Lean cattle farm Friedrichsfelde
The Magerviehhof Friedrichsfelde was from 1903 to 1945, a trading center for cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and poultry in the area of Berlin . From today's perspective, the name is doubly misleading: on the one hand, the word “skinny cattle ” does not refer to the animal species, but rather stands for young cattle intended for fattening . On the other hand, the animals are usually slaughtered on a “ cattle yard ”. In its function as a pure trading center of this size, the facility remained unique in Germany. Its long area on the Wriezener Bahn, from today's S-Bahn station Friedrichsfelde Ost to today's Allee der Kosmonauten , was opened up on both sides by the railway for the transport of animals to and from.
The lean cattle farm was originally outside Berlin in Friedrichsfelde . With the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920, the site was in the Berlin district of Lichtenberg . Since 1979 it has belonged to Marzahn, today the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district . Many buildings have been preserved and have been under monument protection since 1995.
history
The Magerviehhof Friedrichsfelde was built in 1903 by the Cooperative for Cattle Utilization in Germany GmbH. By concentrating the livestock trade in a designated and suitable place, greater veterinary control of the animals and thus the containment of epidemics was sought. The functions of a slaughterhouse were expressly excluded with the exception of emergency slaughter.
The animals could be transported by train, but there was a siding that delimited the cattle yard on the left and right. In the northern part were the sewage treatment plant, the veterinary area, a slaughterhouse for emergency slaughter and the energy supply. This area was separated from the rest of the cattle yard by a curved track, creating a kind of epidemic barrier. At peak times, 24,000 horses, 104,000 cattle, 6,800 calves, 25,000 sheep, 240,000 pigs and up to 600,000 poultry were counted per year on the lean cattle farm.
With the beginning of the First World War in 1914, the lean cattle farm experienced an economic boom, as it was an ideal transshipment point for supplies to the army and the people. After the First World War, around 1921 there was a sharp decline in the number of cattle. Parts of the site were rented out of different species. During the Second World War , the Wehrmacht , especially the German Air Force , was a major tenant.
After the war, the area was confiscated by the Red Army and used as a warehouse, so that the cattle yard had to be closed. A meeting point was set up here for those arrested in the uprising of June 17, 1953 .
When the NVA was founded , it took over the site. It was still used as a warehouse and repair center. The military parade for the GDR's birthday was prepared on this site.
Track systems
The historic route of the Wriezener Bahn has passed the area of the lean cattle farm since 1898; the Tegel – Friedrichsfelde industrial line ended here. In 1903 the “Magerviehhof” passenger station was set up on the Wriezen railway line. There were also extensive facilities with numerous tracks for freight traffic.
After the end of the lean cattle farm in 1945, the passenger station of the same name was no longer used, and the trains now ran through without stopping. In 1971 the through traffic was shifted to another route. Since then, the route no longer leads north on the Wriezener Bahn, but on the Berlin outer ring . According to a track plan from 1983, the area had become the “Magerviehhof goods loading point”, all tracks were still there. Only later did the southern port for was Ostbahn at S-Bahnhof Friedrichsfelde Ost cut. As a result, the former through line has become a branch line for freight traffic that can only be used from the north and begins at the northeast freight station .
The route, which used to be several kilometers long, can still be used today for almost its entire length. Only in the last 300 meters in the south is the continuous track interrupted several times.
The track systems on the premises of the lean cattle yard are still partially available. A siding is still being operated for the Lichtenberg thermal power station and a gravel works.
Current usage
During the GDR era, the property was divided, and it still exists today: the southern part remained with the Ministry of National Defense . It was assigned to the regional finance directorate in 1994 and has been idle since 1996.
The northern area remained an industrial area and was taken over by the Treuhandliegenschaftsgesellschaft (TLG) after the fall of the Wall . Some areas of the complex were placed under monument protection in 1995. The planning provides for a commercial area with small-scale use. Historic building fabric should be preserved. In 2009 the wild growth of trees and bushes was cleared.
In 2013, extensive renovation work was carried out on the “Alte Börse” and “Güterstation” buildings in the “Alte Börse Marzahn” ensemble. Various buildings were restored and repaired for five million euros. Marzahn's first brewery (Marzahner Börsenbräu) was located on the site. Artists from the vacated Kunsthaus Tacheles have also found a new home here.
literature
- District Office Marzahn of Berlin, Lower Monument Protection Authority, in cooperation with the Friends of the District Museum Marzahn e. V. (Hrsg.): The monuments in Berlin - Marzahn district: Biesdorf, Friedrichsfelde Ost and Marzahn districts . Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-82-7 (coordination and editing by Anja Franziska Denker with the help of Sylvia Müller and Karoline Tereau-Friemann).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Anja Franziska Denker: Der Magerviehhof Friedrichsfelde . ( Memento of October 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.48 MB). In: The monuments in Berlin - Marzahn district. Edited by the Marzahn district office of Berlin / Lower Monument Protection Authority , 2000, ISBN 3-00-006595-4 , pp. 134–151.
- ↑ Birgitt Eltzel: Where cattle dealers speculated on the stock exchange . In: Berliner Zeitung . March 8, 2001.
- ↑ Lean cattle farm in Altfriedrichsfelde . In: The world . June 17, 2003.
- ↑ Wriezener Bahn on bahnstrecken.de.
- ↑ Andreas Hartmann: Marzahn is far from being cool . In: The daily newspaper: taz . September 6, 2013, ISSN 0931-9085 , p. 18 ( taz.de [accessed on August 28, 2019]).
- ↑ Marzahner Börsenbräu
- ^ Stefan Strauss: Tacheles in Marzahn . In: Berliner Zeitung . August 9, 2013.
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 31 ′ 30 ″ E