Altlerchenfeld
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Altlerchenfeld was an independent municipality until 1850 and is now a district of Vienna in the 8th district of Josefstadt . Small parts of Altlerchenfeld were added to Vienna's 7th district of Neubau in 1850 .
location
Altlerchenfeld extends to the west of the Josefstadt and Neubau districts along the Lerchenfeld belt , which forms the western border. In the north, the former suburb is bordered by Josefstädter Straße, in the south it extends over Lerchenfelder Straße into the 7th district. In the east it extends roughly to Piaristengasse. When the suburb was divided between the districts of Neubau and Josefstadt, 84 percent of Altlerchenfeld fell to Josefstadt and 16 percent to the Neubau district.
history
Formation and ownership
The Lerchenfeld was first mentioned as a field name in 1295 as Lerochveldt . The origin of the name is controversial, but since the larch prefers stony ground as a mountain tree, which is not available in this area, a derivation of the name from the lark seems most likely.
Around 1337 the court bought large parts of the lark field for hunting purposes, and increasing settlement did not begin until after the Second Turkish siege of Vienna . There is no documentary evidence of whether there were houses on the Lerchenfeld before. When construction of the linear wall began in 1704 , the Lerchenfeld was already built with 60 houses. Five houses and a barn had to give way to the construction of the wall, the line office building , where the tax for goods that traders brought to Vienna was collected, was built in the area of today's Lerchenfelder Strasse and Sanettystrasse. The resulting line wall cut the lark field into two parts. The western part of the Lerchenfeld, which was now outside the line wall, was subsequently referred to as Neulerchenfeld , the area of Lerchenfeld closer to the city was named Altlerchenfeld. A small part of Altlerchenfeld took a special development after 1700. In 1702, Countess Maria Katharina Strozzi acquired the Dürre Lerchenfeld , which subsequently developed into the Strozzigrund suburb . A strip of territory in the east was thereby separated from the village of Altlerchenfeld.
The manorial rule over the village Altlerchenfeld was exercised by Emperor Leopold I until 1704 ; on May 21, 1704 it was acquired by the City of Vienna. Maria Theresa , who ruled from 1740, bought the village back. After her death in 1780, the manor Altlerchenfeld was sold to Josef Freiherr von Hagenmüller zu Grünberg (1746–1824, court counselor, owner of the Erdberg manor ). On May 1, 1786, the city of Vienna initially acquired jurisdiction. The city of Vienna did not acquire ownership of the land until September 1, 1810 after lengthy negotiations with Prince Lobkowitz .
Development
The development of Altlerchenfeld increased sharply after the line wall was built. Altlerchenfeld benefited above all from the economic upswing in the neighboring Schottenfeld to the south , which was the headquarters of Viennese industry towards the end of the 18th century. Altlerchenfeld was therefore mainly inhabited by workers in the trade, especially workers in the textile industry. In addition, members of the small craft also settled.
Up until the end of the 19th century, Altlechernfeld was dominated by poor, small houses. By subdividing the property of the barber Leichtlein into 16 building lots and Thomas Schwab's land into eight building lots, the Neue Gasse , today's Lerchengasse , was created in 1727 . The Alleegasse today Tigergasse, 1783 traced out for the development of obstruction of possession of M. de Biffinger. Stolzenthalergasse was created in 1850 as a gift from the house owner Matthias Stolzentaler; 20 houses were built on it.
In 1780 Altlerchenfeld already had 182 houses and 6,528 inhabitants, in 1795 the place had grown to 231 houses. As a result, the number of houses grew only slightly, in 1857 the town had 252 houses. The population, however, had grown more rapidly. In 1821 8,455 people lived in Altlerchenfeld, in 1835 it was 9,303, in 1840 9,501. In 1857, 10,585 people lived in the suburb, which was incorporated into Vienna in 1850.
The first significant public building was the chapel, built in 1713 by Michael Knorr, Empress Amalia's court and mouth baker. The chapel was dedicated to St. Sebastian, St. Rochus and St. Rosalia. A church was built in place of the chapel in 1780–1782. Today's Altlerchenfeld parish church dates from the middle of the 19th century (plans: Johann Georg Müller ) and was consecrated in 1861. The chapel, built in 1750 by the Lines Office, was demolished in 1894 when the line wall was demolished.
The Altlerchenfelder had the first community center built in 1727 at Lerchengasse 19, and in 1750 a poor house was built at Blindengasse 16. The community's first school opened in 1770 at 4 Tigergasse.
In 1850 Altlerchenfeld was incorporated into Vienna. Of the 252 houses with 10,585 inhabitants counted in 1857, the City of Vienna moved 213 houses with around 8,000 inhabitants into the new district of Josefstadt (then 7th, from 1861 8th district). The part of the suburb south of Lerchenfelder Strasse with the parish church came to the Neubau district (then 6th, from 1861 7th district).
After the incorporation, the population structure was initially retained. It was not until around 1900 that the old buildings were increasingly being replaced by representative new buildings in order to increase returns that the proportion of workers and craftsmen among the residents fell significantly.
literature
- Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Josefstadt. Bars, stages, officials. Vienna 1991 ISBN 3-900272-40-9
- Hans Rotter: The Josefstadt. History of the 8th district of Vienna. Vienna 1918
Individual evidence
- ^ Felix Czeike: Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 4, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-218-00546-9 , p. 42
- ^ Johannes Withalm: The Josefstadt in Vienna from the 18th century to the present day - myth and reality. Vienna 2008
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 29.6 ″ N , 16 ° 20 ′ 40 ″ E
