Ottakring (Vienna district)

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Ottakring
coat of arms map
Coat of arms from the district of Ottakring Ottakring location ottakring.png

Ottakring was until 1892 an independent municipality in Lower Austria and since then district of Vienna in the 16th  district of Vienna , Ottakring , and one of 89 Vienna Katastralgemeinden .

geography

The cadastral community of Ottakring occupies 8.06  km², the majority of the 8.67 km² district. Under the name of Alt-Ottakring, there is a seven- counting district of the official statistics, which marks the old town center in the northeast of the cadastral community.

history

Naming

The ending -ing in the name of Ottakring indicates that the place was founded in the 9th century after Charlemagne's army drove the Avars out of the Vienna area. After that, numerous places were founded to consolidate the rule; possibly the founder of the place was called Ottacher.

At least from the 15th century until a little after the middle of the 19th century, the name Ottagrün was used as an alternative . (→ Ottengrün )

Ottakring in the Middle Ages

The Freihof (Schottenhof)

Ottakring came in 1114 through a donation from Margrave Leopold III. as a founding gift to the new Klosterneuburg Abbey . Around 1150, the Archbishop of Salzburg , Eberhard von Biburg , donated a vineyard in Ottachringen to the Sankt Peter monastery in Salzburg . Initially the "Ottakringer" were free farmers. Gradually, however, the peasants lost their freedom and came under the rule and jurisdiction of the landlord .

The place itself was located around the Lamprecht or Lambert Church, which was mentioned in a document as early as 1230 and which stood at the junction of today's Johann-Staud-Strasse and Gallitzinstrasse until 1780. As a rule, these were single farms. Soon, however, another district emerged on the Ottakringer Bach around the Wolfgangkirche, consecrated in 1416, in the form of a row of streets, the center of which was along today's Ottakringer Straße between the suburbs and Sandleitengasse.

A bailiff administered Ottakring on behalf of the monastery. At times there were also “Freihöfe” that were not under the rule of the manor. The most important was the "Schottenhof", which was first mentioned in a document in 1322. Like the other places around Vienna, Ottakring suffered repeatedly from the destruction of the wars from the 15th century. In 1484 the place suffered from the ravages of the Hungarians, who destroyed both churches and the Freihof.

Ottakring in modern times

Ottakring 1868

In 1529 the place was destroyed again during the first Turkish siege of Vienna . As a result, the town was repeatedly ravaged by the plague , and Ottakring also became impoverished as a result of the Thirty Years' War . The place could not pay a priest or a teacher, the wine trade came to a standstill. The winter of 1679/80 took the greatest toll: 199 of around 600 residents died of the plague. In 1683 Ottakring was burned down when the Turks withdrew after the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna . Residents who remained in the village were murdered or abducted.

Reconstruction began in 1684. The Lamprechtskirche was rebuilt as well as the district on Ottakringer Straße. The farmsteads around the Lamprechtskirche, however, remained orphaned and the oldest part of Ottakring ceased to exist. Many of the former residents settled in Neulerchenfeld . While this neighboring town to the east, the walled city and its suburbs surrounded by the line wall, experienced an economic boom in the 18th century, the peripherally located Ottakring remained a sleepy village. At the beginning of the 18th century, only about 900 inhabitants lived here in 74 houses.

Ottakring in the 19th century

Seal of the mayor's office Ottakring

Ottakring suffered from the Napoleonic Wars because of tribute payments and recruitment . The place was hit even harder in the Biedermeier period by the fire disaster of May 11, 1835, in which 52 houses were destroyed. Only the church and 30 houses were spared from the inferno. A donation campaign in the neighboring village and cheap loans from Klosterneuburg Abbey brought Ottakring a quick upswing. In 1838 the Ottakringer Brewery was opened, today the only one in operation in Vienna. At Alt-Ottakring, east to Neulerchenfeld, a new part of town, called Neu-Ottakring, was created. The population increased from 1832 to 1847 to 1,400 inhabitants in 203 houses. While the old district remained a farming village, it was mainly factories, workers and craftsmen who settled in Neu-Ottakring.

The revolutionary year of 1848 also had an impact in Ottakring. The Ottakringers supported the revolution and housed an elite group of revolutionary students. On October 23, the older district was occupied by imperial troops, two days later Neu-Ottakring. The feudal system of manorial rule was abolished in 1848/49 by Emperor Franz Joseph I and his ministers or replaced in return for partial compensation.

From the fifties of the 19th century, Ottakring acquired more and more the character of an industrial city. The number of factories increased. Street lighting was introduced in 1852. From 1873 on, a horse-drawn tram line operated by the Neue Wiener Tramway-Gesellschaft ran through Neulerchenfelder Strasse and Ottakringer Strasse to Schottenhof, and from 1900 a line operated by the construction and operating company for urban trams in Vienna on Thaliastrasse. In 1881 Ottakring was connected to the first Viennese spring water pipeline . The building boom in the second half of the 19th century massively increased the population. In 1850, 7,246 people lived in Ottakring, compared to 61,817 in 1890. Ottakring had become the second largest municipality in Lower Austria after Hernals . Nevertheless, many parts of Ottakring still had a village character; of the 1,346 houses, only 148 were higher than two stories. Settlement was very dense in Ottakring, however, and living conditions in 1892 were worse than in any other of the new districts. Added to this was the pollution from the factories.

After the suburbs of Vienna were incorporated in 1850, following a request made by Emperor Franz Joseph I in a speech in 1888, the Lower Austrian Landtag decided to unite Vienna with the suburbs. The law came into force on January 1, 1892. Despite the resistance to the incorporation, Ottakring and Neulerchenfeld were united to form the 16th district of  Vienna , Ottakring . In 1898 the suburban line of the Viennese Stadtbahn, crossing the Alt-Ottakring in a north-south direction, was opened (with rapid transit since 1987 ), at which the Wien Ottakring station is located, since 1998 the western terminus of the U3 subway line .

economy

The most important source of income for the Ottakringers was viticulture , the products of which were sold in nearby Vienna and especially in neighboring Neulerchenfeld . Milk products were also sold; However, agriculture , horticulture and animal husbandry were only operated for personal use. The nearby forest brought wood and game to the people . The use of these goods was gradually restricted.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Ottakring was still a sleepy village, but it was not poor. Industrialization made itself felt in Ottakring: there was a brick kiln and a sawmill on site, the Schifferstein spinning mill was founded in the village in 1806, two more factories followed in the 1830s, the Josef Siegl match factory and the Josef Grüllemeyer bronze goods factory. The Ottakringer Brewery , which still exists today, was built in 1837 . Other factories followed in the 1850s and 1860s. The so-called factories were mostly small workshops, only the brewery was a large operation.

religion

Ottakring is likely to have developed into a more important place relatively early on. Proof of this is the early existence of a church, which was mentioned in a document as early as 1230. It was consecrated to St. Lamprecht and stood roughly at the site of today's cemetery chapel. In 1336 the church received a letter of indulgence which forgave all penitential visitors to the church for 40 days for all sins without having to confess or perform penitential acts. As a result, pilgrimages to this church developed, which stopped with the renewal of the letters of indulgence in 1423 and 1447. In 1409, Pastor Nikolaus Glauber founded the Lamprechtszeche , which looked after the furnishings of the church and the burial of poorer Ottakring residents. The Lamprechtszeche financed the construction of a chapel in the new district on the Ottakringer Bach. In 1416 the chapel was completed and consecrated to St. Wolfgang . In 1417 the chapel also received a letter of indulgence so that Ottakring received a second place of pilgrimage.

In 1484 the two churches were destroyed for the first time by the Hungarians . In 1529 the Turks burned down the two churches again. The bishop was able to inaugurate it again in 1531. Protestantism found its way into Ottakring in 1570 . The Rector of the University of Vienna , Dr. Johann Ambros Brassicani von Köhlburg, bought the Freihof in 1574 and brought a Protestant pastor to Ottakring. This led to conflicts with the local pastor and the bishop . After Brassicani's death in 1589, the religious conflict ended. After the devastation by the Turks in 1683, the Lamprechtskirche in the old district of Ottakring was rebuilt, but the settlement in the vicinity was not. The parish church was now far away from the village center, with only the Wolfgang chapel. In 1790, the conversion of the chapel into a church was completed and the Lamprecht Church, which was in need of renovation, was torn down at the same time. The area was added to the Ottakring cemetery .

See also: Alt-Ottakringer parish church

Personalities

literature

  • Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Ottakring: from Brunnenmarkt to Liebhartstal . Mohl, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-900272-37-9
  • Alja Rachmanowa: "Milk woman in Ottakring. Diary from the thirties". Amalthea, Vienna 1997, ISBN 978-3-85002-923-0
  • Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 4, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-218-00546-9 , p. 469 f.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '  N , 16 ° 20'  E