Carl Heinrich Arnold

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Carl Heinrich Arnold, portrait of Adolph von Menzel

Carl Heinrich Arnold , often Karl Heinrich Arnold (* 17th September 1793 in Kassel , † 1. April 1874 ) was a German Tapetenentwerfer , wallpapers producer , landscape painter , portraitist , decorator and lithographer .

Family and education in Kassel

The son of a manufacturer from Kassel, Carl Heinrich Arnold, worked in his father's wallpaper factory in Kassel from around 1807. His father Johann Christian Arnold was the first and most important manufacturer of paper wallpapers in Germany. Around 1810 Arnold took drawing lessons from Johann Gottlieb Kobold and Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Robert . Arnold received his first artistic training in part at the Kassel Art Academy .

Parisian education

Further training at Jacquemart & Bénard, Dufour et Cie and Jacques-Louis David

In April 1812 he went to Paris, accompanied by Justus Krauskopf . His father not only financed his stay in Paris and the travel company of his son, but he had also hired a substitute for his son's military service before he left. Arnold gives information about his stay in Paris and his journey there in his childhood memories written in 1867. Arnold started the trip to Paris together with the Kassel academy professor Ludwig Hummel , his wife Marianne von Rohden and other traveling companions in the carriage, while Justus Krauskopf initially walked alone. From Frankfurt onwards , Arnold joined his friend Julius Krauskopf, and they went to Darmstadt to visit the secret secretary Georg Wilhelm Issel , with whom Arnold became friends and who wanted to follow the Kassel painting students to Paris. On May 9, 1812, he reached the French capital. On the way to Paris he met the departing Napoléon , who was on his way to the Russian campaign . In Paris he was trained in the wallpaper factories Jacquemart & Bénard and with Joseph Dufour and from July 1, 1812 in the studio of Jacques-Louis David . As he wrote in his memoirs in 1867, Arnold was “too curious, but also very self-conscious, to see the famous painter prince David. He was very serious, asked me a few things and then he saw my work that I had done in Kassel. He turned over the pages quickly, shook his head and said: Mon cher ami, oh, comme ça vient de l'académie, il faut que tu commences de nouveau, mais je vois, tu as du talent ainsi que du courage 'and gave my hand in parting ”. As a result, Arnold drew in David's studio first from plaster of paris, then from living models. Eventually he started painting himself.

Virulent life in Paris

Even before his personal introduction to David, Arnold stated, he had “visited his studio and made the acquaintance of some of David's more than 40 mostly older students”. Arnold was invited by them one evening to a garden tavern, where there was also dancing. "Some very pretty women" he met there, he saw again, to his "great surprise, shortly afterwards, naked as models in David's studio". He made friends, including Léopold Robert , Jules Delaroche , Peter Rittig and a painter "Schmidt from Madrid". For two silver groschen the painters had their lunch menu in the rue de la boucherie . "In the evenings we either worked with the light on or wandered around". The young artists went to the theater , toured old buildings or looked at corpses in the morgue.

In addition to the wallpaper manufacturers and the training studio, Arnold also devoted himself to decorative painting.

His father wrote to him in Paris that there was a lot of money to be made by painting halls and ceilings in Kassel. Thereupon Arnold hired himself in Paris with the first painter of this kind, Simon-Frédéric Moench , whose family workshop painted among other things the "ceilings in the Tuileries" and "in the huge picture gallery". In the Louvre , Arnold “worked up on the scaffolding for days and got to know this work very well in order to use it later at a profit”. Ludwig Hummel recommended the Hôtel de Lyon as accommodation to Arnold and Julius Krauskopf . In the poor hostel in a back building on Rue Saint Jacques , the young men were given two attic rooms for 12 francs a month each. "For the most part, students, booksellers and a few Spaniards lived there." They had daily contact with Georg Wilhelm Issel, who was now also in Paris, as well as with the Kassel architect Johann Heinrich Wolff and other people of German origin. In Issel's room in 1813, Arnold copied a presumably older Italian painting that he had acquired for the Darmstadt court. Arnold wanted, as he remembered, "to devote himself entirely to art and travel from Paris to Italy."

Return to Kassel

Friederike Arnold, portrait of Adolph von Menzel

On the other hand, the father's will to include him in the home business. The son acquiesced reluctantly and traveled in the fall of 1813 on short notice: "I have now wallpaper producer." For 1823 he created his first own lithographs , which he attributed to the Hessian Shale lithographed. A successful lithographic establishment was also founded in Kassel in 1823. Between 1830 and 1835/1839 several stays in Berlin can be documented, as a result of which the Arnold family business was founded. In Berlin, Arnold met Adolph von Menzel for the first time in 1833/34 . Arnold's family remained closely connected to Menzel throughout his life. Arnold took part in the Berlin Academy exhibition.

From 1839 Arnold was then court painter to the Hessian Elector Wilhelm II in Kassel. In 1842 he took over the artistic direction of the wallpaper factory, which he also managed completely from 1847.

Arnold gives information about his stay in Paris in his childhood memories written in 1867.

His son was the wallpaper manufacturer Carl Johann Arnold .

Artistic work

Arnold was considered a talented artist. In addition to pattern drawings for wallpaper but also landscapes, portraits and depictions of animals, he created the portrait of Friedrich Wilhelm III. a profile chest portrait of Elector Wilhelm II of Hesse (after a drawing by Weygandt) and views of Wilhelmshöhe . For the first time on Hessian lime schist, Arnold lithographed a booklet of Memories of Neundorf in 1823 (based on drawings by Julius Krauskopf).

reception

Artistic works created in Paris:

  • Two male nudes , 1811, red chalk, 36 × 22 cm, signed: Paris 1811, whereabouts unknown
  • Two female back nudes , white and black chalk on construction paper, whereabouts unknown
  • Mary with the child and St. Francis , copy after an unnamed, probably old Italian master in the Louvre, whereabouts unknown

Artistic works created in Kassel:

  • In the family circle, oil on canvas., Signed around 1850, Niederurf , private property
  • Hochgebirgssee, oil on canvas, signed 1845, Niederurf , private property
  • Daughter of the painter, Caroline Freifrau von Buttlar-Brandenfels, Oberurf privately owned

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

  • 1911 Künstlerhaus Berlin, Berlin

Group exhibitions and awards

  • 1827: Exhibition of patriotic industrial products, Berlin, (silver medal).
  • 1851: International Industrial Exhibition, London (bronze medal)
  • 1854: Exhibition of German industrial and commercial products, Munich (bronze medal) / * * 1865: General commercial and industrial exhibition, Stettin (award medal)
  • 1915: Works by Hessian painters of the 19th century (1800–1880), Kasseler Kunstverein , Kassel

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c August Woringer: memories of the youth of the manufacturer Karl Heinrich Arnold in Kassel. In: Hessenland. 21, 1907, p. 174.
  2. ^ A b c d e f August Woringer: memories of the youth of the manufacturer Karl Heinrich Arnold in Kassel. In: Hessenland. 21, 1907, SS 175.
  3. ^ A b c August Woringer: memories of the youth of the manufacturer Karl Heinrich Arnold in Kassel. In: Hessenland. 21, 1907, SS 185.
personal data
SURNAME Arnold, Carl Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arnold, Karl Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German wallpaper designer and manufacturer
DATE OF BIRTH September 17, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1874
Place of death kassel