Alt-Ottakringer parish church
The Alt-Ottakringer parish to increase the Holy Cross is a Roman Catholic church in the 16th Viennese district Ottakring in the Johannes Krawarik-Gasse 1. The original church was the second oldest church in Ottakring, the new building was built in the 1912th
history
The first written mention of the place name Otachringen goes back to 1147. At this point in time, there were already two settlement centers in the area concerned: One was on the ridge between Ameisbach and Ottakringer Bach , which roughly corresponds to the area of today's Ottakringer Friedhof , and a younger center was east of it along the Ottakringer Bach. The church, located in the older town center of Ottakring, was first mentioned in a document in 1230. It was located at the end of today's Thaliastraße at the fork in Gallizinstraße and Johann Staud-Straße and was dedicated to St. Lambert (Lainprecht). In the younger town center, the Wolfgang Chapel on the banks of the Ottakringer Bach was built and consecrated in 1416.
In 1484 the Lambert Church was partially destroyed by the Hungarians under Matthias Corvinus . In 1529 it was damaged again in the course of the first Turkish siege , but was then rebuilt by Bishop Johann Fabri . The Lambert Church was again badly damaged by the second Turkish siege in 1683, while the Wolfgang Chapel survived this period relatively unscathed. The few survivors of the Ottakring population, marked by acts of war, bad harvests and two plague epidemics (1679 and 1713), neither rebuilt their destroyed old village nor the Lambert Church and instead settled in the new district. In 1714 the Lambert Church was restored by the community, but later abandoned to decay and finally demolished in 1790.
In the years 1788 and 1789, on the initiative of the Ottakring priest Karl Wöß, the Wolfgang chapel was rebuilt and enlarged at the same time by master builder Lorenz Lechner. The simple Josephine building was consecrated again on July 17, 1790 by the Vienna Archbishop Cardinal Christoph Anton von Migazzi in honor of the Holy Cross and Saints Lambrecht and Wolfgang and elevated to the status of a parish church.
In the second half of the 19th century, the population of Ottakring grew rapidly, so that at the beginning of the 20th century a larger church had to be built due to the large number of people attending church services, which the old church could no longer accommodate. The municipal council gave its consent to this on June 24, 1909. Construction work began on the choir side first , the foundation stone was laid on July 18, 1909. Work on the tower was particularly hurried and it was completed in 1910 on the 80th birthday of Emperor Franz Joseph . A memorial plaque attached to the tower also commemorates this event. On October 15th, the apse was consecrated in the presence of the emperor, and only then was work done on the parts of the nave between the tower and the future main portal . The old church was completely built over and only removed after the construction work was complete. The new building was completely completed in 1912, and the new church building was consecrated on September 7th.
1937 to 1939 the first major general renovation of the church was carried out due to numerous construction defects. Between 1993 and 1995, the parish church was again completely renovated. The facade, roof and church tower as well as the interior were renovated.
Architecture and equipment
The Alt-Ottakringer parish church was built according to the plans of Rudolf Wiszkoczil under the construction management of Guido Gröger . The short nave and transept is under a steep gable roof , the three gable fronts have similar proportions and structures and a simple secessionist decor. The terrain that climbs to Thaliastraße is balanced by a stone base running around the church .
The main entrance is on the north side of the building, the choir room on the south side. The Alt-Ottakringer parish church has the same orientation as the old Wolfgang church. The main portal is a richly decorated funnel portal in neo-Romanesque style. In the tympanum , Christ can be seen in the mandorla with flanking angels in a representation by Rudolf Russ. Above this there are three arched windows combined by a profiled frame and a round window under the top of the gable . Two small stair towers are set back to the side . At the corner to the left of the main portal, a war memorial was erected in the form of a relief showing Christ with a wounded man.
On the east side of the church, in the corner of the nave and transept, is the 74 m high tower , in which the original six bells of the church were housed, but had to be handed in for armaments purposes during the Second World War . The current five bells were consecrated on April 4, 1954 by Cardinal Theodor Innitzer . The facade at the level of the bell storey is designed with three-part arched arcades , above which the clock gables lie between turrets below the pointed spire . The choir is flanked by the baptistery and wedding chapel on the left and the sacristy on the right, both of which are accessible from the outside. On the west side of the nave between the transept and the stair tower there is a three- arched cross- arched arcade with neo-Romanesque columns. The side entrance to the church is also located here. Another tower rests on the roof above the apse, it is made of copper sheet and has a weathercock on its top .
The entrance area of the church is below the organ gallery and is divided by three large glass doors. The gallery itself rests on two mighty pillars. The interior of the church is in the form of a single vault, at the intersection of the nave and transept there is a dome with a large diameter but comparatively low height. The two ends of the transept each have three colorful arched windows, where on the left there are depictions of St. Anthony of Padua , St. Mary and St. John , on the right St. John Nepomuk , Christ and St. Leopold can be seen.
The high altar is adorned exclusively by a large crucifixion group and houses the tabernacle . The entire choir area is raised by several steps, here is the popular altar in the middle and to the left of it the ambo and pulpit . Below these steps is the Joseph Altar on the left and the Sacred Heart Altar on the right, and in the left part of the transept there is also the Marien Altar, which is characterized by a large statue of the Virgin Mary standing on a crescent moon. On the doors of this winged altar , scenes from the life of St. Mary are depicted as reliefs: on the lower left the birth of Jesus and above it her proclamation by the angel, on the right the prophecy of Simeon that Mary will pierce a sword through the soul , what is below through the Death of Jesus is depicted. The corresponding Bible verses are in Latin under the pictures. The baptismal font and a statue of the Viennese patron saint, St. Clemens Maria Hofbauer, are placed exactly opposite the Marien Altar. A bell from 1753, probably from the previous church, is also exhibited on a wooden frame; it was previously hung in the small tower above the apse.
In the tower there is also the weekday chapel, which is separated from the rest of the church by a glass and wood construction. Opposite her hangs a picture of St. Theresa of Lisieux , which was part of an altar that was consecrated in 1926 but no longer exists.
The crypt of the church only extends to the transept. It can be reached via the side entrances to the left and right of the nave and is not used due to major moisture problems.
Portal of the parish church Alt-Ottakring
Station of the cross
Mary Altar
View through the Alt-Ottakringer Church towards the portal
Window in the left part of the transept
Window in the right part of the transept
Sacred Heart Altar
Memorial to the victims of the world wars
Image of St. Theresa of Lisieux
Baptismal font and statue of St. Clemens Maria Hofbauer
Organ gallery pillar
Bell from 1753
Church name
The Alt-Ottakringer Church is consecrated in the name of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross . Your high altar, which is kept very simple, is therefore only adorned by a crucifixion group . The name goes back historically to the exaltation of the cross in the year 629, when the Byzantine emperor Heraclios had the cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified was re-erected in Jerusalem. It had previously been stolen as spoils of war by the Persians during the conquest of Jerusalem in 614, but was recaptured by Emperor Heraclius.
History of organ building in the parish church Alt-Ottakring
Original organ
After the current church building was completed in 1912, the organ built by Franz Ullmann in 1860 was transferred from the old church to the new one. The eight- register instrument with a mechanical action soon proved to be inadequate because it was too small for the spatial dimensions of the new church. In 1933 the Ullmann organ was transferred to Kleinrötz , where it is still located today.
Disposition
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- Playing aids : pedal coupler, mood
New building by Panhuber in 1931
In 1931 a new instrument was built by the Panhuber organ building company, a 40-stop work equipped with a pneumatic action , the arrangement of which had been designed by the Viennese cathedral organist Karl Walter ; Karl Walter's wife Erny Walter-Alberdinck was responsible for the design of the prospectus, which presented itself in “simple, elegant forms ”. At the time of its consecration, it was praised as one of the most beautiful and most modern organs in Vienna, but after only one and a half years of service the organ had to be described as ready for demolition. The organ builder Panhuber had meanwhile had to file for bankruptcy and could no longer meet its guarantee obligations - the organ was therefore unusable and the money spent on its construction was lost.
Disposition
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Couple
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Sub-octave coupling : III / I
- Super octave coupling : III / I, III / P
- Game Aids : Fixed combinations (pp, p, mf, f, Tutti; trigger), tongues down, manual register from, crescendo roller , Crescendo from, soft pedal off Free combination, shutter sills, Crescendozeiger
New building by Mertin / Zika 1935–1938
Despite these circumstances, Josef Mertin , who was the parish choir director at the time , suggested that an organ be built again, for which the pastor Karl Schwarz, who was in office during this time, stipulated that the same should be done on weekdays when there was little attendance at Mass as well as on Sundays when there was a crowd 2000 people attending the service must be able to be used. As a result, Mertin, who planned the new organ himself and was already intensively researching early music , designed the individual works of the organ in different styles. So he created the first manual in the style of the Italian Renaissance, the second in the sense of the North German Baroque and the third as a South German or Austrian Rückpositiv .
The idea of creating an organ that could be used for several styles was new at the time and the concept of the Alt-Ottakringer organ is still unique today. The ideas of Johann Nepomuk David , who was in contact with Mertin, also found their way into the disposition .
In 1935 the planning work was finally over; the parapet was broken open and the erection of the Rückpositiv began. The organ builder who carried out the work was Wilhelm Zika , the only one who agreed to the condition of equipping the organ with slider chests - which was an absolute novelty at the time. The remaining parts of the organ were built by 1938, but due to a lack of funds, the planned bombing mechanism and a pedal register were never implemented.
The organ still presents itself in this form today: 47 of the planned 58 registers are available on three manuals and pedal, both playing and stop action are designed to be electro-pneumatic. The middle pipe field is designed as a free pipe prospect, the pipe fields to the left and right of it are in a housing without veil boards . The positive, whose prospectus is also designed without veil boards, is located in a solid wooden case in the middle of the gallery parapet . A special feature is the double-sided painting of the double doors, which was carried out by the painter Karl Engel ; the space above the treble pipes is decorated with a representation of the Trinity on a radiant panel .
During the following years, the organ experienced a considerable decline, so that in 1973 Adolf Donabaum carried out extensive renovation work and in some cases also carried out modifications. But even after these repairs, the organ was again exposed to serious deterioration. Therefore, in 2000 the Rückpositiv and from 2002 to 2003 the entire organ was subjected to a comprehensive restoration by Peter-Maria Kraus.
Disposition
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- Coupling: II / I, II / I, III / II, I / P, II / P.
- Game Aids : Fixed combinations (piano, mezzo-forte, Plenum Small, Large Plenum, Tutti) Free combination, Hand register from, crescendo roller , Crescendo off from pipe mills, Automatic pedal.
* not built
** as an auxiliary mechanism, can be coupled to any manual, not built
Bells
In the church tower hangs a bell consisting of 5 bronze bells. The small former death bell is now in the rectory.
| Bell jar | volume | Weight | Caster | Casting year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | it 1 | 1251 kg | Bell foundry Pfundner | 1958 |
| 2 | g 1 | 572 kg | Bell foundry Pfundner | 1954 |
| 3 | b 1 | 334 kg | Bell foundry Pfundner | 1954 |
| 4th | c 2 | 235 kg | Bell foundry Pfundner | 1954 |
| 5 | it 2 | 166 kg | Bell foundry Pfundner | 1954 |
| 6th | c 3 | 25 kg | Johann Josef Pfrenger | 1753 |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Ottakring and the Alt-Ottakringer parish church on the homepage of the Alt-Ottakring parish
- ↑ a b c d Description of the church on the Alt-Ottakring parish homepage
- ↑ a b Martin Wadsack: The organs of the 16th district of Vienna. Vienna 2013, p. 30ff.
- ↑ a b c Martin Wadsack: Introduction to organ building with special consideration of the Mertin-Zika organ of the parish church Alt-Ottakring , Vienna XVI., Vienna 2005, p. 24ff.
- ↑ Roman Summereder: “Tin and copper and oaks / I always soften my heart” , comments and conversations on an Austrian variety of organ movement. In: Austrian Organ Forum, Issue 1989/1 a. 2.
- ^ Jörg Wernisch: Bell directory of Austria. Journal-Verlag, Lienz 2011, ISBN 978-3-902128-16-4 , p. 228.
Evangelical Church AB: Markuskirche
Orthodox Church: Neulerchenfelder parish church
Roman Catholic churches: Alt-Ottakringer Pfarrkirche | Parish Church of Mary Name | Neuottakringer Parish Church | Parish Church of Sandleiten | Parish Church of the Holy Spirit | Pilgrimage church to St. Theresa of the Child Jesus
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 48 ″ N , 16 ° 18 ′ 31 ″ E