Otto Hesse

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Otto Hesse, photograph around 1860

Ludwig Otto Hesse (born April 22, 1811 in Königsberg i. Pr. , † August 4, 1874 in Munich ) was a German mathematician.

Life

Hesse was born in Königsberg as the son of Johann Gottlieb Hesse (1791-1829), a businessman and brewery owner, and his wife Anna Karoline Reiter (1788-1865). He studied from 1833 to 1837 in his hometown at the Albertus University in Königsberg with Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi . In 1832 he became active in the Corps Masovia . Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel and his corps brother Friedrich Julius Richelot were also among his teachers . He also attended the physics lectures by Ludwig Moser and Franz Ernst Neumann . In 1837 he passed the senior teacher examination for mathematics and physics. After a long journey on foot through Germany, Austria and Switzerland, he taught physics and chemistry at the newly founded trade school in Königsberg. With a dissertation on Jacobi doctorate he in 1840 to Dr. phil. In the same year he completed his habilitation at the Philosophical Faculty of the Albertina. In 1841 he married Marie Sophie Emilie Dulk , eldest daughter of the pharmacist and chemistry professor Friedrich Philipp Dulk and sister of the playwright Albert Dulk . The couple had a son (who died early) and five daughters.

From 1840 on, Hesse taught initially as a private lecturer at the Albertina, and from 1845 as associate professor , initially without a state salary. In 1848, at the time of the German Revolution , he took part in the organization of Königsberg's vigilante group . In 1850 he became deputy city ​​councilor in Königsberg. He received a full professorship in 1855 at the Friedrichs University in Halle ; but already in 1856 he moved to the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg . In favor of the scientific and sociable life with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Hermann von Helmholtz and Joseph Victor von Scheffel , he limited himself to his well-attended lectures until he was finally appointed to the newly founded Polytechnic School in Munich in 1868 .

science

Scientifically, he was most productive in his time in Königsberg. Hesse was particularly concerned with analytical geometry and determinants . He introduced the Hessian matrix and its determinant and the Hessian normal form of the plane. According to Felix Klein's later judgment , the move to Heidelberg did not appeal to him: “Besides, Heidelberg was not favorable for Hesse's development. He succumbed to the charm of the Neckarstadt, which is a place of spiritual stimulation, but much less of strenuous work. [... there] he spent many a happy hour [...], but his mathematical productivity broke up. [...] In Munich he turned back to creative activity, but only with partial success. He lost the security of distinguishing right and wrong. "

progeny

Two daughters of Hesse were married one after the other to the sculptor Julius Zumbusch , and another to the Austro-Swiss Social Democrat Heinrich Scheu , brother of Andreas Scheu and Josef Franz Georg Scheu . Heinrich Scheu, in turn, was married to Anna Dulk, daughter of Albert Dulk, the brother of Hesse's wife, who died in 1877.

Honors

Fonts

His collected works were published in 1897 by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kösener corps lists 1910, 141/146
  2. ^ Directory of all members of the Corps Masovia 1823 to 2005. Potsdam 2006.
  3. ↑ Dissertation: De octo punctis intersectionis trium superficium secundi ordinis.
  4. ↑ Felix Klein: Lectures on the development of mathematics in the 19th century . In: Basic Teachings of the Mathematical Sciences. The basic teachings of the mathematical sciences in individual representations with special consideration of the areas of application . tape 24/25 . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1979, ISBN 3-540-09235-8 , The parallel development of algebra, the invariant theory, p. 159 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-67230-9 ( gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de [accessed on April 1, 2011] edition in one volume, reprint of the 1926 and 1927 editions).
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, Volume 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 112.
personal data
SURNAME Hesse, Otto
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hesse, Ludwig Otto (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH April 22, 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Koenigsberg i. Pr.
DATE OF DEATH 4th August 1874
Place of death Munich