Walter Jockisch

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Walter Jockisch, around 1932

Walter Max Guido Jockisch (* 20th February 1907 in Arolsen , Hessen , † 22. March 1970 in Munich , Bavaria ) was a German educator , playwright , opera director and - intendant .

Family and friends

Walter Jockisch was the only child of the Royal Prussian medical officer Franz Max Louis Paul Jockisch and his wife Harriet Edeline Eugenie Melanie , born von Schlicht (* 1878 in Potsdam ; † November 7, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main). Both parents were Protestant .

Walter grew up in Gdansk for around twelve years until his family moved to Frankfurt am Main after the First World War . There he continued to attend school and made close friends with the brothers Edgar Weil (1908–1941) and Hans Joseph Weil (1906–1969), through whom he met their great cousin Grete Dispeker and their friend Doris von Schönthan around 1923/24 . He thus belonged to the circle of friends of two of Thomas Mann's children , the closely related siblings Erika and Klaus Mann .

On August 16, 1933, he married Gisela "Gi" / "Gisi" Günther (born December 4, 1905 in Vienna ; † 1985), née Schoenfeld, in Berlin-Wilmersdorf . From this marriage a daughter, Michaela "Michele" (born November 10, 1933 in Ehrwald ; from 1957 married to Richard Schenkirz) was born. With this short-term marriage, Jockisch entered into a fictitious marriage because of the impending birth of a child of his future wife, because the child did not come from him, but from a foreigner. He wanted to enable the child to be born and classified as an apparently " Aryan " child during the Nazi era .

He had met his wife at the school by the sea , where she later fell in love with the choir and orchestra conductor Eduard Zuckmayer , the older brother of the writer Carl Zuckmayer . After the divorce in 1934, Gisela Jockisch and her daughter followed Zuckmayer into Turkish exile in Ankara, where he - mediated by Paul Hindemith and at the invitation of State President Kemal Ataturk - subsequently completed the entire Turkish music teacher training in the sense of the German youth music movement to this day. However, Zuckmayer was not able to marry Gisela Jockisch until 1947 because the Nazi authorities had refused the expatriate emigrants a certificate of marital status and subsequently adopted Jockisch's daughter Michaela "Michele".

In the last months of the Second World War , Walter Jockisch was drafted into the Wehrmacht as a radio operator .

In 1946 Jockisch's childhood friend Grete Weil , née. Dispeker, who was married to his friend Edgar Weil, who was murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1941 , is visiting from her exile in the Netherlands. As they had agreed after Edgar Weil's death notification on the occasion of Jockisch's visit to the Netherlands in autumn 1941, Grete Weil lived together with Jockisch in Darmstadt from 1947; They married on February 13, 1961 in Frankfurt am Main.

“I didn't go into solitude, I went to a man who was waiting for me, my childhood friend Walter Jockisch. Since he, who had become an opera director, had never left Germany, he had a large circle of friends who soon became mine too. "

- Grete Weil

Education

Jockisch began studying German at the University of Frankfurt am Main , which he completed in 1930 with an inaugural dissertation on Andreas Gryphius and the literary baroque and his doctorate .

Professional development

Pedagogue

Jockisch initially worked as a German teacher between 1930 and 1934 at the educational reform home for rural education, Schule am Meer, founded by Martin Luserke on the East Frisian North Sea island of Juist , where he was involved in the performing game run by Luserke . Jockisch was shaped by the stage hall of the boarding school , which is unique in the Reich and from which impulses for amateur play, the youth movement and professional theater emanated in the final phase of the Weimar Republic . Luserke and Carl Zuckmayer wrote texts for compositions by Eduard Zuckmayer at the Schule am Meer . When the Schule am Meer closed in the spring of 1934 against the background of National Socialist “ Gleichschaltung ” and anti-Semitism , Jockisch reoriented itself and, in view of its opposition to National Socialism, found a politically largely neutral field of activity.

Game director and director

Between 1935 and 1937 Jockisch worked as assistant director for Walter Felsenstein and Oskar Wältin at the opera of the Städtische Bühnen in Frankfurt am Main. From 1937 to 1940 he worked under Karl Bauer at the opera and operetta of the Stadttheater in Göttingen, initially as a director, from 1938 as a senior director. Bauer took Jockisch with him to the Städtische Bühnen in Essen, where he worked from 1940 to 1944, initially as director, dramaturge and manager of the artistic management office, and from 1941 as director of the opera. At the end of the war and in the immediate post-war period, Jockisch worked again in Frankfurt am Main (1947: Igor Stravinsky / Charles Ferdinand Ramuz ' L'Histoire du Soldat ), at times probably also at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich. From 1946 to 1948 Jockisch was director of the Landestheater in the Orangery in Darmstadt, where he had previously staged as a guest (1943: Richard Strauss ' Capriccio ; 1946 Christoph Willibald Gluck's Orpheus and Eurydice ). During this time, Hans Werner Henze got to know him and his partner Grete Weil (from 1947). According to Henze's retrospective description, Jockisch was a “gaunt anthroposophical pedagogue and theater man”.

In 1948, Jockisch was appointed senior director of the opera at the Württemberg State Theaters in Stuttgart by Ferdinand Leitner , where he worked until 1950. During this period and afterwards, he staged as a guest at the stages in Kiel, again at the Landestheater Darmstadt and at the Landestheater in Hanover (1951: Richard Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg , 1952: premiere of Henze's Boulevard Solitude , for which Jockisch together with Grete Weil after Antoine-François Prévost's Histoire du chevalier Des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut wrote the libretto ).

Between 1960 and 1963 Jockisch worked under Artistic Director Hermann Christian Mettin (1910–1980) as senior director of the opera and as artistic advisor at the municipal theaters in Oberhausen, before moving to the municipal theaters in Heidelberg in 1964/65 as senior director of opera and operetta .

He continued to be active as a guest director in Darmstadt (e.g. 1964: Jacques Offenbach's Daphnis et Chloé ), at the Theater der Stadt Bonn, in Berlin in the tribune on Ernst-Reuter-Platz ( L'Histoire du Soldat ) and in Switzerland at the Lucerne City Theater . There he staged around twenty music theater productions between 1960 and 1968 under the direction of Horst Gnekow , including Richard Wagner's The Flying Dutchman in 1960 , Gluck's Orpheus and Eurydice in 1961 and the Swiss premiere of Bertolt Brecht / Kurt Weill's Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny in 1962 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro , Gaetano Donizetti's Love Potion and Jacques Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld , 1963 Giuseppe Verdi's Power of Fate , 1964 Mozart's Die Zauberflöte , 1965 Friedrich von Flotow's Martha and Carl Millöcker's Gasparone , 1966 Ferruccio Busoni's Arlecchino and Stravinsky ' The story of the soldier and in 1968 Carl Zeller's The Bird Trader .

With Gnekow, Jockisch moved to the Städtische Bühnen in Münster in 1968 , where he worked as director of the opera until his death.

Walter Jockisch fell ill with leukemia in 1969 and died the following year at the age of 63.

Correspondence with Walter Jockisch has been preserved in the estate of the set designer and theater director Wilhelm Reinking in the German Literature Archive Marbach (DLA).

Works (excerpt)

  • as Walther Jockisch: Andreas Gryphius and the literary baroque , Phil. Diss. University of Frankfurt am Main 1930 (title page)
  • ders .: The lucky children . Steyer, Wiesbaden OCLC 1145279663
  • as Walter Jockisch: Boulevard Solitude , music: Hans Werner Henze, libretto: Grete Weil, scenario: Walter Jockisch. Schott, Mainz 1976, ISBN 3-7957-3352-9

Research note

Due to the similarity of names, Walter Jockisch is often confused with the actor Walter Jokisch , who also worked as a theater director. Walter Jockisch is sometimes also spelled Walther Jockisch , for example in his own dissertation from 1930.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Birth certificate No. 9/1907 of February 25, 1907 at the Arolsen registry office; Facsimile transmitted by the Citizen Service, Public Safety and Order Department of the City of Bad Arolsen, Siegfried Butterweck, August 12, 2020
  2. ↑ Notarisation in the death register of the registry office in Munich, No. 962/1970
  3. ↑ Death book entry no.1618 from November 8, 1929 at the registry office Frankfurt am Main IV, page 430, married to the Oberregierungsmedizinalrat, doctor of medicine Franz Max Louis Paul Jockisch zu Frankfurt am Main, Holbeinstrasse 19
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Thomas Blubacher: Walter Jockisch . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theaterlexikon der Schweiz , Vol. 2. Chronos Verlag Zürich 2005, ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3 , p. 932
  5. ↑ Weil, Hans Joseph . On: juedisches-leben-in-ingenheim.de
  6. ↑ Grete Weil: Do I live when others are alive (autobiography). Nagel + Kimche, Zurich et al. 1998, ISBN 3-596-14342-X , pp. 68–72
  7. ↑ Waldemar Fromm, Wolfram Göbel, Gabriele Förg, Kristina Kargl, Elisabeth Tworek: Friends of Monacensia e. V. - Yearbook 2009 . Allitera Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-86906-038-5 , p. 87
  8. ↑ Birth register no. 460 of the evangelical rectory in Vienna-Landstrasse
  9. ^ Marriage certificate from the Berlin-Wilmersdorf registry office No. 788 of August 16, 1933, list of entries No. 859
  10. ^ Zuckmayer, Gisela . In: German National Library , on: d-nb.info
  11. ^ Letter from Walter Jockisch to the student Heinz-Günther Knolle (former pupil of the Schule am Meer on Juist) dated November 19, 1933, typewritten, unpublished; Quoted from: Facsimile from the private collection of Dr. med. Achim Knolle
  12. ↑ Irene Nawrocka (Ed.): Carl Zuckmayer: Briefwechsel , Vol. 1: Briefe 1935–1977 . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 978-3-89244-627-9 , p. 122
  13. ^ Marriage announcement from Michele and Richard Schenkirz to Carl Zuckmayer , undated 1957 . In: Carl Zuckmayer estate, German Literature Archive Marbach , inventory signature A: Zuckmayer, Carl; Accession number HS.1995.0001
  14. ^ Judith Hélène Stadler: Grete Weil - The bride price . Master's thesis, Faculty of Culture and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne 2010, p. 55 (209)
  15. ^ Eduard Zuckmayer . In: Lexicon of persecuted musicians of the Nazi era (LexM), ed. v. Institute for Historical Musicology at the University of Hamburg, at: uni-hamburg.de
  16. ↑ Barbara Trottnow: Eduard Zuckmayer - A musician in Turkey . Documentary, on: YouTube, 2:41 min.
  17. ↑ a b Grete Weil: Do I live when others are alive (autobiography). Nagel + Kimche, Zurich et al. 1998, ISBN 3-596-14342-X , pp. 236–238,241–244
  18. ↑ a b c Maria Frisé: From escape and rescue . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 98, April 28, 1998, p. 42, on: faz.net
  19. ↑ a b Peter Ahrendt: "I am a bad hater" , on: glarean-magazin.ch
  20. ↑ Peter Hölzle: With love and doggedness against forgetting . In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur , calendar sheet, May 14, 2019, on: deutschlandfunkkultur.de
  21. ↑ Grete Weil: Do I live when others are alive (autobiography). Nagel + Kimche, Zurich et al. 1998, ISBN 3-596-14342-X , pp. 77, 160-162, 178
  22. ↑ Waldemar Fromm, Wolfram Göbel, Gabriele Förg, Kristina Kargl, Elisabeth Tworek: Friends of Monacensia e. V. - Yearbook 2009 . Allitera Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-86906-038-5 , p. 96
  23. ^ Marriage certificate at the registry office in Frankfurt am Main-Mitte, No. 470/1961
  24. ↑ Grete Weil , on: literaturportal-bayern.de
  25. ↑ Grete Weil , on: kuenste-im-exil.de
  26. ↑ Waldemar Fromm, Wolfram Göbel, Gabriele Förg, Kristina Kargl, Elisabeth Tworek: Friends of Monacensia e. V. - Yearbook 2009 . Allitera Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-86906-038-5 , p. 101
  27. ↑ Grete Weil-Jockisch: Maybe, somehow ... In: Marielouise Janssen-Jurreit (Ed.): Do you love Germany? Feelings about the state of the nation . Piper Verlag, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-4920-0668-X , p. 56
  28. ↑ Dr. Walther Jockisch: Andreas Gryphius and the literary baroque (= Germanic Studies , H. 89), ed. v. Dr. Emil Ebering. Published by Emil Ebering, Berlin 1930
  29. ↑ Nicola Kaminski, Robert Schütze: Gryphius manual . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-1102-2944-8 , p. 908
  30. ^ Foundation School by the Sea : Leaves of the external community of the School by the Sea Juist , 5th circular, July 1930, p. 15
  31. ^ Foundation School by the Sea: Leaves of the outer community of the school by the sea Juist , o. No., November 1934, p. 6
  32. ^ Walter Killy: Dictionary of German Biography. Volume 10: Thiebaut - Zycha. de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-598-23290-X , p. 731.
  33. ^ Eduard Zuckmayer / Martin Luserke: Autumn cantata . From: swissbib.ch , accessed on April 23, 2017.
  34. ↑ Luserke, Martin. In: Bruno Jahn: German biographical encyclopedia of music. Volume 2: S - Z. KG Saur, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-598-11586-5 , p. 963.
  35. ↑ Deutsches Bühnen-Jahrbuch 1936 , ed. vd Fachschaft stage in the Reichstheaterkammer, pp. 342, 748
  36. ↑ Hedwig Mueller von Asow, Erich Herrmann Mueller von Asow (ed.): Kürschner's German Musicians Calendar 1954 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-1117-2167-5 , p. 560
  37. ^ Ian Pace: The Reconstruction of Post-War West German New Music during the early Allied Occupation (1945-46), and its Roots in the Weimar Republic and Third Reich (1918-45) . PhD Thesis, Cardiff University, Cardiff 2018, pp. 210, 220
  38. ^ State theater in the orangery , on: darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de
  39. ^ Hans Werner Henze: Reiselieder with Bohemian fifths - Autobiographical messages 1926-1995 . S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2015, ISBN 978-3-596-31053-1 , p. 113
  40. ↑ KF Reinking: The great claims . In: Die Zeit , No. 24 (1950), June 15, 1950, on: zeit.de
  41. ^ Ferdinand Kösters: When Orpheus sang again ... - The restart of opera life in Germany after the Second World War . Monsenstein and Vannerdat, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-86582-832-3 , p. 350
  42. ↑ a b Alison Latham (Ed.): The Oxford Companion to Music . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, ISBN 978-0-1995-7903-7 , at: oxfordreference.com
  43. ↑ As of January 1970, Dr. Walter Jockisch in the official telephone book 14, edition 1970/71, ed. vd Oberpostdirektion Frankfurt am Main, recorded for the local network Frankfurt am Main at the address Ostendstrasse 1, p. 282
  44. ^ Judith Hélène Stadler: Grete Weil - The bride price . Master's thesis, Faculty of Culture and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne 2010, p. 27
  45. ^ Reinking, Wilhelm (1896-1985) . In: German Literature Archive Marbach , on: dla-marbach.de
  46. ↑ Boulevard Solitude , on: hans-werner-henze-stiftung.de
personal data
SURNAME Jockish, Walter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jockisch, Walther; Jockisch, Walter Max Guido (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German opera director and director
DATE OF BIRTH February 20, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Bad Arolsen , Hesse
DATE OF DEATH March 22, 1970
Place of death Munich , Bavaria