Neulerchenfeld
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Neulerchenfeld was an independent municipality until the end of 1891 and is now a district of Vienna in the 16th district of Ottakring, as well as one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .
geography
Neulerchenfeld is located in the east of the Ottakring district, west of the Lerchenfeld belt . The cadastral municipality covers an area of 60.15 hectares . The border to the Ottakring district runs along Friedmanngasse , Haberlgasse , Thaliastraße and Habichergasse . The census district of the official statistics of the same name, comprising nine counting districts, has a borderline that differs from that of a cadastral municipality.
Naming
The name Lerchenfeld was mentioned in a document in 1295 and referred to an area which, with its fields, pastures and some vineyards, covered parts of today's 7th, 8th and 16th district. When the line wall was built in 1704 as a fortification for the suburbs of Vienna, a small part of the lark field came to lie outside the wall. As a part further away from the center, which was settled later than the one closer to the center, it was named Neulerchenfeld around this time.
In 1952, Gerhard Bronner named the former place in his cabaret song Der g'schupfte Ferdl , which was sung by Helmut Qualtinger and Peter Alexander , among others : Ferdl looks beautiful because at Thumser out in Neulerchenfeld / is perfection (perfection: the final stage of a dance course ). The song in which Ferdl loses the short straw in a hall brawl because he left his knife in the cloakroom as requested and her dance partner Mizzi Vastapčik's bag, which had a second knife, was stolen, turned out to be very popular and is still often sung and played. (Dance instructors named Thumser could be found in Adolph Lehmann's address book in the 16th and 17th districts before 1900 ; the Pauline Thumser dance institute in the last year of publication, 1942, at Neulerchenfelder Strasse 14, the former inn "Zur Blue Bottle".)
history
The place Neulerchenfeld was founded after the devastation of the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna . The oldest part of Ottakring with its homesteads around the Lamprechtskirche was completely destroyed in 1683 and was no longer rebuilt. Many of the survivors now settled closer to the protective city because they felt unsafe in the middle of the woods. The new settlement was initially called Unter-Ottakring. Presumably since around 1703 the place was still a subordinate unit of the monastery Klosterneuburg under the name Neulerchenfeld. But there were other settlements on the Lerchenfeld. There was a settlement closer to the city of Vienna for which the name Altlerchenfeld had come from. The two settlements were separated from each other by the construction of the line wall in 1704.
The place developed rapidly. In 1706 there were 25 houses, by 1732 the place grew to 150 houses with 3,000 inhabitants. Initially the place consisted of three streets (today Gaullachergasse, Neulerchenfelder Straße and Grundsteingasse). A community center with a hospital , poor house , court and night watchmen existed early on in Brunnengasse, but after 1786 it moved to Neulerchenfelder Strasse 52. A schoolhouse was also built in Grundsteingasse. Due to the plague epidemic of 1713, a plague cemetery was created near today's Neulerchenfeld parish church, which was later expanded to become a local cemetery. The cemetery existed until 1832, then was moved to the Schmelz and finally closed in 1888.
While the rural village of Ottakring experienced an upswing after the major fire in 1830, growth in the artisanal and small-scale Neulerchenfeld was low due to the lack of space. During the revolutionary year of 1848, Neulerchenfeld initially defended himself successfully, but eventually the imperial troops stormed the place on October 29th. The now independent community of Neulerchenfeld, which had not been subject to any manorial rule since 1848/1849, experienced an upswing, especially from 1872. Parts of the Schmelz were bought from the neighboring communities of Fünfhaus , Rudolfsheim and Breitensee and built with residential buildings. Due to the construction boom, the number of residents in Neulerchenfeld rose from 6,218 to 45,044 between 1850 and 1890. The place was now dominated by multi-storey apartment buildings, only 39 of 600 houses were still at ground level.
After the suburbs of Vienna were incorporated in 1850, after Emperor Franz Joseph I urged this in a public speech in 1888, the suburbs of the city were also incorporated in 1890 with effect from January 1, 1892. Despite the resistance against the incorporation, the communities Ottakring and Neulerchenfeld were united to form the 16th district of Vienna , Ottakring .
Culture and sights
The baroque , today Serbian-Orthodox Neulerchenfeld parish church was built 1733–1753 and consecrated in 1757 to the Sorrowful Mother of God. After being severely damaged by bombs, it was rebuilt in 1955/1956. It was dissolved by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna in 2013 and taken over by the Serbian Orthodox community a year later. The Roman Catholic parish church in the district is the simple parish church Maria Namen , which was completed in 1974. The church is a listed building ( list entry ).
Architecturally remarkable is the secondary school built in 1962/1963 at Grundsteingasse 48, a work by the architect Ernst Lichtblau , which is also a listed building ( list entry ).
Economy and Infrastructure
While the neighboring Ottakring initially remained a farming village that lived mainly from viticulture , Neulerchenfeld was shaped by horticulture. Fruit and herbs were sold in the surrounding markets. Craftsmen also settled in the village. In the second half of the 18th century, however, the bar industry gained more and more importance in Neulerchenfeld. Since the so-called consumption tax, a kind of sales tax on food, was levied inside the line wall , but not outside, the suburbs could offer their products cheaper; In addition, in contrast to other places, Neulerchenfeld was close to the Linienwall and was easier to reach from the suburbs. At that time there was an inn concession in 103 of 150 houses, 86 exercised it continuously. Many of the inns did not accommodate more than three to four tables with benches. Around 1800 the local historian Franz Anton de Paula Gaheis described Neulerchenfeld as the largest inn in the Holy Roman Empire . The cabaret artist Helmut Qualtinger tied in with this image of the entertainment district in 1952 when he spoke of a scuffle "at Thumser drauß'd in Neulerchenfeld" in a very successful dialect song entitled "Der g'schupfte Ferdl" (text and music by Gerhard Bronner ) sang, a dance school at Neulerchenfelder Strasse 14.
At the beginning of the 18th century, more and more workers settled in Neulerchenfeld, who worked in the textile factories of what is now the 3rd district and who were able to live cheaper in Neulerchenfeld. The great industrialization of the place did not take place due to the lack of space. In 1862 there were only three factories (cardboard, candle and instrument factory), whereby the so-called factories were mostly small workshops. Rather, the number of restaurants remained considerable, and a small Prater developed in the area of today's belt .
The Brunnenmarkt , the second largest retail market in Vienna after the Naschmarkt, has existed in the north of Neulerchenfeld since 1786 . The area around the Brunnenmarkt is now called the Brunnenviertel .
The Volkshochschule Ottakring on Ludo-Hartmann-Platz goes back to the Volksheim Ottakring , which was founded in 1901 and played a culturally and politically important role in “Red Vienna” during the interwar period. A music school of the City of Vienna is located in the building of the former Crown Princess Stephanie Hospital in Neulerchenfeld, which was built in 1884/1885.
Personalities
- Ferdinand Mathias Baldia (1818–1869), local councilor in Ottakring
- Josef Baldia (1845–1912), architect
- Johann Dubez (1828–1891), composer and musician
- Joseph Leitgeb (1732–1811), horn player
- Michael Pamer (1782–1827), composer and musician
- Maurus Schinnagl (1800–1871), Roman Catholic schoolboy
- Johann Schrammel (1850–1893), composer and musician
literature
- Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Ottakring: from Brunnenmarkt to Liebhartstal . Mohl, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-900272-37-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ To the blue bottle (16) in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ' N , 16 ° 20' E