernized and provided with an extension in two construction phases under the direction of the architects Wilfried Kraft and Karl-Heinz Föhse. Around 3.9 million euros are available for this from the monument protection fund.
Right next to the church, at the very southeast end of the Kaskelkiez, there are some two to three-story buildings (Nöldnerstrasse 40-42) that belong to the former Auguste Viktoria Hospital and are (also) listed. This hospital became necessary because of the rapidly growing population in Victoria City and throughout Rummelsburg. Under its chief physician Wilhelm Baader , it took in the first patients in 1911. Medical aspects soon played an important role in maintaining the workforce in the factories, which is why a special department for occupational medicine was set up in this hospital in 1924, which, however, was moved to Neukölln in the 1930s .
Between 1934 and 1945 Knorr-Bremse AG owned the hospital, which primarily treated people with work-related illnesses.
After the Second World War, the clinic returned to the city of Berlin, which, on Soviet orders, set up an academy for social hygiene there from 1948 and took on further training for doctors in the following decades. Until 1990 the complex was called the Academy for Advanced Medical Education . After the political change , the Berlin branch of the Dortmund- based Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BauA) moved here.
Market street
The name of this street is said to go back to the earlier tradition of the market in Rummelsburg, where up to three million geese and approx. 300,000 piglets were sold to the population, goose fattening companies and middlemen every year. Ramps for unloading the cattle wagons were built on the railway tracks of the Eastern Railway. A goose market was held several times a week between May and December, and pigs were traded on Wednesdays. In 1903, the community officially closed this trading center because of the poor hygienic conditions, and the cattle trade then took place at the Friedrichsfelde lean cattle farm . Remnants of the loading facilities remained until the 1990s.
Upper level office economics
Right under the first house numbers (2/3) on the corner of Pfarrstraße there is a striking, newly renovated building complex. This was planned as a result of a competition by the architects Arthur Müller and Conrad Stumm and opened in 1906/1907 as the Jahn-Real progymnasium with auditorium and gymnasium, a school building for higher education. The ensemble is designed like a three-wing renaissance- like palace complex. The building, erected directly on Marktstrasse, with a rustica- decorated base and historicizing gables, portals and window frames served as a residence for the director, school servant and stoker. In the years after the First World War , the educational institution was called Jahn-Gymnasium . Between 1950 and 1990 the municipal vocational school Ilse Stöbe was located here , named after the journalist and resistance fighter Ilse Stöbe . After 1990, a total renovation in line with historic monuments could be carried out step by step.
User since the late 1990s has been the Oberstufenzentrum Bürowirtschaft II , in which office and office communication clerks are trained. On behalf of the Senate Department for Urban Development, four landscape architecture offices developed a concept for the open space design of this school ensemble in 2004, which essentially suggests public sports fields.
Victoria Center
To the west of it on the north side of the street, the Victoria Center was built in 2001 as a large shopping center in steel frame construction . The naming takes up the tradition of the district.
From the community school to the youth hostel
Opposite, close to the railway embankment (Marktstrasse 9-13), there are other historical buildings that form a uniform building complex with a shared surrounding wall consisting of a spacious school building (with 70 classrooms), gym, Catholic elementary school and adjacent fire station with hose tower . This was realized in the style of Brandenburg brick Gothic by the municipal master builder Ringel 1906-1908. In the GDR era, the buildings housed the engineering school for mechanical engineering and electrical engineering as well as a police station in the rooms of the former fire station. Parts have now been renovated and are used by the police.
The engineering school was integrated into the University of Applied Sciences for Business and Technology (FHTW) in 1990 . The electrical engineering department moved into the Marktstrasse building. With the creation of the central campus in Oberschöneweide of the facility that was converted into a university, these buildings were vacated here. The owner was the state of Berlin, which was able to win the German Youth Hostel Association (DJH) as a new user of the listed complex in September 2009 .
By 2015, the DJH invested around ten million euros in converting the main building into a barrier-free youth hotel with a capacity of 445 beds. The renovation and renovation work was originally supposed to cost only six million euros, but this became more expensive over time and led to delays in the opening date. A new way of financing this project was chosen: the non-profit operating company Jugendherberge Berlin Ostkreuz gGmbH was founded by the main association and nine regional associations . On April 4, 2014 the groundbreaking ceremony took place for the renovation of the main building, in which Berlin's largest youth hostel is to open in spring 2016. The neighboring administration building is to become a seminar house. The two-story gymnasium is occasionally used for performances by a youth theater . The Strahl Theater would like to set up its new headquarters there. The financing of the renovation in accordance with the fire protection regulations was not secured for a long time.
Finally, on August 23, 2015, the topping-out ceremony was celebrated in the presence of 80 celebrities. The rooms will accommodate between two and up to six people. A dining room and kitchen take care of the guests. In addition, there are 18 seminar rooms for workshops and courses as well as an auditorium with space for a maximum of 180 visitors. The operating company advertises the new overnight accommodation with the note "Berlin's largest youth hostel".
Knorr brake
At the western end of Marktstrasse at the corner of Hirschberger Strasse is the Knorr-Bremse AG extension built between 1922 and 1927 by Alfred Grenander , with an eight-story tower added in 1953.
Administrative, industrial and commercial buildings in Victoria City
Together with the residential buildings, a street cleaning depot was initially built in the northern arch of the railway lines, and later the municipal gas station (behind the block of houses of the former Knorr-Bremse, VEB Berliner Bremsenwerk in GDR times ), all of the gas station's buildings were removed after 1990. A larger wing with several wings and a tower-like structure were built for this purpose by 1996 and connected with the former buildings of the Berlin brake works with two covered passages. The entire complex is used by the Deutsche Rentenversicherung , on the ground floor there are small shops or service providers.
In 1913, a branch of the municipal employment office was set up in Schreiberhauer Strasse . In 1920 a school sports field was built and in 1952 a single-storey building was built to serve as a casino / cultural facility for the employees of the Berlin brake factory and other companies . It was demolished when the Victoria Center was built.
At the eastern end of Hauffstrasse was the Eiswerke Lichtenberg (North German Ice Works) , which produced and delivered long ice blocks for the ice cabinets of the time until 1979 . The buildings were then converted into residential houses.
At Kernhofer Straße 16, in the courtyard of an apartment building that was destroyed in World War II, a former carpentry workshop, which is now a listed building and was built around 1895, has been preserved.
In the courtyards of the tenement houses there were and are numerous small craft businesses that work for the living environment.
Traffic situation
In 1885, the city of Berlin and the Neue Berliner Pferdebahn-Gesellschaft signed a contract for the construction of a horse-drawn tram through Boxhagener Strasse and the Victoria city to Rummelsburg. Although construction was to begin in October 1887 at the latest, Neue Berliner never implemented the project and was later released from her duties. The said connection was not put into operation until December 5, 1907 by route 76 of the Great Berlin Tram . The Transport and Urban Development Committee of the municipality of Boxhagen-Rummelsburg also had a say in the implementation and the layout of the lines . The route led from Frankfurter Allee through Boxhagener Strasse , Marktstrasse, Türrschmidtstrasse, Rathausstrasse, Prinz-Albert-Strasse and Neue Prinz-Albert-Strasse (from 1909: Lückstrasse), where the final stop was. Since the span of the Rathausstrasse bridge was not sufficient, this section was not a single track. From October 9, 1910, the cars coming from Boxhagener Strasse therefore drove from Marktstrasse through the Karlshorster Strasse underpass to Prinz-Albert-Strasse, while the cars in the opposite direction used the old route. A week later, the 26 to Tegel added to the offer. In 1912, the extension to Lichtenberg-Friedrichsfelde station went into operation, which was served by lines 77 and 78. Both lines traveled the route in opposite directions in a large loop. By 1923, these three lines were closed again due to hyperinflation . The 76 initially ended at Victoriaplatz and was extended in 1928 over the existing line towards Lichtenberg-Friedrichsfelde station. From 1924 on, the 113 from Moabit also drove , the end of which was temporarily on Lückstraße or at Lichtenberg-Friedrichsfelde train station. Also in 1928, the extension of line 13 from Karlshorster Strasse to the Klingenberg power station , which touches Victoria City, went into operation. After the Second World War, most of the lines were rearranged.
While line 13 between Kraftwerk Klingenberg and Türrschmidtstrasse at the corner of Karlshorster Strasse went back into operation on February 25, 1946 and its continuation via Boxhagener Strasse on April 1, 1946, the connection through Victoria City to Lichtenberg station was still four years away. From May 1, 1950, the new line 14 took over this section. Just three years later, on March 27, 1953, it was converted to trolleybus operation. This line O30 was switched to bus (line 30) in early 1973. Line 43 was later added from Nöldnerplatz through the Hans-Loch district to Marzahn station . The entire bus network was restructured on June 2, 1991 after reunification and the three-digit line numbers that are still valid today were introduced.
After 1990, when the building for the German pension insurance was rebuilt, Kaskelstrasse was drawn to the embankment, Schreiberhauer Strasse was extended and led to Hauffstrasse.
Currently (as of January 2020) the following public transport links open up the Victoriastadt: the S-Bahn lines S5, S7, S75 at Nöldnerplatz station and the S3 line at Rummelsburg station . The Ostkreuz train station is located on the outskirts of Victoria City and is served by the S41, S42, S8 and S85 lines in addition to the lines mentioned. In addition, bus line 240 runs through Marktstrasse and Nöldnerstrasse , bus route 194 through Hauptstrasse and Nöldnerstrasse and night bus N94, as well as tram line 21 through Marktstrasse and Hauptstrasse. Bus route 396 ends at Nöldnerplatz. A traffic count in 2004 showed one average daily traffic volume of 25,100 vehicles, mostly in through traffic.
literature
- Christine Steer: Rummelsburg with the Victoriastadt . be.bra-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-8148-0181-0 .
- Jan Feustel : Walks in Lichtenberg . Haude and Spener, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7759-0409-3 , pp. 70–85 ( Everyone builds according to his nose ).
Web links
- Homepage of the Victoriastadt
- City tour through the Victoria city
- Lichtenberg Museum in the town house
- 33 pictures with details from the neighborhood
- Entries in the Berlin State Monument Database with further information: Jahn Realprogymnasium ,School and fire station in Marktstrasse ,Shot ball tower and houses at Nöldnerstrasse 15 and 16 ,School Nöldnerstrasse 44 ,former hospital in Nöldnerstrasse ,'Slag concrete structures' in Spittastraße 38a and 40 ,first cast concrete house in Nöldnerstraße 19 ,Cast concrete house in Türrschmidtstrasse 17 ,former townhouse bridge ,Factory building in Kernhofer Strasse 16
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument ensemble Pfarr- / Kaskel- / Kernhofer Straße in the Berlin monument database
- ↑ Map showing the monument areas and monuments within the scope of the BVV Lichtenberg Conservation Ordinance ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ↑ a b Victoriastadt on the green meadow . In: Neues Deutschland , January 7, 1982.
- ^ Hans Erdmann: 100 year old concrete houses in Lichtenberg . In: Berliner Zeitung , 28./29. March 1981
- ^ The Victoria city on a Berlin city map from 1907
- ^ Map of Berlin and the surrounding area, Verlag FA Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1899 ( Memento of the original from January 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at alt-berlin.info
- ^ Preservation Ordinance of BVV Lichtenberg
- ↑ Victoriaplatz . In: Luise.
- ↑ Tuchollaplatz. In: Luise.
- ↑ Türrschmidtstrasse. In: Luise.
- ↑ Heavy art . In: Berliner Zeitung , October 8, 2002.
- ↑ a b suburbs> Boxhagen-Rummelsburg> . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1910, V (At that time the administration was called the “collegial parish council” because it was only chaired by the mayor and a “paid lay judge”; the other members were “5 unpaid lay judges”).
- ↑ History of Tuchollaplatz with photos ( Memento of the original from November 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Redesign of Tuchollaplatz ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at the Senate Department for Urban Development
- ↑ BVV Lichtenberg with information on the historical development of the Victoriastadt ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Where Zille once drew . In: BZ am Abend , October 21, 1982
- ↑ Kaskelstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ City map of Richard-Schwarz-Verlag, 1946 ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at alt-berlin.info
- ↑ Käthe Tucholla memorial plaque at the Luisenstadt Educational Association
- ↑ BLO - Ateliers Berlin. In: BLO studios. Retrieved April 8, 2016 .
- ↑ Article in the Berliner Woche about prominent supporters of the BLO studios
- ↑ Stefan Bartylla: Berlin-Lichtenberg: Gregor Gysi wants to help the BLO studios . Abendblatt-berlin.de. December 18, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
- ↑ Prinz-Albert-Strasse . In: Luise.
- ↑ Nöldnerstrasse. In: Luise.
- ↑ Homepage Atelier für Baukunst / Architect Werner Wöber : The building Nöldnerstrasse 1–7 can be found under No. 63 of the references as a social housing . Retrieved May 12, 2015.
- ↑ Info from a construction site sign in front of the school in 2008
- ↑ Annual report of BVV Lichtenberg (PDF; 2.9 MB). On p. 128 information on the expenses for the renovation in 2008/2009 (= 300,000 euros), which were made available by the Senate Department for Urban Development with funds from the monument protection. Retrieved February 5, 2010
- ↑ Information board in the Lichtenberg Local History Museum for the Auguste Viktoria Hospital
- ↑ Christine Steer: Rummelsburg with the Victoriastadt . be.bra-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-8148-0181-0 , p. 46.
- ↑ a b c d Concept for the open spaces of the Marktstraße school center (PDF; 3.6 MB)
- ↑ The memorial becomes a hostel. Engineering school is to be converted into a youth hostel. In: Berliner Woche , local edition Lichtenberg from January 20, 2010.
- ↑ Torsten Gellner: Bring the toilets into the room. Fewer beds, more comfort: the youth hostel organization is committed to modernization . In: Märkische Allgemeine , December 30, 2009.
- ↑ Iris Brennberger: Youth Hostel in Berlin - A hostel for millions. In: Berliner Zeitung , April 4, 2014.
- ↑ Construction diary of the Berlin Ostkreuz Youth Hostel ( Memento of the original from December 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Karolina Wrobel: Start of construction for the capital's largest youth hostel. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Berliner Woche , local edition Lichtenberg from April 10, 2014
- ↑ Samantha Redmer: Theater wants to go to Lichtenberg. In: Berliner Abendblatt , September 14, 2014.
- ↑ Topping- out ceremony for Berlin's largest youth hostel . In: Berliner Woche , Lichtenberg edition, August 26, 2015, p. 4.
- ^ Hans-Joachim Pohl: The new Berlin horse-drawn railway company. The traffic development of Weißensee and Lichtenberg (part 1) . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Issue 1, 1986, pp. 2-11 .
- ^ A b Heinz Jung, Wolfgang Kramer: Line chronicle of the Berlin tram 1902–1945. 49th episode . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Volume 6, 1968, pp. 91-94 .
- ^ Heinz Jung, Wolfgang Kramer: Line chronicle of the Berlin tram 1902–1945. 14th episode . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Volume 3, 1965, pp. 39-40 .
- ^ Heinz Jung, Wolfgang Kramer: Line chronicle of the Berlin tram 1902–1945. 51st episode . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 8, 1969, p. 121-123 .
- ^ Heinz Jung, Wolfgang Kramer: Line chronicle of the Berlin tram 1902–1945. 52nd episode . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 9, 1969, pp. 136-137 .
- ^ Heinz Jung, Wolfgang Kramer: Line chronicle of the Berlin tram 1902–1945. 7th episode . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 7, 1964, pp. 89-90 .
- ↑ Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer: The tram in the Berlin Transport Authority (BVG East / BVB) 1949-1991 . 2nd Edition. transpress, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-613-71063-3 , pp. 94 .
- ^ Heinz Jung, Carl-Wilhelm Schmiedecke: The trolleybus in East Berlin . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 1, 1973, pp. 1-8 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ' N , 13 ° 29' E