Raoul Heinrich Francé

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Raoul Heinrich Francé after an etching by Sigmund Lipinsky

Raoul Heinrich Francé (birth name: Rudolf Heinrich Franzé ; born May 20, 1874 in Altlerchenfeld , Vienna , Austria ; † October 3, 1943 in Budapest , Hungary ) was an Austro-Hungarian botanist , microbiologist , and natural and cultural philosopher . Its botanical author's abbreviation is " Francé ".

Life

As an autodidact, Raoul Heinrich Francé studied analytical chemistry and microtechnology at a very early age . At the age of 16 he became the youngest member of the Royal Hungarian Natural Science Society, where he was deputy magazine editor from 1893 to 1898. From 1897 Francé studied medicine for eight semesters and became a pupil of the Hungarian protozoan researcher Geza Entz . During this time he carried out fourteen botanical research trips. In 1898 he was appointed deputy head of the Institute for Plant Protection of the Agricultural Academy in Hungarian Altenburg . Here he published his first work on natural philosophy. Then in 1902 Francé received the invitation to come to Munich . In 1906 he founded the German Micrological Society and its institute, of which he was director. He was editor of the journal of this society and co-founder of the microcosm (1907). He was editor of other series of publications, such as the yearbook for microscopists and the micrological library , and at times he published the magazine for the expansion of development theory.

In 1906 Francé initiated the eight-volume monumental work “The Life of the Plant”, the first four volumes of which (1906–1910) came from his own pen. This work was advertised by the publisher as a "Pflanzen- Brehm ". Francé is considered to be the discoverer of the Edaphon . In 1922 he published a popular version of the scientific knowledge about the soil life in the cosmos volume Life in the arable soil .

During his busy life he wrote 60 books and a variety of popular science articles and writings. At Walter Seifert Verlag he was editor of the magazine Telos - bi-monthly publication for work and success . As a recognized graphic artist, Francé developed the technique of pen engraving, which is rooted in copper engraving.

Further stations in his life are Dinkelsbühl , Breslau , Salzburg and Dubrovnik- Ragusa. In his life he wrote many books that anticipated modern ecological ideas. Francé died of leukemia in Budapest in 1943 . He is buried with his wife in Oberalm , Austria.

Appreciation

In addition to Wilhelm Bölsche , who is much more appreciated today , Francé was an outstanding science popularizer around 1900 and well into the first third of the 20th century. He combined the advocacy of a modern doctrine of development with a vitalism typical of the time and a conciliatory natural philosophy. The organic agriculture is based in part on findings Francés, in his books The Edaphon (1913) and Life in the soil released and as a serial in the magazine Kosmos were made available to the public. However, this scientific source is mostly kept secret.

His wife Annie Francé-Harrar , a well-known biologist and author, worked with him for many years and continued part of his life's work after his death in 1943.

Today, Raoul H. Francé is being rediscovered as the founder of biotechnology . Many of his then and now progressive ideas were not recognized until the end of the 20th century.

In Munich and Dinkelsbühl a street bears his name.

Fonts

  • Nature in the Alps . Leipzig 1910
  • The Alps are presented for everyone . Leipzig 1912
  • The silver mountains . Stuttgart 1912
  • The world of the plant . Berlin 1912
  • The edaphone. Studies on the ecology of soil-dwelling microorganisms . Munich 1913
  • The forces of the earth . Berlin 1913
  • Walks in the home garden . Leipzig 1914
  • The technical performance of the plants . (Basics of an objective philosophy II). Leipzig 1919
  • Introduction to Scientific Photography . Together with Gambera. Stuttgart 1920
  • The law of life . Leipzig 1920
  • The way of culture . Leipzig 1920
  • The plant as an inventor . Stuttgart 1920
  • Munich . The laws of life in a city . (Basics of an objective philosophy, part III). Munich 1920
  • Zoesis. An introduction to the laws of the world . Munich 1920
  • Bios. The laws of the world . (Basics of an objective philosophy IV-V. Part). Stuttgart and Heidelberg 1921
  • The life of the plant . Stuttgart 1921
  • Life in the arable land . Stuttgart 1922
  • The culture of tomorrow. A book of knowledge and recovery . Dresden 1922
  • Eternal forest. A book for hikers . Leipzig 1922
  • South Bavaria . Berlin 1922
  • The real picture of nature . Dresden 1923
  • The unknown person . Stuttgart and Heilbronn 1923
  • The discovery of home . Stuttgart 1923
  • The world as experience. Outline of an objective philosophy . (Basics of an objective philosophy VI). Dresden 1923
  • Plasmatic. The science of the future . Stuttgart and Heilbronn 1923
  • The book of life. A world view of the present . Berlin 1924
  • The soul of the plant . Berlin 1924
  • Outline of a comparative biology . (Basics of an objective philosophy I). Leipzig 1924
  • Real life. A book for everyone . Leipzig 1924
  • Telos , the laws of creation . Dresden 1924
  • The land of longing . The book circle , Berlin 1925
  • The permanent forest . 1925
  • The origin of man . Stuttgart and Heilbronn 1926
  • Bios - The laws of the world. Paperback edition Leipzig: Kröner 1926
  • The way to me. The first part of the memories . Leipzig 1927
  • Phoebus . Munich 1927
  • From the German forest . Berlin 1927
  • The organism . Munich 1928
  • Natural laws of the homeland . Vienna and Leipzig 1928
  • Jungle . Stuttgart 1928
  • World, earth and humanity . Berlin 1928
  • The scales of life. A balance sheet of culture . Leipzig 1929
  • This is how you have to live! A guide to real life . Dresden 1929
  • Life before the flood . Berlin 1930
  • Coral world. The seventh continent . Stuttgart 1930
  • Living lignite forest. A journey through today's primeval world . Stuttgart 1932
  • Images of nature . Vienna 1932
  • Lignite - solar power . Berlin 1934
  • From work to success. A key to a better life . Dresden 1934
  • Longing for the south . Together with Annie Francé-Harrar. Leipzig 1938
  • Air as a raw material . 1939
  • Wildlife wonder of life. An animal science for everyone . Berlin 1940
  • Life and wonder of the German forest . Berlin 1943
  • Life in the ground. The edaphone . New edition of the books from 1913 and 1922 ( Life in the Ackerboden ). Introduction by René Roth, Ontario / Canada. Munich undated (around 1981).
  • The discovery of home . New edition of the book from 1923. With an introduction by Gerhard Tenschert. Asendorf 1982

literature

Web links

Wikiquote: Raoul Heinrich Francé  - Quotes
Wikisource: Raoul Heinrich Francé  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Raoul Heinrich Francé  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ René von Romain Roth: Raoul H. Francé And The Doctrine Of Life . ISBN 1-58721-289-7 .
  2. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public, 1848–1914 . Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, p. 372-374, 487 .
  3. ↑ Daum: Science popularization . S. 186-188, 325-327, 390-392, 456-458 .
personal data
SURNAME Francé, Raoul Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Franzé, Rudolf Heinrich (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian bionic and natural philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH May 20, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna , Austria
DATE OF DEATH October 3, 1943
Place of death Budapest , Hungary