Karl Jarres

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Karl Jarres (1925)
Karl Jarres (left) with Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell
Jarres gives his first election speech on March 18, 1925 in the Berlin Philharmonic , behind him (x) Gustav Stresemann

Karl Jarres (born September 21, 1874 in Remscheid , † October 20, 1951 in Duisburg ) was a German politician ( DVP ) in the Weimar Republic .

Life

After graduating from high school in Elberfeld , Jarres studied law in Bonn, Berlin, London and Paris. He had been a member of the Alemannia Bonn fraternity since 1894 and a member of the Alemannia Münster fraternity since 1919 . In 1897 Jarres was awarded a Dr. jur. PhD. He embarked on an administrative career and in 1901 became City Assessor at the City of Düren . In 1903 he was elected as an alderman there. In 1906 he moved to the administration of the city of Cologne and was mayor of Remscheid from 1910 to 1914 , and from 1911 mayor . He was then Lord Mayor of Duisburg from 1914 to 1933 . When he was elected mayor, he also acquired membership for the city of Duisburg in the Prussian mansion .

In 1918 the former National Liberal joined the right-wing liberal DVP. He was assigned to the right wing of the party. In the Kapp Putsch he sided with the legitimate Bauer government . At the beginning of the occupation of the Ruhr in 1923 he was expelled and, because he refused to obey, brought before a Belgian court martial and sentenced to two months in prison. After his dismissal, he was considered a "hero of the nation" because of his advocacy of the policy of passive resistance against the allied occupying powers, the so-called "policy of sacking". For the imperial government and the Prussian government he was an informant for imperial unity and an advocate of anti-separatist positions.

After the policy of passive resistance had failed, Stresemann appointed him to the Reich Cabinet as Minister. In addition to his post as mayor, he held the post of Reich Minister of the Interior and Vice Chancellor in the Stresemann II , Marx I and Marx II cabinets from 1923 to 1924 . In the 1925 presidential election, Jarres received the highest number of votes in the first ballot (10,416,658 = 38.8%), but withdrew his candidacy in the second ballot in favor of Hindenburg . Politically, he was close to Gustav Stresemann at the time . From 1920 to 1933 he was a member of the provincial assembly of the Rhine Province . This elected him in May 1921 to the newly created Prussian State Council of the Weimar Republic . He was a member of the State Council until its dissolution in 1933. In 1933 he was appointed by Hermann Göring to the newly created National Socialist Prussian State Council, of which he was a member until 1945.

As Lord Mayor of the city of Duisburg, he tried in vain to incorporate the towns of Homberg and Rheinhausen on the left bank of the Rhine , which only came to Duisburg in 1975. In a study he also suggested the formation of a Ruhr estuary town . He only achieved the incorporation of Hamborn in 1929, so that the city was briefly called Duisburg-Hamborn until 1935 .

Jarres was critical of the National Socialists: he was supposed to make the Wedau Stadium accessible for a rally of the NSDAP and refused to open it. This is said to have led to the following exchange of words with a National Socialist: “But there are an incredible number of people! [Jarres replies] You mean: a lot of weird people. "

After the National Socialists came to power, he lost all political offices and worked in business. Until his death he was chairman of the supervisory boards of several companies in the Ruhr area. He was also chairman of the supervisory board of Klöckner Werke AG , with whose owner, the industrialist Peter Klöckner , he was close friends. He was also a board member of various industrial companies such as Demag AG and head of the Schwammenauel water association, which built the Rur dam there.

In July 1945 he addressed a memorandum to the British Field Security Service. Unlike Ernst Poensgen and, above all, Walter Rohland in their writings of the same year, he openly admitted the seduction of the German population by National Socialist ideas. Alongside his competitor Adenauer, he is considered one of the "great Mayors of the Rhineland".

Karl Jarres was first buried in the family grave in Remscheid. In 1966 he was reburied in the Duisburg forest cemetery.

family

Since 1903 Jarres was married to Freya Schüll (1880-1945), the daughter of a Düren paper manufacturer. His daughter Lotte, born in 1904, later married the German art historian Herbert von Eine , and Lore, born in 1911, was called Kruse-Jarres after their marriage.

literature

  • Paul-Heinz Dünnebacke: Karl Jarres in the Empire and in the first years of the Weimar Republic , Münster, phil. Diss., 1975.
  • Paul Heinz Dünnebacke:  Jarres, Karl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 358 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Volume 3: I-L. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0865-0 , pp. 17-18.
  • Bergischer Geschichtsverein , Dept. Remscheid (ed.), Fritz Holthoff : Karl Jarres: Coining and Probation. Remscheid 1993, ISBN 3-924224-09-9
  • Jürgen D. Kruse-Jarres: Karl Jarres. An eventful political life - from the German Empire to the Federal Republic , Olzog Verlag, Munich 2006.
  • Karl Jarres: Memorandum to the Field Secret Service v. July 12, 1945 , 5 p., Haniel Archive, 400 101
  • Otto Oppermann: The Alemannia fraternity in Bonn and their predecessors; History of a German fraternity on the Rhine . Bonn 1925

Web links

Commons : Karl Jarres  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.alemannia-bonn.de/aktivitaeten/vortragsabende-seminare/vortrag-ueber-karl-jarres-am-26-januar-2008/ Lecture by Jürgen D. Kruse-Jarres - Karl Jarres (1874 - 1951 ) - from the empire to the federal republic ( memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) on the webpage of the Alemannia Bonn fraternity, accessed on April 25, 2011.
  2. ↑ Detmar Philippi: Alemanni album 1969 for the 125 foundation festival of the Alemannia student fraternity in Bonn , 1969, p. 48
  3. ^ Ernst Elsheimer (ed.): Directory of the old fraternity members according to the status of the winter semester 1927/28. Frankfurt am Main 1928, p. 230.
  4. ↑ Frank Vollmer: Revolution and Occupation , from the series - Geschichte im Rheinland in the Neuss-Grevenbroicher Zeitung from June 10, 2008, accessed on April 25, 2011.
  5. ↑ Jarres let Hindenburg go first  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de   , Rheinische Post online (July 29, 2008), accessed April 25, 2011.
  6. ^ Fritz Holthoff: Karl Jarres: Coining and Probation. Remscheid 1993, p. 139
personal data
SURNAME Jarres, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (German People's Party) in the Weimar Republic
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Remscheid
DATE OF DEATH October 20, 1951
Place of death Duisburg