Rurtalsperre
| Rurtalsperre | |||||||||||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 38 '14 " N , 6 ° 26' 31" E | ||||||||||
| Data on the structure | |||||||||||
| Construction time: | - 1934-1938 - 1955-1959 |
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| Height above valley floor: | 69.5 m | ||||||||||
| Height above foundation level : | - 77.23 m - 77.3 m - 77.4 m |
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| Height of the structure crown: | 284.43 m | ||||||||||
| Building volume: | 2.6 million m³ | ||||||||||
| Crown length: | 480 m | ||||||||||
| Crown width: | 15.0 m | ||||||||||
| Base width: | 303.79 m | ||||||||||
| Slope slope on the air side : | 1: 1: 1.5 | ||||||||||
| Slope slope on the water side : | 1: 2.75 | ||||||||||
| Power plant output: | 9.5 MW | ||||||||||
| Operator: | Eifel-Rur water association | ||||||||||
| Data on the reservoir | |||||||||||
| Altitude (at congestion destination ) | 281.5 m above sea level NN | ||||||||||
| Water surface | 7.83 km² / 783 ha | ||||||||||
| Reservoir length | - 10.6 km of the Rur river (only Rurstausee) - 24 km (to the root of the reservoir ) |
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| Storage space | 202.6 million m³ | ||||||||||
| Total storage space : | 203.2 million m³ | ||||||||||
| Catchment area | - 288.1 km³ (without Urft and Olef ) - 662.1 km² (with Urft and Olef) |
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| Design flood : | 450 m³ / s | ||||||||||
 and Rurstausee (reservoir), Rur and the village of Hasenfeld ( Heimbach ) |
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The Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel is a 77.4 m high and existing since 1938 dam in southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia in the far west of Germany . It dams the Rur in the border area between the city region of Aachen and the district of Düren to form the 7.83 km² large Rurstausee (popularly also called Rursee ).
The Rurstausee, which is dammed up by the Rur dam Schwammenauel, has a volume of 203.2 million m³ of storage space with the pre-dams Obersee and Eiserbach and is the second largest reservoir in Germany after the Bleilochstausee in Thuringia and in front of the Edersee in Hesse . The Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel and the Rurstausee belong to the Eifel-Rur water association .
Geographical location
The dam, which consists of the Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel and the Rurstausee, is located in the north of the Eifel (see Rureifel ), northwest and west of the Kermeter , northeast of the Monschauer Heckenland and east-southeast of the Buhlert ridge between the municipality of Simmerath in the city region of Aachen in the west-southwest and the city of Heimbach in the Düren district in the east.
Immediately in front of the dam is the Obersee , which serves as a pre-dam . It is formed by the Paulushofdamm, which dams the water from the Rur and Urft . When the main lake is completely blocked, the water body of the main lake and the reservoir form a common and continuous storage space. The Rurstausee bordered to the southeast by the 2004 founded the Eifel National Park and in Euskirchen located and the city of Schleiden belonging Urfttalsperre . The Rurstausee is surrounded by the Hohes Venn-Eifel nature park and some nature reserves.
dam
The Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel, a dam built as an earth and stone rubble dam with an internal seal made of clay , is located in the Düren district around 2.7 km west of the center of the core town of Heimbach and a few hundred meters west of the Heimbach district of Hasenfeld .
The dam was built from 1934 to 1938 and the first expansion was put into operation in 1939.
Between 1955 and 1959, the Schwammenauel closing dam, which blocks the valley, was raised by 16 m from 61.4 m to 77.4 m above the foundation level, so that the top of the dam has been at 284.43 m since then . At the same time, the Paulushofdamm to the Obersee of the Rurtalsperre was raised by 14 m.
Second World War
In the Second World War, the Rur formed the front line in late 1944 / early 1945; both the German and the Allies referred to it as the Rur Front .
In 1944, the US military attempted to destroy the original dam and the dam of the Rurtalsperre near Schwammenauel, which had only been built a few years earlier, with bombing. They had already feared that the Wehrmacht would use the water from the dams as a weapon of war. The massive structures withstood the bombardment, however.
As a defensive measure against the advancing Allies, the Kermeter pressure tunnel of the Urfttalsperre and the closures of the bottom drainage tunnel of the Schwammenauel dam (Rursee) were blown up by the Wehrmacht on the night of 9-10 February 1945. The bottom drains were closed beforehand in order to make the reservoir as full as possible. The flowing mass of water turned the Rur into a raging river, in some places up to 200 meters wide. It became a major obstacle for the advancing Allies in the direction of the Rhine.
After the end of the war, the dams and the destroyed drains were rebuilt.
Between 1955 and 1959, the Schwammenauel closing dam, which blocks the valley, was raised by 16 m from 61.4 m to 77.4 m above the foundation level, so that the top of the dam has been at 284.43 m since then . At the same time, the Paulushofdamm to the Obersee of the Rurtalsperre was raised by 14 m.
Reservoir
The Rurstausee is located in the Aachen city region and the Düren am Kermeter district between the Heimbach district of Hasenfeld in the northeast, the Nideggen district of Schmidt and the Simmerath district of Rurberg in the southwest. Locations from which access to the reservoir is possible are Heimbach, Rurberg (Obersee), Schmidt-Eschauel, Schwammenauel and Woffelsbach (sorted alphabetically).
The Rurstausee is about 10.6 kilometers long (about 5 km as the crow flies between the end of the lake and the dam) when the target is reached (full damming ). Then it has a total area of 7.83 km² and 203.2 million m³ of storage space. The reservoir root of the water is - above the Obersee - 24 km away from the Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel .
The Eiserbach dam , which dams the Rurstausee tributary Eiserbach to the Eiserbach pre-basin, is directly adjacent to the south-western end of the Rur reservoir, and the Paulushofdamm , which dams the Rur and Urft to the Obersee pre-basin, is directly adjacent to its southern end .
Special features of the Rur reservoir are the island of Eichert, the peninsula on the Tonsberg and the peninsula of Eschauel (with the beach of the same name), which can also be reached on foot, depending on the water level. The wooded island of Eichert rises as an extension of the peninsula on the Tonsberg with its highest point (approx. 318 m above sea level ) around 36.5 m above the storage target ( 281.5 m ) of the Rur reservoir . About 500 m southwest of this island there is an islet a few meters high when it is fully blocked and around 100 m long measured along its center line , which is an offshoot of the Eschauel peninsula. On the peninsula on the 333.3 m high Tonsberg there is a deserted castle ( cultural monument ). As a result of the dam elevation, completed in 1959, the storage space grew from around 101 million m³ by 101.6 million m³ to currently 202.6 million m³.
use
Water level regulation
The Rurstausee has 202.6 million m³ of storage space; including his Obersee pre-lock . The Rur, Urft and Oleft dams are operated together and, with their reservoirs, ensure the availability of around 265 million cubic meters of storage space . The water level regulation is used for flood protection on the Rur as well as to regulate a minimum water specification in the Rur. The water to be discharged into the Rur can be taken from both the Rurtalsperre and the Urfttalsperre. The maximum amount of water released is 60 m³ / sec.
Power generation
Mainly built to regulate the water level of the Rur, the Rur dam is also used to generate electricity. The storage power plant in Schwammenauel has a Francis turbine with an installed capacity of 9.5 MW and, together with the Heimbach power plant, is mainly put into operation in the mornings of the weekdays to cover peak loads. The generators of the downstream barrages Heimbach and Obermaubach have an installed capacity of 0.75 MW and 0.6 MW, the Heimbach power plant (operated with urft water, but located on the Rur near Heimbach) 16 MW. For the sake of completeness, the generators of the Oleftalsperre should be mentioned, which together have an installed capacity of 3 MW. They are operated by RWE Innogy . The power plant in Schwammenauel was modernized and renovated in 2012.
From summer 2011 there were plans to top up the Rur dam with a further upper basin and the Rur pumped storage power plant near Schmidt . The output of this power plant would then have been 640 MW, making it one of the largest in Central Europe. Since the plans met with some fierce criticism in the region, a successful citizens' initiative was formed against the project.
Drinking water extraction
So-called raw water for drinking water treatment is taken from the Obersee . The pumping station near Rurberg pumps the extracted water into the Kalltalsperre via the Heinrich-Geis-tunnel. There is another tunnel connection (Kallstollen) to the Dreilägerbachtalsperre. The water treatment plant for drinking water treatment and further distribution into the drinking water network for the district of Aachen, Vaalser area and parts of the district of Heinsberg is located below the Dreilägerbachtalsperre. For this reason, there are strict restrictions on the use of the Obersee as a recreational area.
tourism
The Rurstausee and the nature surrounding it have a very important function for local recreation and tourism in this low-job and structurally weak Eifel region. The operator of the dams, the Eifel-Rur water association, and the Cologne district government have issued conditions of use for the use of the waters.
The Rursee-Schifffahrt ships operate on the Rursee reservoir , on the main lake the excursion ships Stella Maris and Aachen , on the Obersee the St. Nikolaus , the Seensucht and the Eifel . The berths used by the ships may not be used by other watercraft, and staying within 50 m of the berths is also prohibited.
water sports
Sailors, canoeists and rowers in particular pursue their sporting activities on the Rurstausee, both individually and organized in various clubs. The RWTH Aachen operates on the northern bank of the main lake own sports complex, which is used extensively, especially from the student rowing squad. On the main lake of the Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel and the Obersee in the Einruhr area as well as on the Heimbach and Obermaubach reservoirs, paddling canoes (including canoes and kayaks ), rowing boats and pedal boats are permitted. However, paddling and rowing, with the exception of licensed rental boats from local rental companies, require a permit from the waterfront owner when using their own private boats.
On the main lake of the Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel and on the Obermaubach reservoir, sailing and windsurfing are also permitted with a corresponding permit from the water owner. However, sailing boats that exceed the measurement number 20 (product of length and width) are not permitted. Driving permits for users of their own private boats are available in the form of a sticker for a period of one week or one season (April to November) at the Rurberg National Park Gate on the lake shore.
The Rurstausee offers three outdoor swimming pool areas with appropriate equipment such as toilets and changing rooms. In the Obersee the natural adventure pool Einruhr , in the main lake the bathing beach Eschauel and in the foothills of the Eiserbachersee the natural outdoor pool Eiserbach . In addition, swimming at the bathing area in Woffelsbach is permitted.
Inflows and outflows
The tributaries of the Rur reservoir include - if known - length in kilometers (km) (sorted alphabetically):
- Allersbach (2.9 km); Coming from the Buhlert ridge from the west-northwest, flows into the middle section of the reservoir
- Büdenbach (1.1 km); Coming from the Kermeter from the south, it flows into the northeast part of the reservoir near the dam
- Eiserbach, coming from the Eiserbachtal, flows into the Eiserbach dam near Rurberg and through the Eiserbach dam into the main lake
- Eschbach (1 km); Coming from the Kermeter from the south, flows into the north-eastern part of the reservoir
- Hohenbach (2.1 km); Coming from the Kermeter from the south, flows into the north-eastern part of the reservoir
- Lederbach (1.1 km); Coming from the north-west of the Buhlert ridge near the hamlet of Klaus, flows into the middle section of the reservoir
- Morsbach (1.2 km); Coming from Schmidt-Eschauel from the north, flows into the middle section of the reservoir
- Rur (164.5 km), flows as the main tributary from the south into the southern end of the reservoir; forms the only natural drain
- Welchenbach (3.5 km); Coming from the Monschauer Heckenland / direction Simmerath in the west, flows into the reservoir southern part
- Wolfsbach (2.2 km); Coming from the Monschauer Heckenland / Steckenborn from the west, flows into the reservoir southern part
- Schilsbach, flows through the Schilsbachtal coming from Hechelscheidt / Klaus and flows out at Woffelsbach / Schilsbachtal.
- Weidenbach, flows into Rurberg / Weidenbachtal
panorama
See also
literature
- Peter Franke, Wolfgang Frey: Dams in the Federal Republic of Germany. Published by the National Committee for Large Dams in the Federal Republic of Germany (DNK) and the German Association for Water Management and Cultural Building eV (DVWK). Systemdruck-GmbH, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-926520-00-0 .
Web links
- Dams directory North Rhine-Westphalia. (PDF; 115 kB) State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection North Rhine-Westphalia , October 1, 2005, accessed on December 19, 2014 .
- Level data: time series selection - Rurtalsperre Hauptsee OW level . In: wver.de . Eifel-Rur water association (WVER). Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- Rursee Water Level and Weather Data. Retrieved December 19, 2014 .
- Weather station Woffelsbach-Wildenhof Rursee. RWTH Aachen - Institute of Geography, accessed on December 19, 2014 .
Remarks
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z data sheet Rurtalsperre-Schwamenauel. (PDF; 150.4 MB) Eifel-Rur water association , accessed on December 19, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c Abolition of the Schwamenaul Rur dam. Eifel-Rur water association , accessed on December 19, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ↑ https://wver.de/file/2019/11/Rurtalsperre.pdf
- ↑ Directory of dams in North Rhine-Westphalia , State Environment Agency (LANUV) (accessed on December 30, 2011; PDF; 124 kB)
- ↑ https://wver.de/file/2019/11/Rurtalsperre.pdf
- ↑ https://wver.de/file/2019/11/Rurtalsperre.pdf
- ↑ https://epaper.zeitungsverlag-aachen.de/2.0/article/16c94a07b7
- ↑ maximum water delivery
- ↑ Water information. In: National Park Eifel. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
- ↑ Kraftwerk-Heimbach in Heimbach in the North Eifel (accessed on December 30, 2011; PDF; 106 kB)
- ↑ Article Maintenance in the hydropower plant: The Rur takes an abbreviation in the Dürener Zeitung of July 27, 2012.
- ↑ Article Trianel plans pumped storage power plant on Rursee , July 8, 2011, accessed on December 30, 2011.
- ↑ Article The Trianel water storage power plant Rur , from June 21, 2013.
- ↑ Website of the citizens' initiative Rettet den Rursee e. V.
- ↑ 100 years of drinking water on site ( Memento from March 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed December 30, 2011; PDF; 1.0 MB)
- ↑ Information page on water sports and leisure activities at the Rursee Eifel (accessed on December 30, 2011)
- ↑ Regulatory authority ordinance for the approval and regulation of public use at the Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel and the Heimbach and Obermaubach dams , dated June 29, 2015, item 299, pp. 237–243 (PDF; 4.92 MB)
- ↑ Rursee Schifffahrt KG: Welcome on board - Rursee Schifffahrt. Retrieved January 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Terms of use for the use of the dams of the Eifel-Rur water association ( Memento from August 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) ( Eifel-Rur water association ; WVER), from June 27, 2013, accessed on May 7, 2016, from wver.de ( PDF; 15.90 kB)